References
- Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, et al. Update of the scientific opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds. EFSA J. 2018;16:e05243.
- Millgate AG, Pogson BJ, Wilson IW, et al. Analgesia: morphine-pathway block in top1 poppies. Nature. 2004;431(7007):413–414. doi: 10.1038/431413a.
- Eisenreich A, Sachse B, Gürtler R, et al. What do we know about health risks related to thebaine in food? Food Chem. 2020;309:125564. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125564.
- Misra AL, Pontani RB, Mulé SJ. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of (3H) thebaine. Xenobiotica. 1974;4(1):17–32. doi: 10.3109/00498257409052087.
- Bollini SM, Banks JF, Hobbs GA. Urine thebaine determination by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after poppy seed consumption. Drug Test Anal. 2022;14(8):1539–1546. doi: 10.1002/dta.3274.
- Roberts DM, Brown J, Isoardi KZ. Toxic poppy seeds are sending people to hospital. 3 experts explain what’s behind the latest food scare. The Conversation. 2022. https://theconversation.com/toxic-poppy-seeds-are-sending-people-to-hospital-3-experts-explain-whats-behind-the-latest-food-scare-194716.
- Isoardi KZ, Roberts DM, Holford AG, et al. A cluster of acute thebaine poisonings from non-food grade poppy seeds in the Australian food supply. Clin Toxicol. 2023;61:639–643.
- Lea-Henry TN, Carland JE, Stocker SL, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics in kidney disease (part 1): fundamental principles. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13(7):1085–1095. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00340118.
- Yamazoe Y, Numata H, Yanagita T. Thebaine metabolites in the urine of rhesus monkeys. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1981;31(3):433–442. doi: 10.1016/S0021-5198(19)52850-5.
- Cassella G, Wu AH, Shaw BR, et al. The analysis of thebaine in urine for the detection of poppy seed consumption. J Anal Toxicol. 1997;21(5):376–383. doi: 10.1093/jat/21.5.376.
- Martínez MA, Ballesteros S, Almarza E, et al. Death in a legal poppy field in Spain. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;265:34–40. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.013.
- Bailey K, Richards-Waugh L, Clay D, et al. Fatality involving the ingestion of phenazepam and poppy seed tea. J Anal Toxicol. 2010;34(8):527–532. doi: 10.1093/jat/34.8.527.