Long-term health manifestations of hump-nosed pit viper (Genus: Hypnale) bites

References

• Kasturiratne A, Wickremasinghe AR, de Silva N, et al. The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modeling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths. PLOS Med. 2008;5(11):e218. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Silva A, Ranasinghe L. Epidemiology of snake-bite in Sri Lanka: a review. Ceylon Med J. 1983;28(3):144–154.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sellahewa KH, Kumararatne MP. Envenomation by the hump-nosed viper (Hypnale hypnale). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994;51(6):823–825. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1994.51.823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Ranathunga PEAN, Kularatne SAM. Clinico-epidemiology of Hypnale zara (hump-nosed pit viper) envenoming in Sri Lanka. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2021;115(6):603–612. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trab065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Ranathunga PEAN, Kularatne SAM. Kidney injury following envenoming by hump-nosed pit viper (Genus: Hypnale) in Sri Lanka: proven and probable cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2018;0:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Kularatne SAM, Ratnatunga N. Severe systemic effects of merrem’s hump-nosed viper bite. Ceylon Med J. 1999;144:169–170.
   Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Ranathunga PEAN, Kularatne SAM. Venom induced consumption coagulopathy following hump-nosed pit viper (Genus: Hypnale) envenoming in Sri Lanka: uncertain efficacy of fresh frozen plasma. Wilderness Environ Med. 2020;31(2):131–143. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2019.12.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Nishanthi Ranathunga PEA, Kularatne SAM. Thrombotic microangiopathy, haemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following hump-nosed pit viper (Genus: Hypnale) envenoming in Sri Lanka. Wilderness Environ Med. 2018;0:1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Nishanthi Ranathunga PEA, Kularatne SAM, et al. Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia following three different species of hump-nosed pit viper (Genus: Hypnale) envenoming in Sri Lanka. Wilderness Environ Med. 2018;29(1):94–101. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2017.11.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Nishanthi Ranathunga PEA, Ranaweera J, et al. Cardiac arrest and atrial fibrillation following hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) envenoming. Toxicon. 2018;148:33–39. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.03.014.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Nishanthi Ranathunga PEA, Kularatne SAM. Kounis syndrome following Hypnale zara (hump-nosed pit viper) bite in Sri Lanka. Wilderness Environ Med. 2021;32(2):210–216. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.12.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Nishanthi Ranathunga PEA, Kularatne SAM, et al. Acute ischemic stroke: a rare complication of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale spp.) bite: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2022;16(1):218. doi: 10.1186/s13256-022-03442-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Nishanthi Ranathunga PEA, Kularatne SAM. Sudden death following hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) bite. Wilderness Environ Med. 2021;32(1):125–127. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.09.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herath HM, Wazil AW, Abeysekara DT, et al. Chronic kidney disease in snake envenomed patients with acute kidney injury in Sri Lanka: a descriptive study. Postgrad Med J. 2012a;88(1037):138–142. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2011-130225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waiddyanatha S, Silva A, Weerakoon K, et al. Long-term health effects perceived by snakebite patients in rural Sri Lanka: a cohort study. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(9):e0010723. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasturiratne A, Lalloo DG, de Silva HJ. Chronic health effects and cost of snakebite. Toxicon X. 2021;9-10:100074. doi: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2021.100074.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jayawardana S, Gnanathasan A, Arambepola C, et al. Chronic musculoskeletal disabilities following snake envenoming in Sri Lanka: a population-based study. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(11):e0005103. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayawardana S, Arambepola C, Chang T, et al. Long-term health complications following snake envenoming. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2018;11:279–285. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S126648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijesinghe C, Williams S, Kasturiratne A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention for delayed psychological effects in snakebite victims. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(8):e0003989. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams SS, Wijesinghe CA, Jayamanne SF, et al. Delayed psychological morbidity associated with snakebite envenoming. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(8):e1255. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waiddyanatha S, Silva A, Siribaddana S, et al. Long-term effects of snake envenoming. Toxins. 2019;11(4):193. doi: 10.3390/toxins11040193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidney Disease: improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Inter. 2013;3(Suppl):1–150.
   Google Scholar
• Kidney Disease: improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Inter. 2012;2(Suppl):1–138.
   Google Scholar
• Ariaratnam CA, Sheriff MHR, Arambepola C, et al. Syndromic approach to treatment of snake bite in Sri Lanka based on results of a prospective national hospital-based survey of patients envenomed by identified snakes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81(4):725–731. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijewickrama ES, Gooneratne LV, Gnanathasan A, et al. Thrombotic microangiopathy and acute kidney injury following Sri Lankan Daboia russelii and Hypnale species envenoming. Clin Toxicol. 2020;58(10):997–1003. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1717509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waikhom R, Sircar D, Patil K, et al. Long-term renal outcome of snake bite and acute kidney injury: a single-center experience. Ren Fail. 2012;34(3):271–274. doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2011.647297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priyamvada PS, Jaswanth C, Zachariah B, et al. Prognosis and long-term outcomes of acute kidney injury due to snake envenomation. Clin Kidney J. 2020;13(4):564–570. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfz055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulimaddi R, Parveda AR, Brahmanpally B, et al. Incidence & prognosis of acute kidney injury in individuals of snakebite in a tertiary care hospital in India. Indian J Med Res. 2017;146(6):754–758. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1581_16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sinha R, Nandi M, Tullus K, et al. Ten-year follow-up of children after acute renal failure from a developing country. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24(3):829–e833. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijewickrama ES, Mohamed F, Gawarammana IB, et al. Serum and urinary biomarkers for early detection of acute kidney injury following Hypnale spp. envenoming. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(12):e0010011. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Nishanthi Ranathunga PEA, Kularatne SAM, et al. Purpura fulminans following hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) envenoming: a rare complication of snakebites. Toxicon. 2021;202:110–114. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu CP, Chuang JF, Hsu YP, et al. Predictors of the development of post-snakebite compartment syndrome. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2015;23(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s13049-015-0179-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Ranathunga PEAN, Kularatne SAM. Epidemiological and clinical features of hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale and Hypnale zara) envenoming in children. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(12):e0011013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachett JAG, Fernando FV, João A, et al. Bothrops atrox snakebite: how a bad decision may lead to a chronic disability: a case report. Wilderness Environ Med. 2020;31(3):317–323. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.03.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maduwage K, Scorgie FE, Silva A, et al. Hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) envenoming causes mild coagulopathy with incomplete clotting factor consumption. Clin Toxico. 2013;51(7):527–531. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2013.811589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Nishanthi Ranathunga PEA, Kularatne SAM. Systemic bleeding including pulmonary haemorrhage following hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) envenoming: a case report from Sri Lanka. Toxicon. 2019;170:21–28. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathnayaka RMMKN, Ranathunga PEAN. Acute kidney injury which leads to chronic kidney disease and death following hump nosed pit viper (Genus: Hypnale) envenoming. J Ratnapura Clin Soc. 2016:40–42.
   Google Scholar
• Sellahewa KH, Gunawardena G, Kumararatne MP. Efficacy of antivenom in treatment of severe local envenomation by the hump-nosed viper (Hypnale hypnale). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;53(3):260–262. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar