1,506
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Research

Comparing development of liver injury using the two versus three bag acetylcysteine regimen despite early treatment in paracetamol overdose

, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 478-485 | Received 28 Jul 2021, Accepted 19 Oct 2021, Published online: 11 Nov 2021

References

  • Cairns R, Brown JA, Wylie CE, et al. Paracetamol poisoning-related hospital admissions and deaths in Australia, 2004-2017. Med J Aust. 2019;211(5):218–223.
  • Huynh A, Cairns R, Brown JA, et al.; Synthesis of the Network of Australian Poisons Services' Health Outcomes and Treatment (SNAPSHOT) investigators. Patterns of poisoning exposure at different ages: the 2015 annual report of the australian poisons information centres. Med J Aust. 2018;209(2):74–79.
  • Rhodes AE, Bethell J, Spence J, et al. Age-sex differences in medicinal self-poisonings: a population-based study of deliberate intent and medical severity. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008;43(8):642–652.
  • Prescott LF, Park J, Ballantyne A, et al. Treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning with N-acetylcysteine. Lancet. 1977;2(8035):432–434.
  • Prescott LF, Illingworth RN, Critchley JA, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcystine: the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning. Br Med J. 1979;2(6198):1097–1100.
  • Rumack BH. Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: the first 35 years. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(1):3–20.
  • Cairney DG, Beckwith HK, Al-Hourani K, et al. Plasma paracetamol concentration at hospital presentation has a dose-dependent relationship with liver injury despite prompt treatment with intravenous acetylcysteine. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016;54(5):405–410.
  • Doyon S, Klein-Schwartz W. Hepatotoxicity despite early administration of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for acute acetaminophen overdose. Acad Emerg Med. 2009;16(1):34–39.
  • Marks DJB, Dargan PI, Archer JRH, et al. Outcomes from massive paracetamol overdose: a retrospective observational study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(6):1263–1272.
  • Chiew AL, Fountain JS, Graudins A, et al. Summary statement: new guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand. Med J Aust. 2015;203(5):215–218.
  • Chiew AL, Reith D, Pomerleau A, et al. Updated guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand. Med J Aust. 2020;212(4):175–183.
  • McNulty R, Lim JME, Chandru P, et al. Fewer adverse effects with a modified two-bag acetylcysteine protocol in paracetamol overdose. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018;56(7):618–621.
  • Schmidt LE, Rasmussen DN, Petersen TS, et al. Fewer adverse effects associated with a modified two-bag intravenous acetylcysteine protocol compared to traditional three-bag regimen in paracetamol overdose. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018;56(11):1128–1134.
  • Wong A, Graudins A. Simplification of the standard three-bag intravenous acetylcysteine regimen for paracetamol poisoning results in a lower incidence of adverse drug reactions. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016;54(2):115–119.
  • Wong A, Isbister G, McNulty R, et al. Efficacy of a two bag acetylcysteine regimen to treat paracetamol overdose (2NAC study). EClinicalMedicine. 2020;20:100288.
  • Yarema MC, Johnson DW, Berlin RJ, et al. Comparison of the 20-hour intravenous and 72-hour oral acetylcysteine protocols for the treatment of acute acetaminophen poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54(4):606–614.
  • Kirschner RI, Rozier CM, Smith LM, et al. Nomogram line crossing after acetaminophen combination product overdose. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016;54(1):40–46.
  • Murphy DB, Sutton JA, Prescott LF, et al. Opioid-induced delay in gastric emptying: a peripheral mechanism in humans. Anesthesiology. 1997;87(4):765–770.
  • Mutsaers A, Green JP, Sivilotti MLA, et al. Changing nomogram risk zone classification with serial testing after acute acetaminophen overdose: a retrospective database analysis. Clin Toxicol. 2019;57(6):380–386.
  • Beauchamp GA, Hart KW, Lindsell CJ, et al. Performance of a multi-disciplinary emergency department observation protocol for acetaminophen overdose. J Med Toxicol. 2013;9(3):235–241.
  • O’Callaghan C, Graudins A, Wong A. A two-bag acetylcysteine regimen is associated with shorter delays and interruptions in the treatment of paracetamol overdose. Clin Toxicol. 2021;1–5. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1966027

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.