Legal Attitudes and Legitimacy: Extending the Integrated Legal Socialization Model

REFERENCES

• Akers , R. L. 2009 . Social structure and social learning: A general theory of crime and deviance , New Brunswick , NJ : Transaction Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , J. L. 2010 . Amos 18.0 User's Guide , Spring House , PA : Amos Development .
   Google Scholar
• Bendixen , M. , Endresen , I. M. and Olweus , D. 2003 . Variety and frequency scales of antisocial involvement: Which one is better? . Legal and Criminological Psychology , 8 ( 2 ) : 135 – 150 . doi: 10.1348/135532503322362924
   Google Scholar
• Blasi , A. 1980 . Bridging moral cognition and moral action: A critical review of the literature . Psychological Bulletin , 88 ( 1 ) : 1 – 45 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.88.1.1
   Google Scholar
• Browne , M. W. 1984 . Asymptotically distribution-free methods for the analysis of covariance structures . British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , 37 ( 1 ) : 62 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohn , E. S. , Bucolo , D. O. , Rebellon , C. J. and Van Gundy , K. 2010 . An integrated model of legal and moral reasoning and RVB: The role of legal attitudes . Law and Human Behavior , 34 ( 4 ) : 295 – 309 . doi: 10.1007/s10979-009-9185-9
   Google Scholar
• Cohn , E. S. and White , S. O. 1990 . Legal socialization: A study of norms and rules , New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Damon , W. 1988 . The moral child: Nurturing children's natural moral growth , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Darling , N. , Cumsille , P. and Martinez , M. L. 2007 . Adolescents as active agents in the socialization process: Legitimacy of parental authority and obligation to obey as predictors of obedience . Journal of Adolescence , 30 ( 2 ) : 297 – 311 . doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.03.003
   Google Scholar
• Darling , N. , Cumsille , P. and Martinez , M. L. 2008 . Individual differences in adolescents' beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority and their own obligation to obey: A longitudinal investigation . Child Development , 79 ( 4 ) : 1103 – 1118 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01178.x
   Google Scholar
• Darling , C. , Cumsille , P. and Peña-Alampay , L. 2005 . Rules, obligation to obey, and obedience in three cultures: Age-related differences and the development of autonomy . New Directions for Child Development , 108 : 47 – 60 . doi: 10.1002/cd.127
   Google Scholar
• Darling , N. and Steinberg , L. 1993 . Parenting style as context: An integrative model . Psychological Bulletin , 113 ( 3 ) : 487 – 496 . doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
   Google Scholar
• Dubin , E. R. and Dubin , R. 1963 . The authority inception period in socialization . Child Development , 34 ( 4 ) : 885 – 898 .
   Google Scholar
• Fagan , J. and Piquero , A. R. 2007 . Rational choice and developmental influences on recidivism among adolescent felony offenders . Journal of Empirical Legal Studies , 4 ( 4 ) : 715 – 748 . doi: 10.1111/j.1740-1461.2007.00105.x
   Google Scholar
• Fagan , J. and Tyler , T. R. 2005 . Legal socialization of children and adolescents . Social Justice Research , 18 ( 3 ) : 217 – 242 . doi: 10.1007/s11211-005-6823-3
   Google Scholar
• Finckenauer , J. O. 1995 . Russian youth: Law, deviance, and the pursuit of freedom , New Brunswick , NJ : Transaction Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Gottfredson , M. R. and Hirschi , T. 1990 . A general theory of crime , Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , H. B. 2006 . Building a culture of lawfulness: Law enforcement, legal reasoning, and delinquency among Mexican youth , El Paso , TX : LFB Scholarly Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Hains , A. A. and Miller , D. J. 1980 . Moral and cognitive development in delinquent and nondelinquent children and adolescents . Journal of Genetic Psychology , 137 ( 1 ) : 21 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Hindelang , M. J. , Hirschi , T. and Weis , J. G. 1981 . Measuring delinquency , Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Hoeve , M. D. , Eichelsheim , J. S. , van der Laan , V. I. , Smeenk , P. H. , Gerris , W. and Jan , R. M. 2009 . The relationship between parenting and delinquency: A meta-analysis . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 37 ( 6 ) : 749 – 775 . doi: 10.1007/s10802-009-9310-8
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg , L. 1963/2008 . The development of children's orientations toward a moral order: I. Sequence in the development of moral thought . Human Development , 51 ( 1 ) : 8 – 20 . doi: 10.1159/00011253
   Google Scholar
• Laupa , M. 1991 . Children's reasoning about three authority attributes: Adult status, knowledge, and social position . Developmental Psychology , 27 ( 2 ) : 321 – 329 . doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.321
   Google Scholar
• Laupa , M. and Turiel , E. 1993 . Children's concepts of authority and social contexts . Journal of Educational Psychology , 85 ( 1 ) : 191 – 197 . doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.85.1.191
   Google Scholar
• Laupa , M. , Turiel , E. and Cowan , P. A. 1995 . “ Obedience to authority in children and adults ” . In Morality in everyday life: Developmental perspectives , Edited by: Killen , M. and Hart , D. 131 – 165 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , J. M. , Steinberg , L. , Piquero , A. R. and Knight , G. P. 2011 . Identity-linked perceptions of the police among African American juvenile offenders: A developmental perspective . Journal of Youth Adolescence , 40 ( 1 ) : 23 – 37 . doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9553-2
   Google Scholar
• Levine , F. J. 1979 . The legal reasoning of youth: Dimensions and correlates , University of Chicago : Unpublished doctoral dissertation .
   Google Scholar
• Levine , F. J. and Tapp , J. L. 1977 . “ The dialectic of legal socialization in community and school ” . In Law, justice and the individual in society: Psychological and legal issues , Edited by: Tapp , J. L. and Levine , F. J. 163 – 182 . New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Milinitsky-Sapiro , C. , Turiel , E. and Nucci , L. 2006 . Brazilian adolescents' conceptions of autonomy and parental authority . Cognitive Development , 21 ( 3 ) : 317 – 331 . doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2006.01.001
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , E. J. and Hollin , C. R. 2001 . Sociomoral reasoning, perceptions of parenting, and self-reported delinquency in adolescents . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 15 : 85 – 100 . doi: 10.1002/1099-0720(200101/02)15:1<85::AID-ACP691>3.0.CO;2-6
   Google Scholar
• Paternoster , R. and Pogarsky , G. 2009 . Rational choice, agency and thoughtfully reflective decision making: The short- and long-term consequences of making good choices . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 25 ( 2 ) : 103 – 127 . doi: 10.1007/s10940-009-9065-y
   Google Scholar
• Piaget , J. 1932/1965 . The moral judgment of the child , London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Piquero , A. R. , Fagan , J. , Mulvey , E. P. , Steinberg , L. and Odgers , C. 2005 . Developmental trajectories of legal socialization among serious adolescent offenders . Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology , 96 ( 1 ) : 267 – 298 . doi: 0091-4169/05/9601-0267
   Google Scholar
• Piquero , A. R. and Pogarsky , G. 2002 . Beyond Stafford and Warr's reconceptualization of deterrence: Personal and vicarious experiences, impulsivity, and offending behavior . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 39 ( 2 ) : 153 – 186 . doi: 10.1177/002242780203900202
   Google Scholar
• Pogarsky , G. , Kim , K. and Paternoster , R. 2005 . Perceptual change in the National Youth Survey: Lessons for deterrence theory and offender decision-making . Justice Quarterly , 22 ( 1 ) : 1 – 29 . doi: 10.1080/0741882042000333627
   Google Scholar
• Pogarsky , G. and Piquero , A. R. 2003 . Can punishment encourage offending? Investigating the “resetting” effect . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 40 ( 1 ) : 95 – 120 . doi: 10.1177/0022427802239255
   Google Scholar
• Raaijmakers , Q. A. W. , Engels , R. C. M. E. and Van Hoof , A. 2005 . Delinquency and moral reasoning in adolescence and young adulthood . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 29 ( 3 ) : 247 – 258 . doi: 10.1080/01650250544000035
   Google Scholar
• Rebellon , C. J. and Waldman , I. 2003 . Deconstructing “force and fraud”: An empirical assessment of the generality of crime . Journal of Quantitative Criminology , 19 ( 3 ) : 303 – 331 . doi: 10.1023/A:1024961026078
   Google Scholar
• Shelton , C. M. and McAdams , D. P. 1990 . In search of everyday morality: The development of a measure . Adolescence , 25 ( 100 ) : 923 – 943 .
