References
- Watson W A, Litovitz T L, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers G C Jr, Youniss J, Reid N, Rouse W G, Rembert R S, Borys D. 2003 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2004; 22:335–404, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ramoska E A, Spiller H A, Winter M, Borys D. A one-year evaluation of calcium channel blocker overdoses: toxicity and treatment. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22:196–200, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Belson M G, Gorman S E, Sullivan K, Geller R J. Calcium channel blocker ingestions in children. Am J Emerg Med 2000; 18:581–586, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. Hardman J G, Limbird L E, eds. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
- Pearigen P D, Benowitz N L. Poisoning due to calcium antagonists. Experience with verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine. Drug Safety 1991; 6:408–430, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Kerns W II, Kline J, Ford M D. Beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker toxicity. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1994; 12:365–390, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Shaneyfelt T M, Mayo-Smith M F, Rothwangl J. Are guidelines following guidelines? The methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines in the peer-reviewed medical literature. JAMA 1999; 281:1900–1905, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Poisindex System. Klasco R K, ed. Thomson Micromedex: Greenwood Village, CO, edition expires March 2003.
- Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Ellenhorn M J, ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
- Ford M D, Delaney K A, Ling L J, Erickson T. Clinical Toxicology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.
- Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. 7th ed. Goldfrank L R, Flomenbaum N E, Lewin N A, Howland M A, Hoffman R S, Nelson L S, eds. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
- Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 3rd ed. Haddad L M, Shannon M W, Winchester J F, eds. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1998.
- Salhanick S D, Shannon M W. Management of calcium channel antagonist overdose. Drug Safety 2003; 26:65–79, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 17th ed. Behrman R E, Kliegman R M, Jenson H B, eds. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2004.
- The Science and Practice of Pediatric Cardiology. 2nd ed. Garson A, Bricker J T, Fisher D J, Neish S R, eds. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1998.
- The Harriet Lane Handbook: A Manual for Pediatric House Officers. 16th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2002.
- USP DI. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Englewood, CO: Thomson Micromedex, 2004.
- Poisoning & Drug Overdose. 4th ed. Olson K R, ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.
- Medical Toxicology. 3rd ed. Dart R C, ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2003.
- Benson B E, Spyker D A, Troutman W G, Watson W A. TESS-based amlodipine dose-response in pediatric exposures. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004; 42:753–754 [abstract], , [CSA]
- Boyer E W, Shannon M. Treatment of calcium channel blocker intoxication with insulin infusion. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1721–1722, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Stanek E J, Nelson C E, DeNofrio D. Amlodipine overdose. Ann Pharmacother 1997; 31:853–856, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Koch A R, Vogelaers D P, Decruyenaere J M, Callens B, Verstraete A, Buylaert W A. Fatal intoxication with amlodipine. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1995; 33:253–256, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Cosbey S H, Carson D J. A fatal case of amlodipine poisoning. J Anal Toxicol 1997; 21:221–222, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Tovar J L, Bujons I, Ruiz J C, Ibanez L, Salgado A. Treatment of severe combined overdose of calcium antagonists and converting enzyme inhibitors with angiotensin II. Nephron 1997; 77:239, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mahr N C, Valdes A, Lamas G. Use of glucagon for acute intravenous diltiazem toxicity. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79:1570–1571, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lambert H, Weber M, Renaud D. Intoxications aiguës par diltiazem (DTZ). Bilan des Centres Anti-Poisons Français. J Toxicol Clin Exp 1990; 10:229–242, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Fang C C, Tsai L M. Hematologic complications of diltiazem overdose. Am Heart J 1993; 126:1017–1018, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Ramoska E A, Spiller H A, Myers A. Calcium channel blocker toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19:649–653, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Roberts D, Honcharik N, Sitar D S, Tenenbein M. Diltiazem overdose: pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its metabolites and effect of multiple dose charcoal therapy. