646
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Commentary

Tetrahydrocannabinol – friend or foe? – Debate

&
Pages 75-81 | Received 31 Jan 2019, Accepted 29 Mar 2019, Published online: 07 May 2019

References

  • Bachhuber MA, Saloner B, Cunningham CO, et al. Medical cannabis laws and opioid analgesic overdose mortality in the United States, 1999–2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:1668–1673.
  • Campbell G, Hall W, Peacock A, et al. Effect of cannabis use in people with chronic non-cancer pain prescribed opioids: findings from a 4-year prospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2018;3:e341–e350.
  • Weizman L, Dayan L, Brill S, et al. Cannabis analgesia in chronic neuropathic pain is associated with altered brain connectivity. Neurology. 2018;91:e1285–e1294.
  • Russo E. Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid terpenoid entourage effects. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;163:1344–1364.
  • Temple L, Lampert S, Ewigman B. Barriers to achieving optimal success with medical cannabis in IL: opportunities for quality improvement. J Alt Compl Med. 2019: 25:5–7. doi.org/10.1089/acm2018.025:0
  • Wen H, Hockenberry J. Association of medical and adult-use marijuana laws with opioid prescribing for Medicaid enrollees. JAMA Int Med. 2018;178:673–679.
  • Bradford AC1, Bradford W. Medical Marijuana Laws reduce prescription medication use in Medicare Part D. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35:1230–1236.
  • Chhabra N, Leikin JB. Analysis of medical marijuana laws in states transitioning to recreational marijuana – a legislatively gateway drug policy? Presented at the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology; Vancouver BC, 2017.
  • Mowery JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE. 2015 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 33rd annual report. Clin Toxicol. 2016;54:924–1109.
  • Leikin JB, Amusina O. Use of dexmedetomidine to treat delirium primarily caused by cannabis. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35:e5–801.e6.
  • Jiang YK, Wang S, Lam TS, et al. Prevalence of delirium and coma in mechanically ventilated patients sedated with dexmetomidine or propoful. P and T 2016;41:443–445.
  • Neavyn MJ, Blohm E, Babu KM, et al. Medical marijuana and driving: a review. J Med Toxicol. 2014;10:269–279.
  • Grontenhemin F, Russo E, Zuardi AW. Even high doses of oral cannabidiol do not cause THC-like effects in humans: comment on Merrick et al cannabis and cannabinoid research. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2017;2:1–4.
  • Zhu H, Wu L-T. Sex differences in cannabis use disorder diagnosis involved hospitalizations in the United States. J Addict Med. 2017;11:357–367.
  • Betholet N, Cheng DM, Patfai TP, et al. Anxiety, depression, and pain symptoms: associations with the course of marijuana use and drug use consequences among urban primary care patients. J Addict Med. 2018;12:45–52.
  • Mark K, Gryczynski J, Axenfeld E, et al. Pregnant women’s current and intended cannabis use in relation to their views toward legalization and knowledge of potential harm. J Addict Med. 2017;11:211–216.
  • Oliviera P, Morais AS, Madeira N. Synthetic cannabis analogues and suicidal behavior: case report. J Addict Med. 2017;11:408–410.
  • Lammert S, Harrison K, Tosun N, et al. Menstrual cycle in women who co-use marijuana and tobacco. J Addict Med. 2018;12:207–211.
  • Caputi TL, Humphrey K. Medical marijuana users are more likely to use prescription drugs medically and non-medically. J Addict Med. 2018;12:295–299.
  • Bagra I, Krishnan V, Rao R, et al. Does cannabis use influence opioid outcomes and quality of life among buprenorphine maintained patients? A cross-sectional comparative study. J Addict Med. 2018;12:315–320.
  • Koppel BS, Brust JCM, Fife T, et al. Systemic review: efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurological disorders: report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2014;82:1556–1563.
  • Häuser W, Fitzcharles M-A, Radbruch L, et al. Cannabinoids in pain management and palliative medicine. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017;114: 627–634.
  • Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, et al. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:162–173.
  • Jensen B, Chen J, Furnish T, et al. Medical marijuana and chronic pain: a review of basic science and clinical evidence. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2015;19:50.
  • Nielsen S, Sabioni P, Trigo JM, et al. Opioid-sparing effect of cannabinoids: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42:1752–1765.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Services Administratio, National Surveyon Drug Use and Health: Comparison of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 Population percentages [accessed 2019 Feb 26]. Available from: Samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHSUESHOR.
  • Thomas AA, Moser E, Dickerson-Young T, et al. A review of pediatric exposure in the setting of increasing legalization. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med. 2017;15:159–162.
  • Johnson LD, Miech RA, O’Malley PM, et al. Monitoring the future national survey results on drug use 1975-2017: overview key findings on adolescent drug use. Ann Arbor (MI): Institute for Social Research; the University of Michigan; 2018, p. 1–3.
  • MacCoun RJ, Mello MM. Half-baked-the retail promotion of marijuana edibles. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:989–991.
  • Keyes KM, Wall M, Cerda M, et al. How does state marijuana policy affect US youth? Medical marijuana laws, marijuana use and perceived harmfulness: 1991-2014. Addiction. 2016;111:2187–2195.
  • Baker DW. History of the Joint Commission’s Pain Standards: lessons for today’s prescription opioid epidemic. J Am Med Assoc. 2017;317:1717–1718.
  • Chhabra N, Leikin JB. The Joint Commission and the Opioid Epidemic. J Am Med Assoc. 2017;318:91–92.
  • Abrams DI, Couey P, Shade SB, et al. Cannabinoid-opioid interaction in chronic pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;90:844–851.
  • D'Souza DC, Ranganathan M. Medical marijuana: is the cart before the horse? J Am Med Assoc. 2015;313:2431–2432.
  • Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc 2015;313:2456–2473.
  • Caulley L, Caplan B, Ross E. Medical marijuana for chronic pain. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1575–1577.
  • Greydanus DE, Kaplan G, Baxter Sr LE, et al. Cannabis: the never-ending, nefarious nepenthe of the 21st century: what should the clinician know? Disease-a-Month 2015;61:118–175.
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: Current state of evidence and recommendations for research. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press; 2017.
  • Baron EP, Lucas P, Eades J, et al. Patterns of medical cannabis use, strain analysis and substitution effect among patients with migraine headache, arthritis, and chronic pain. J Headache Pain. 2018;19:37.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.