   Google Scholar
• Smetana , J. G. and Daddis , C. 2002 . Domain-specific antecedents of parental psychological control and monitoring: The role of parenting beliefs and practices . Child Development , 73 ( 2 ) : 563 – 580 . doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00424
   Google Scholar
• Stams , G. J. , Brugman , D. , Dekovic , M. , van Rosmalen , L. , van der Laan , P. and Gibbs , J. C. 2006 . The moral judgment of delinquent juveniles: A meta-analysis . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 34 ( 5 ) : 697 – 713 . doi: 10.1007/s10802-006-9056-5
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , L. and Morris , A. S. 2001 . Adolescent development . Annual Review of Psychology , 52 : 83 – 110 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83
   Google Scholar
• Sunshine , J. and Tyler , T. R. 2003 . The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing . Law & Society Review , 37 ( 3 ) : 513 – 548 . doi: 10.1111/1540-5893.3703002
   Google Scholar
• Tapp , J. L. 1976 . Psychology and the law: An overture . Annual Review of Psychology , 27 : 359 – 404 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.27.020176.002043
   Google Scholar
• Tapp , J. L. and Kohlberg , L. 1971 . Developing senses of law and legal justice . Journal of Social Issues , 27 ( 2 ) : 65 – 91 . doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1971.tb00654.x
   Google Scholar
• Tapp , J. L. and Levine , F. J. 1974 . Legal socialization: Strategies for an ethical legality . Stanford Law Review , 27 : 1 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Tisak , M. S. 1986 . Children's conceptions of parental authority . Child Development , 57 ( 1 ) : 166 – 176 . doi: 10.2307/1130648
   Google Scholar
• Trinkner , R. 2012 . Testing the procedural justice model of legal socialization: Expanding beyond the legal world , Durham : Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of New Hampshire .
   Google Scholar
• Trinkner , R. , Cohn , E. S. , Rebellon , C. J. and Van Gundy , K. 2012 . Don't trust anyone over 30: Parental legitimacy as a mediator between parenting style and changes in delinquent behavior over time . Journal of Adolescence , 35 ( 1 ) : 119 – 132 . doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.05.003
   Google Scholar
• Turiel , E. 1983 . The development of social knowledge: Morality and convention , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tyler , T. R. 2006a . Why people obey the law , 2nd , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tyler , T. R. 2006b . Psychological perspectives on legitimacy and legitimation . Annual Review of Psychology , 57 : 375 – 400 . doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190038
   Google Scholar
• Tyler , T. R. and Huo , Y. J. 2002 . Trust in the law: Encouraging public cooperation with the police and courts , New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Tyler , T. R. , Schulhofer , S. and Huq , A. Z. 2010 . Legitimacy and deterrence effects in counterterrorism policing: A study of Muslim Americans . Law and Society Review , 44 ( 2 ) : 365 – 402 . doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5893.2010.00405.x
   Google Scholar
• Wolpin , K. 1983 . The national longitudinal handbook 1983–1984 , Columbus , OH : Center for Human Resource Research, Ohio State University .
   Google Scholar