References
- Warner ML, Kaufman NC, Grundmann O. The pharmacology and toxicology of kratom: from traditional herb to drug of abuse. Int J Legal Med. 2016;130(1):127–138.
- Post S, Spiller HA, Chounthirath T, et al. Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011–2017. Clin Toxicol. 2019;57(10):847–854.
- Prozialeck WC, Jivan JK, Andurkar SV. Pharmacology of kratom: an emerging botanical agent with stimulant, analgesic and opioid-like effects. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2012;112(12):792–799.
- Olsen EOM, O’Donnell J, Mattson CL, et al. Notes from the field: unintentional drug overdose deaths with kratom detected – 27 states, July 2016–December 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(14):326–327.
- Gottlieb S. Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on the agency’s scientific evidence on the presence of opioid compounds in kratom, underscoring its potential for abuse; 2018. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-agencys-scientific-evidence-presence-opioid-compounds
- Wang C, Walker AE. Fatal mitragynine-associated toxicity in Canada: a case report and review of the literature. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2018;8(2):340.