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1991; 29:45–52, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Oliver T B, Awunor-Renner C. Isoprenaline infusion and right ventricular pacing in severe diltiazem poisoning. N Z Med J 1992; 105:483, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Jaeger A, Sauder P, Bianchetti G, Kopferschmitt J, Dahlet M, Tritsch L, Flesch F. Intoxications aiguës par le diltiazem: étude cinétique et hémodynamique. J Toxicol Clin Exp 1990; 10:243–248, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Garcia del Pozo J M, Siquier B, Vicens C. Intento de autólisis con diltiacem. Rev Esp Cardiol 1991; 44:355–357, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Snover S W, Bocchino V. Massive diltiazem overdose. Ann Emerg Med 1986; 15:1221–1224, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Darmanaden R, Kienlen J, Rouve M B. One case of fatal poisoning by diltiazem. Therapie 1992; 47:80–81, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Jakubowski A T, Mizgala H F. Effect of diltiazem overdose. Am J Cardiol 1987; 60:932–933, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Buffet M, Ostermann G, Raclot P, Bertault R, Rambourg M O, Jaussand M, Journe B, Seys G A. Cinétique du diltiazem au cours d'un surdosage volontaire. Presse Med 1984; 13:1338. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieved&db=pubmedd&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6233565&query_h1=1, , [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Gibelin P, Maccario M, Lapalus P, Morand P. Intoxication volontaire par le diltiazem. Presse Med 1984; 13:745, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Howarth D M, Dawson A H, Smith A J, Buckley N, Whyte I M. Calcium channel blocking drug overdose: an Australian series. Human Exp Toxicol 1994; 13:161–166, [CSA]
- Erickson F C, Ling L J, Grande G A, Anderson D L. Diltiazem overdose: case report and review. J Emerg Med 1991; 9:357–366, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Fauville J P, Hantson P, Honore P, Belpaire F, Rosseel M T, Mahieu P. Severe diltiazem poisoning with intestinal pseudo-obstruction: case report and toxicological data. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1995; 33:273–277, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Henderson A, Stevenson N, Hackett L P, Pond S M. Diltiazem overdose in an elderly patient: efficacy of adrenaline. Anaesth Intensive Care 1992; 20:507–510, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ferner R E, Odemuyiwa O, Field A B, Walker S, Volans G N, Bateman D N. Pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of diltiazem in massive overdose. Human Toxicol 1989; 8:497–499, [CSA]
- Connolly D L, Nettleton M A, Bastow M D. Massive diltiazem overdose. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72:742–743, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Malcolm N, Callegari P, Goldberg J, Strauss H, Caillé G, Vezina M, Spenard J. Massive diltiazem overdosage: clinical and pharmacokinetic observations. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1986; 20:888. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieved&db=pubmedd&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3780429&query_h1=2, , [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Morimoto S, Sasaki S, Kiyama M, Hatta T, Moriguchi J, Miki S, Kawa T, Nakamura K, Itoh H, Nakata T, Takeda K, Nakagawa M. Sustained-release diltiazem overdose. J Hum Hypertens 1999; 13:643–644, http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieved&db=pubmedd&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10482975&query_h1=3, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Satchithananda D K, Stone D L, Chauhan A, Ritchie A J. Unrecognized accidental overdose with diltiazem. Br Med J 2000; 321:160–161., [CSA]
- Isbister G K. Delayed asystolic cardiac arrest after diltiazem overdose; resuscitation with high dose intravenous calcium. Emerg Med J 2002; 19:355–357, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Cimpello L B, Craig S, Lawrence E, Baker M D. A calcium channel blocker and ibuprofen overdose. Curr Opin Pediatr 1998; 10:303–307, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Luomanmaki K, Tiula E, Kivisto K T, Neuvonen P J. Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem in massive overdose. Ther Drug Monit 1997; 19:240–242, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Williamson K M, Dunham G D. Plasma concentrations of diltiazem and desacetyldiltiazem in an overdose situation. Ann Pharmacother 1996; 30:608–611, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Frese J H, Rohland L, Schulz M, Schmoldt A. Intoxikation mit gallopamil. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1988; 113:770–772, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Droy J M, Daridon E, Leroy J, Massari P. Intoxications aiguës par nicardipine et nifédepine. Etude multicentrique. J Toxicol Clin Exp 1990; 10:249–256, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Welch R D, Todd K. Nifedipine overdose accompanied by ethanol intoxication in a patient with congenital heart disease. J Emerg Med 1990; 8:169–172, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Schiffl H, Ziupa J, Schollmeyer P. Clinical features and management of nifedipine overdosage in a patient with renal insufficiency. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1984; 22:387–395, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Whitebloom D, Fitzharris J. Nifedipine overdose. Clin Cardiol 1988; 11:505–506, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Walter F G, Frye G, Mullen J T, Ekins B R, Khasigian P A. Amelioration of nifedipine poisoning associated with glucagon therapy. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22:1234–1237, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Herrington D M, Insley B M, Weinmann G G. Nifedipine overdose. Am J Med 1986; 81:344–346, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Lam Y M, Tse H F, Lau C P. Continuous calcium chloride infusion for massive nifedipine overdose. Chest 2001; 119:1280–1282, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Fant J S, James L P, Fiser R T, Kearns G L. The use of glucagon in nifedipine poisoning complicated by clonidine ingestion. Pediatr Emerg Care 1997; 13:417–419, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Cavagnaro F, Aglony M, Rios J C, Paris E. A suicide attempt with an oral calcium channel blocker. Vet Hum Toxicol 2000; 42:99–100, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ferner R E, Monkman S, Riley J, Cholerton S, Idle J R, Bateman D N. Pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of nifedipine in massive overdose. Human Exp Toxicol 1990; 9:309–311, [CSA]
- Wax P M. Intestinal infarction due to nifedipine overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1995; 33:725–728, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Papadopoulos J, O'Neil M G. Utilization of a glucagon infusion in the management of a massive nifedipine overdose. J Emerg Med 2000; 18:453–455, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Haddad L M. Resuscitation after nifedipine overdose exclusively with intravenous calcium chloride. Am J Emerg Med 1996; 14:602–603, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Immonen P, Linkola A, Waris E. Three cases of severe verapamil poisoning. Int J Cardiol 1981; 1:101–105, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Crump B J, Hot D W, Vale J A. Lack of response to intravenous calcium in severe verapamil poisoning. Lancet 1982; 2:939–940, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Sauder P, Kopferschmitt J, Dahlet M, Tritsch L, Flesch F, Siard P, Manz J M, Jaeger A. Les intoxications aiguës par le vérapamil. A propos de 6 cas. Revue de la littérature. J Toxicol Clin Exp 1990; 10:261–270. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieved&db=pubmedd&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2262922&query_h1=4, , [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Gutierrez H, Horgensen M. Colonic ischemia after verapamil overdose. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:535, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Leesar M A, Martyn R, Talley J D, Frumin H. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating massive verapamil overdose. Chest 1994; 105:606–607, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Candell J, Valle V, Soler M, Rius J. Acute intoxication with verapamil. Chest 1979; 75:200–201, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lapostolle F, Bourdain F, Adnet F, Benaissa A, Muszynski J, Baud F. Intoxication aiguë par le vérapamil. Proposition d'une stratégie de prise en charge therapeutique. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2000; 19:607–610, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Link A, Hammer B, Weisgerber K, Bohm M. Therapie der verapamil-intoxikation mit noradrenalin und dem phosphodiesterasehemmer enoximon. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2002; 127:2006–2008, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kuhlmann U, Schoenemann H, Muller T, Keuchel M, Lange H. Plasmapheresis in life-threatening verapamil intoxication. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 2000; 28:429–440, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Buckley C D, Aronson J K. Prolonged half-life of verapamil in a case of overdose: implications for therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 39:680–683, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Enyeart J J, Price W A, Hoffman D A, Woods L. Profound hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis after verapamil overdose. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983; 2:1228–1231, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Chimienti M, Previtali M, Medicia A, Piccinini M. Acute verapamil poisoning: successful treatment with epinephrine. Clin Cardiol 1982; 5:219–222, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- da Silva O A, de Melo R A, Jorge Filho J P. Verapamil acute self-poisoning. Clin Toxicol 1979; 14:361–367, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Woie L, Storstein L. Successful treatment of suicidal verapamil poisoning with calcium gluconate. Eur Heart J 1981; 2:239–242, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Perkins C M. Serious verapamil poisoning: treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate. Br Med J 1978; 2:1127, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Moroni F, Mannaioni P F, Dolara A, Ciaccheri M. Calcium gluconate and hypertonic sodium chloride in a case of massive verapamil poisoning. Clin Toxicol 1980; 17:395–400, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Miller A RO, Ingamells C J. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with an overdose of verapamil. Br Med J 1984; 288:1346, [CSA]
- Kivisto K T, Neuvonen P J, Tarssanen L. Pharmacokinetics of verapamil in overdose. Human Exp Toxicol 1997; 16:35–37, [CSA]
- Watling S M, Crain J L, Edwards T D, Stiller R A. Verapamil overdose: case report and review of the literature. Ann Pharmacother 1992; 26:1373–1378, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Brass B J, Winchester-Penny S, Lipper B L. Massive verapamil overdose complicated by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Am J Emerg Med 1996; 14:459–461, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Oe H, Taniura T, Ohgitani N. A case of severe verapamil overdose. Jpn Circ J 1998; 62:72–76, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kuo M J, Tseng Y Z, Chen T F, Fong D E. Verapamil overdose and severe hypocalcemia. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1992; 30:309–311, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Minella R A, Schulman D S. Fatal verapamil toxicity and hypokalemia. Am Heart J 1991; 121:1810–1812, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Spurlock B W, Virani N A, Henry C A. Verapamil overdose. West J Med 1991; 154:208–211, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Watson N A, FitzGerald C P. Management of massive verapamil overdose. Med J Aust 1991; 155:124–125, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- de Faire U, Lundman T. Attempted suicide with verapamil. Eur J Cardiol 1977; 6:195–198, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Croker J R, Vaile J H. Management of massive verapamil overdose. Med J Aust 1991; 155:728, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- McMillan R. Management of acute severe verapamil intoxication. J Emerg Med 1988; 6:193–196, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Horowitz B Z, Rhee K J. Massive verapamil ingestion: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. Am J Emerg Med 1989; 7:624–631, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Coaldrake L A. Verapamil overdose. Anaesth Intensive Care 1984; 12:174–175, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Goenen M, Col J, Compere A, Bonte J. Treatment of severe verapamil poisoning with combined amrinone-isoproterenol therapy. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58:1142–1143, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- van der Meer J, van der Wall E. Fatal acute intoxication with verapamil. Neth J Med 1983; 26:130–132, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Jain S C, Bharadwaj R P, Shukla R K, Ahmad M, Mathur S P. Severe hypotension and bradycardia after suicidal consumption of 100 tablets of verapamil: a case report. Indian Heart J 1982; 34:175–176, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Sporer K A, Manning J J. Massive ingestion of sustained-release verapamil with a concretion and bowel infarction. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22:603–605, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Tom P A, Morrow C T, Kelen G D. Delayed hypotension after overdose of sustained release verapamil. J Emerg Med 1994; 12:621–625, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Yuan T H, Kerns W P II, Tomaszewski C A, Ford M D, Kline J A. Insulin-glucose as adjunctive therapy for severe calcium channel antagonist poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999; 37:463–474, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Mayer U, Buhl N, Sachs H, Sigel H. Tödliche vergiftung mit verapamil in retard-form. Therapeutische überlegungen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1985; 110:1293–1296, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Spiller H A, Meyers A, Ziemba T, Riley M. Delayed onset of cardiac arrhythmias from sustained-release verapamil. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20:201–203, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Doyon S, Roberts J R. The use of glucagon in a case of calcium channel blocker overdose. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22:1229–1233, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Buckley N, Dawson A H, Howarth D, Whyte I M. Slow-release verapamil poisoning. Use of polyethylene glycol whole-bowel lavage and high-dose calcium. Med J Aust 1993; 158:202–204, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Quezado Z, Lippmann M, Wertheimer J. Severe cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic complications of massive verapamil overdose. Crit Care Med 1991; 19:436–438, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Sami Karti S, Ulusoy H, Yandi M, Güdüz A, Koşucum M, Erol K, Ratip S. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary œdema in the course of verapamil intoxication. Emerg Med J 2002; 19:458–459, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Ori Y, Korzets A, Caneti M, Weinstein T, Chagnac A, Salman H, , et al. Lymphocytic intracellular calcium in a patient with complicated verapamil overdose. Am J Med Sci 2000; 319:63–67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieved&db=pubmedd&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10653445&query_h1=5, , [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Barrow P M, Houston P L, Wong D T. Overdose of sustained-release verapamil. Br J Anaesth 1994; 72:361–365, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Shah A R, Passalacqua B R. Case report: sustained-release verapamil overdose causing stroke: an unusual complication. Am J Med Sci 1992; 304:357–359, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Krick S E, Gums J G, Grauer K, Cooper G R. Severe verapamil (sustained-release) overdose. DICP 1990; 24:705–706, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Vadlamudi L, Wijdicks E F. Multifocal myoclonus due to verapamil overdose. Neurology 2002; 58:984, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- MacDonald D, Alguire P C. Case report: fatal overdose with sustained-release verapamil. Am J Med Sci 1992; 303:115–117, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Kozlowski J H, Kozlowski J A, Schuller D. Poisoning with sustained-release verapamil. Am J Med 1988; 85:127, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Hofer C A, Smith J K, Tenholder M F. Verapamil intoxication: a literature review of overdoses and discussion of therapeutic options. Am J Med 1993; 95:431–438, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Hagege A, Masquet C, Beaufils P, Slama R. Intoxication massive par le vérapamil à libération prolongée. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1990; 83:1745–1747, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ashraf M, Chaudhary K, Nelson J, Thompson W. Massive overdose of sustained-release verapamil: a case report and review of literature. Am J Med Sci 1995; 310:258–263, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Spiller H A, Ramoska E A. Isradipine ingestion in a two-year-old child. Vet Hum Toxicol 1993; 35:233, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Boyer E W, Duic P A, Evans A. Hyperinsulinemia/euglycemia therapy for calcium channel blocker poisoning. Pediatr Emerg Care 2002; 18:36–37, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Wells T G, Graham C J, Moss M M, Kearns G L. Nifedipine poisoning in a child. Pediatrics 1990; 86:91–94, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lee D C, Greene T, Dougherty T, Pearigen P. Fatal nifedipine ingestions in children. J Emerg Med 2000; 19:359–361, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Brayer A F, Wax P. Accidental ingestion of sustained release calcium channel blockers in children. Vet Hum Toxicol 1998; 40:104–106, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Passal D B, Crespin F H. Verapamil poisoning in an infant. Pediatrics 1984; 73:543–545, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Adams B D, Browne W T. Amlodipine overdose causes prolonged calcium channel blocker toxicity. Am J Emerg Med 1998; 16:527–528, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Proano L, Chiang W K, Wang R Y. Calcium channel blocker overdose. Am J Emerg Med 1995; 13:444–450, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Orr G M, Bodansky H J, Dymond D S, Taylor M. Fatal verapamil overdose. Lancet 1982; 2:1218–1219, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Li Saw F, Hee F L, Lip G Y. Case report: fatal verapamil overdosage despite intensive therapy and use of high dose intravenous calcium. J Hum Hypertens 1996; 10:495–496, [CSA]
- Rankin R J, Edwards I R. Overdose of sustained release verapamil. N Z Med J 1990; 103:165, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Kardevandian E, Marcus S. Accidental ingestion of sustained release calcium channel blockers in children. Vet Hum Toxicol 1998; 40:237–238, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Hendren W G, Schieber R S, Garrettson L K. Extracorporeal bypass for the treatment of verapamil poisoning. Ann Emerg Med 1989; 18:984–987, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Laine K, Kivisto K T, Laakso I, Neuvonen P J. Prevention of amlodipine absorption by activated charcoal: effect of delay in charcoal administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 43:29–33, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Bonechi F, Brandinelli Geri A, Maioli M, Ieri A. Avvelenamento da verapamile a scopo suicida. Descrizione di un caso. G Ital Cardiol 1993; 23:69–72, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rosansky S J. Verapamil toxicity—treatment with hemoperfusion. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114:340–341, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- ter Wee P M, Kremer Hovinga T K, Uges D R, van der Geest S. 4-Aminopyridine and haemodialysis in the treatment of verapamil intoxication. Human Toxicol 1985; 4:327–329, [CSA]
- Kalman S, Berg S, Lisander B. Combined overdose with verapamil and atenolol: treatment with high doses of adrenergic agonists. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998; 42:379–382, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Samniah N, Schlaeffer F. Cerebral infarction associated with oral verapamil overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1988; 26:365–369, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Humbert V H Jr, Munn N J, Hawkins R F. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating massive diltiazem overdose. Chest 1991; 99:258–259, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wolf L R, Spadafora M P, Otten E J. Use of amrinone and glucagon in a case of calcium channel blocker overdose. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22:1225–1228, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Holzer M, Sterz F, Schoerkhuber W, Behringer W, Domanovits H, Weinmar D, Weinstabl C, Stimpfl T. Successful resuscitation of a verapamil-intoxicated patient with percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:2818–2823. http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieved&db=pubmedd&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10628632&query_h1=6, , [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Romano M J, Gaylor A, Sang C J. Life-threatening isradipine poisoning in a child. Pharmacotherapy 2002; 22:766–770, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Hattori V T, Mandel W J, Peter D. Calcium for myocardial depression from verapamil. N Engl J Med 1982; 306:238, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Lipman J, Jardine I, Roos C, Dreosti L. Intravenous calcium chloride as an antidote to verapamil-induced hypotension. Intensive Care Med 1982; 8:55–57, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Luscher T F, Noll G, Sturmer T, Huser B, Wenk M. Calcium gluconate in severe verapamil intoxication. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:718–720, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Passeron D, Peschaud J L. Intoxication aiguë par la nicardipine. J Toxicol Clin Exp 1990; 10:257–259, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Shepherd G, Klein-Schwartz W. High-dose insulin therapy for calcium-channel blocker overdose. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39:923–930, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Bailey B. Glucagon in beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses: a systematic review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2003; 41:595–602, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Robles N R, Garcia Diaz M C, Fernandez Mora G, Sanchez Casado E. Intoxicación por verapamilo de liberación lenta en un enfermo urémico. Med Clin (Barc) 1992; 99:741–742., [CSA]
- Jaeger A, Berton C, Sauder P, Kopferschmitt J. Toxicité des inhibiteurs calcique. J Toxicol Clin Exp 1990; 10:219–228, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rumack B H. Acetaminophen overdose in young children. Treatment and effects of alcohol and other additional ingestants in 417 cases. Am J Dis Child 1984 May; 138(5):428–433, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Gee P, Ardagh M. Paediatric exploratory ingestions of paracetamol. N Z Med J 1998; 111:186–188, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Caravati E M. Unintentional acetaminophen ingestion in children and the potential for hepatotoxicity. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000; 38:291–296, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]