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Letters in Response

Enhanced toxicity from powder cocaine use in comparison to crack cocaine use – an observational study in the intensive care unit

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Pages 71-72 | Received 28 Feb 2019, Accepted 08 Mar 2019, Published online: 03 Apr 2019

References

  • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. European Drug Report 2018: trend and developments; [cited 2019 Feb 25]. Available from: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/8585/20181816_TDAT18001ENN_PDF.pdf
  • Palamar JJ, Ompad DC. Demographic and socioeconomic correlates of powder cocaine and crack use among high school seniors in the United States. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2014;40:37–43.
  • Miró Ò, Dargan PI, Wood DM, et al. Epidemiology, clinical features and management of patients presenting to European emergency departments with acute cocaine toxicity: comparison between powder cocaine and crack cocaine cases. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019;30:1–9.
  • Stewart MJ, Fulton HG, Barrett SP. Powder and crack cocaine use among opioid users: is all cocaine the same? J Addict Med. 2014;8:264–270.
  • Butler AJ, Rehm J, Fischer B. Health outcomes associated with crack-cocaine use: systematic review and meta-analyses. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;180:401–416.

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