Metformin-related lactic acidosis with acute kidney injury: results of a French observational multicenter study

References

• NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387:1513–1530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012;35:1364–1379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foretz M, Hébrard S, Leclerc J, et al. Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice independently of the LKB1/AMPK pathway via a decrease in hepatic energy state. J Clin Invest. 2010;120:2355–2369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madiraju AK, Erion DM, Rahimi Y, et al. Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Nature. 2014;510:542–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salpeter SR, Greyber E, Pasternak GA, et al. Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;CD002967.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodmer M, Meier C, Krähenbühl S, et al. Metformin, sulfonylureas, or other antidiabetes drugs and the risk of lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:2086–2091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wills BK, Bryant SM, Buckley P, et al. Can acute overdose of metformin lead to lactic acidosis? Am J Emerg Med. 2010;28:857–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters N, Jay N, Barraud D, et al. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in an intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2008;12:R149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidowsky A, Nseir S, Houdret N, et al. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a prognostic and therapeutic study. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:2191–2196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajbaf F, Lalau J-D. The prognostic value of blood pH and lactate and metformin concentrations in severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013;14:22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vecchio S, Giampreti A, Petrolini VM, et al. Metformin accumulation: lactic acidosis and high plasmatic metformin levels in a retrospective case series of 66 patients on chronic therapy. Clin Toxicol. 2014;52:129–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stades AME, Heikens JT, Erkelens DW, et al. Metformin and lactic acidosis: cause or coincidence? A review of case reports. J Intern Med. 2004;255:179–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell S, Farran B, McGurnaghan S, et al. Risk of acute kidney injury and survival in patients treated with metformin: an observational cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2017;18:163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepelley M, Giai J, Yahiaoui N, et al. Lactic acidosis in diabetic population: is metformin implicated? Results of a matched case-control study performed on the type 2 diabetes population of Grenoble Hospital University. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connelly PJ, Lonergan M, Soto‐Pedre E, et al. Acute kidney injury, plasma lactate concentrations and lactic acidosis in metformin users: a GoDarts study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19:1579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalau JD, Race JM. Lactic acidosis in metformin-treated patients. Prognostic value of arterial lactate levels and plasma metformin concentrations. Drug Saf. 1999;20:377–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boucaud-Maitre D, Ropers J, Porokhov B, et al. Lactic acidosis: relationship between metformin levels, lactate concentration and mortality. Diabet Med. 2016;33:1536–1543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khwaja A. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract. 2012;120:c179–c184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luft D, Deichsel G, Schmulling R-M, et al. Definition of clinically relevant lactic acidosis in patients with internal diseases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1983;80:484–489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aharaz A, Pottegård A, Henriksen DP, et al. Risk of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin: a case control study. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0196122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013;41:580–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djerada Z, Fournet-Fayard A, Gozalo C, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of nefopam in elderly, with or without renal impairment, and its link to treatment response. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;77:1027–1038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djerada Z, Feliu C, Cazaubon Y, et al. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ropivacaine in spinal anesthesia. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018;57:1135–1147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraut JA, Madias NE. Lactic acidosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:2309–2319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA, et al. Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2427–2443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCreight LJ, Bailey CJ, Pearson ER. Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract. Diabetologia. 2016;59:426–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnet F, Scheen A. Understanding and overcoming metformin gastrointestinal intolerance. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19:473–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moioli A, Maresca B, Manzione A, et al. Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA): clinical profiling and management. J Nephrol. 2016;29:783–789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bicsak TA, Walsh B, Fineman M. Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis: moving towards a new paradigm? Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19:1499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhee CM, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Diabetes mellitus: complex interplay between metformin, AKI and lactic acidosis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13:521–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedoto A, Caruso JE, Nandi J, et al. Acidosis stimulates nitric oxide production and lung damage in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:397–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma D, Buyse M, Pitt B, et al. Meta-analysis of observed mortality data from all-controlled, double-blind, multiple-dose studies of losartan in heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85:187–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen LW, Mackenhauer J, Roberts JC, et al. Etiology and therapeutic approach to elevated lactate levels. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:1127–1140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell’Aglio DM, Perino LJ, Kazzi Z, et al. Acute metformin overdose: examining serum pH, lactate level, and metformin concentrations in survivors versus nonsurvivors: a systematic review of the literature. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:818–823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalau J-D, Arnouts P, Sharif A, et al. Metformin and other antidiabetic agents in renal failure patients. Kidney Int. 2015;87:308–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neal A, Rountree AM, Philips CW, et al. Quantification of low-level drug effects using real-time, in vitro measurement of oxygen consumption rate. Toxicol Sci. 2015;148:594–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariano F, Pozzato M, Inguaggiato P, et al. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis undergoing renal replacement therapy in intensive care units: a five-million population-based study in the North-West of Italy. Blood Purif. 2017;44:198–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calello D, Liu K, Wiegand T, et al. Extracorporeal treatment for metformin poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the extracorporeal treatments in poisoning workgroup. Crit Care Med. 2015;43:1716–1730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar