Efficacy of an organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme (OpdA) in human serum and minipig models of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning

References

• Gunnell D, Eddleston M, Phillips MR. The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mew EJ, Padmanathan P, Konradsen F, et al. The global burden of fatal self-poisoning with pesticides 2006-15: systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2017;219:93–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotti M. Clinical toxicology of anticholinesterase agents in humans In: Krieger RI, Doull J, editors. Handbook of pesticide toxicology Volume 2 Agents. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; 2001. p. 1043–1085.
   Google Scholar
• Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, et al. Medical management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet. 2008;371:597–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peter JV, Sudarsan TI, Moran JL. Clinical features of organophosphate poisoning: a review of different classification systems and approaches. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014;18:735–745.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eddleston M, Street JM, Self I, et al. A role for solvents in the toxicity of agricultural organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicology. 2012;294:94–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballantyne B, Marrs TC. Overview of the biological and clinical aspects of organophosphates and carbamates In: Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, editors. Clinical and experimental toxicology of organophosphates and carbamates. Oxford (UK): Butterworth Heinemann; 1992. p. 3–14.
   Google Scholar
• Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, et al. Differences between organophosphorus insecticides in human self-poisoning: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2005;366:1452–1459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddleston M, Mohamed F, Davies JOJ, et al. Respiratory failure in acute organophosphorus pesticide self-poisoning. Q J Med. 2006;99:513–522.
   Google Scholar
• Hulse EJ, Davies JO, Simpson AJ, et al. Respiratory complications of organophosphorus nerve agent and insecticide poisoning. Implications for respiratory and critical care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190:1342–1354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiermann H, Szinicz L, Eyer F, et al. Modern strategies in therapy of organophosphate poisoning. Toxicol Lett. 1999;107:233–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson MK, Jacobsen D, Meredith TJ, et al. Evaluation of antidotes for poisoning by organophosphorus pesticides. Emerg Med Australas. 2000;12:22–37.
   Google Scholar
• Eyer F, Meischner V, Kiderlen D, et al. Human parathion poisoning. A toxicokinetic analysis. Toxicol Rev. 2003;22:143–163.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buckley NA, Eddleston M, Li Y, et al. Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2:CD005085.
   Google Scholar
• Blumenberg A, Benabbas R, deSouza IS, et al. Utility of 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride (2-PAM) for acute organophosphate poisoning: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Toxicol. 2018;14:91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worek F, Thiermann H, Wille T. Oximes in organophosphate poisoning: 60 years of hope and despair. Chem Biol Interact. 2016;259:93–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddleston M. Patterns and problems of deliberate self-poisoning in the developing world. QJM. 2000;93:715–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley NA, Karalliedde L, Dawson A, et al. Where is the evidence for the management of pesticide poisoning - is clinical toxicology fiddling while the developing world burns? J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42:113–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horne I, Sutherland TD, Harcourt RL, et al. Identification of an opd (organophosphate degradation) gene in an Agrobacterium isolate. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002;68:3371–3376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wille T, Scott C, Thiermann H, et al. Detoxification of G- and V-series nerve agents by the phosphotriesterase OpdA. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. 2012;30:203–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland T, Russell R, Selleck M. Using enzymes to clean up pesticide residues. Pest Outlook. 2002;13:149–151.
   Google Scholar
• Sogorb MA, Vilanova E, Carrera V. Future applications of phosphotriesterases in the prophylaxis and treatment of organophosporus insecticide and nerve agent poisonings. Toxicol Lett. 2004;151:219–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmith M, Ashani Y. Catalytic bioscavengers as countermeasures against organophosphate nerve agents. Chem Biol Interact. 2018;292:50–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddleston M, Szinicz L, Eyer P. Oximes in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning: a systematic review of clinical trials. Q J Med. 2002;95:275–283.
   Google Scholar
• Bird SB, Sutherland TD, Gresham C, et al. OpdA, a bacterial organophosphorus hydrolase, prevents lethality in rats after poisoning with highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicology. 2008;247:88–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson CJ, Carville A, Ward J, et al. Use of OpdA, an organophosphorus (OP) hydrolase, prevents lethality in an African green monkey model of acute OP poisoning. Toxicology. 2014;317C:1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gresham C, Rosenbaum C, Gaspari RJ, et al. Kinetics and efficacy of an organophosphorus hydrolase in a rodent model of methyl-parathion poisoning. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17:736–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson CJ, Carr PD, Kim HK, et al. Anomalous scattering analysis of Agrobacterium radiobacter phosphotriesterase: the prominent role of iron in the heterobinuclear active site. Biochem J. 2006;397:501–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification: 2009. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Kwong TC. Organophosphate pesticides: biochemistry and clinical toxicology. Ther Drug Monitor. 2002;24:144–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, World Health Organization. The International Code of Conduct on pesticide management. Rome (Italy): FAO; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. International Code of Conduct on pesticide management. Guidelines on highly hazardous pesticides. Rome (Italy): FAO; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Tarbah FA, Mahler H, Temme O, et al. An analytical method for the rapid screening of organophosphate pesticides in human biological samples and foodstuffs. Forensic Sci Int. 2001;121:126–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood L, Egger M, Gluud LL, et al. Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study. BMJ. 2008;336:601–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorandeu F, Mikler JR, Thiermann H, et al. Swine models in the design of more effective medical countermeasures against organophosphorus poisoning. Toxicology. 2007;233:128–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• From active substance to product - the formulation is the key. Courier. 2005;1:6–9.
   Google Scholar
• Worek F, Mast U, Kiderlen D, et al. Improved determination of acetylcholinesterase activity in human whole blood. Clin Chim Acta. 1999;288:73–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salm P, Taylor PJ, Roberts D, et al. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the organophosphorus pesticides dimethoate, fenthion, diazinon and chlorpyrifos in human blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009;877:568–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John H, Eddleston M, Clutton RE, et al. Simultaneous quantification of the organophosphorus pesticides dimethoate and omethoate in porcine plasma and urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS and flow-injection-ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010;878:1234–1245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies JOJ, Roberts DM, Eyer P, et al. Hypotension in severe dimethoate self-poisoning. Clin Toxicol. 2008;46:880–884.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karki P, Hansdak SG, Bhandari S, et al. A clinico-epidemiological study of organophosphorus poisoning at a rural-based teaching hospital of eastern Nepal. Trop Doct. 2001;31:32–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panda M, Hutin YJ, Ramachandran V, et al. A fatal waterborne outbreak of pesticide poisoning caused by damaged pipelines, Sindhikela, Bolangir, Orissa, India, 2008. J Toxicol. 2009;2009:692496.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS. Streptokinase: a review of its clinical pharmacology, mechanism of action and therapeutic uses. Drugs. 1973;5:357–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson CJ, Weir K, Herlt A, et al. Structure-based rational design of a phosphotriesterase. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009;75:5153–5156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisswanger H. Enzyme assays. Perspect Science. 2014;1:41–55.
   Google Scholar
• Tarhoni MH, Lister T, Ray DE, et al. Albumin binding as a potential biomarker of exposure to moderately low levels of organophosphorus pesticides. Biomarkers. 2008;13:343–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isbister GK, Mills K, Friberg LE, et al. Human methyl parathion poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45:956–960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyer P, Worek F, Thiermann H, et al. Paradox findings may challenge orthodox reasoning in acute organophosphate poisoning. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;187:270–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar