Publication Cover
Victims & Offenders
An International Journal of Evidence-based Research, Policy, and Practice
Volume 18, 2023 - Issue 4
214
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Personal and Vicarious Experiences that Shape Incarcerated Youths’ Perceptions of Injustice- Comparing Two Measures

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &

References

  • Akbar, A. A. (2020). An abolitionist horizon for (police) reform. California Law Review, 108(1), 1781–1846. https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38M32NB2K
  • Akers, R. L. (1997). Criminological theories: Introduction and evaluation (2nd ed.). Roxbury.
  • Akers, R. L., Krohn, M., Lanza-Kaduce, L., & Radosevich, M. (1979). Social learning and deviant behavior: A specific test of a general theory. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 636–655. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094592
  • Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. The New Press.
  • Allison, P. (2012). When can you safely ignore multicollinearity?https://statisticalhorizons.com/multicollinearity
  • Apple, N., & O’Brien, D. (1983). Neighborhood racial composition and residents’ evaluation of police performance. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 11(1), 76–84.
  • Augustyn, M. B. (2016). Updating perceptions of (in) justice. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 53(2), 255–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427815616991
  • Baker, T., Pelfrey Jr, W. V., Bedard, L. E., Dhungana, K., Gertz, M., & Golden, K. (2014). Female inmates’ procedural justice perceptions of the police and courts: Is there a spill-over of police effects? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(2), 144–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854813497479
  • Black Lives Matter. Blacklivesmatter.com
  • Brick, B. T., Taylor, T. J., & Esbensen, F. A. (2009). Juvenile attitudes towards the police: The importance of subcultural involvement and community ties. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(5), 488–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.07.009
  • Brooks, R. R., & Jeon‐Slaughter, H. (2001). Race, income, and perceptions of the US court system. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 19(2), 249–264. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.442
  • Brown, B., & Benedict, W. R. (2002). Perceptions of the police. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25(3), 543–580 . https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510210437032
  • Brunson, R. K., & Miller, J. (2006). Young black men and urban policing in the United States. British Journal of Criminology, 46(4), 613–640. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azi093
  • Brunson, R. K., & Weitzer, R. (2009). Police relations with black and white youths in different urban neighborhoods. Urban Affairs Review, 44(6), 858–885. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087408326973
  • Brunson, R. K. (2007). “Police don’t like black people”: African‐American young men’s accumulated police experiences. Criminology & Public Policy, 6(1), 71–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2007.00423.x
  • Buckler, K., Unnever, J. D., & Cullen, F. T. (2008). Perceptions of injustice revisited: A test of Hagan et al.’s comparative conflict theory. Journal of Crime and Justice, 31(1), 35–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2008.9721243
  • Buckler, K., & Unnever, J. D. (2008). Racial and ethnic perceptions of injustice: Testing the core hypotheses of comparative conflict theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(3), 270–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.04.008
  • Buckler, K., Wilson, S., Hartley, D., & Davila, M. (2011). Racial and ethnic perceptions of injustice: Does prior personal and vicarious incarceration experience alter the racial/ethnic gap in perceptions of injustice? Criminal Justice Review, 36(3), 269–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016811409396
  • Burgess, R. L., & Akers, R. L. (1966). A differential association-reinforcement theory of criminal behavior. Social Problems, 14(2), 128–147. https://doi.org/10.2307/798612
  • Campbell, F., & Valera, P. (2020). “The only thing new is the cameras”: A study of us college students’ perceptions of police violence on social media. Journal of Black Studies, 51(7), 654–670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934720935600
  • Cao, L., Frank, J., & Cullen, F. T. (1996). Race, community context and confidence in the police. Am. J. Police, 15(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610116536
  • Carr, P. J., Napolitano, L., & Keating, J. (2007). We never call the cops and here is why: A qualitative examination of legal cynicism in three Philadelphia neighborhoods. Criminology, 45(2), 445–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2007.00084.x
  • Correia, M. E., Reisig, M. D., & Lovrich, N. P. (1996). Public perceptions of state police: An analysis of individual-level and contextual variables. Journal of Criminal Justice, 24(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(95)00049-6
  • Cox, T. C., & Falkenberg, S. D. (1987). Adolescents’ attitudes toward police: An emphasis on interactions between the delinquency measures of alcohol and marijuana, police contacts and attitudes. Am J Police, 6(2), 45–62.
  • Decker, S. H. (1981). Citizen attitudes toward the police: A review of past findings and suggestions for future policy. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 9(1), 80–87.
  • Du Bois, W. E. B. (Ed.). (1904). Some notes on Negro crime, particularly in Georgia (No. 9). Atlanta University Press.
  • Fader, J. J. (2013). Falling back: Incarceration and transitions to adulthood among urban youth. Rutgers University Press.
  • Fagan, J., & Tyler, T. R. (2005). Legal socialization of children and adolescents. Social Justice Research, 18(3), 217–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-005-6823-3
  • Fine, A. D., Donley, S., Cavanagh, C., & Cauffman, E. (2020). Youth perceptions of law enforcement and worry about crime from 1976 to 2016. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 47(5), 564–581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854820903752
  • Fine, A. D., Padilla, K. E., & Tapp, J. (2019). Can youths’ perceptions of the police be improved? Results of a school-based field evaluation in three jurisdictions. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 25(4), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000207
  • Fine, A. D., Padilla, K. E., & Tom, K. E. (2020). Police legitimacy: Identifying developmental trends and whether youths’ perceptions can be changed. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-020-09438-7
  • Fine, A., Cavanagh, C., Donley, S., Steinberg, L., Frick, P. J., & Cauffman, E. (2016). The role of peer arrests on the development of youths’ attitudes towards the justice system. Law and Human Behavior, 40(2), 211. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000167
  • Florida Outcome Evaluation Report. (2006). Florida department of juvenile justice. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/florida-department-juvenile-justice-2006-outcome-evaluation-report
  • Fossati, T. E., & Meeker, J. W. (1997). Evaluations of institutional legitimacy and court system fairness: A study of gender differences. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(96)00057-8
  • Frank, J., Brandl, S. G., Cullen, F. T., & Stichman, A. (1996). Reassessing the impact of race on citizens’ attitudes toward the police: A research note. Justice Quarterly, 13(2), 321–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829600092961
  • Gau, J. M., & Brunson, R. K. (2010). Procedural justice and order maintenance policing: A study of inner‐city young men’s perceptions of police legitimacy. Justice Quarterly, 27(2), 255–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820902763889
  • Giordano, P. C. (1976). The sense of injustice? An analysis of juveniles’ reactions to the justice system. Criminology, 14(1), 93–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1976.tb00006.x
  • Griffiths, C. T., & Winfree, L. T. (1982). Attitudes toward the police: A comparison of Canadian and American adolescents. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 6(1–2), 127–141. doi:10.1080/01924036.1982.9688748
  • Hagan, J., & Albonetti, C. (1982). Race, class, and the perception of criminal injustice in America. American Journal of Sociology, 88(2), 329–355.
  • Hagan, J., Shedd, C., & Payne, M. R. (2005). Race, ethnicity, and youth perceptions of criminal injustice. American Sociological Review, 70(3), 381–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240507000302
  • Hegtvedt, K. A., & Johnson, C. (2000). Justice beyond the Individual: A Future with Legitimation. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 298–311. https://doi.org/10.2307/2695841
  • Henderson, M. L., Cullen, F. T., Cao, L., Browning, S. L., & Kopache, R. (1997). The impact of race on perceptions of criminal injustice. Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(6), 447–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(97)00032-9
  • Hinds, L. (2007). Building police—Youth relationships: The importance of procedural justice. Youth Justice, 7(3), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225407082510
  • Huebner, B. M., Schafer, J. A., & Bynum, T. S. (2004). African American and White perceptions of police services: Within-and between-group variation. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2003.12.003
  • Hurst, Y. G., & Frank, J. (2000). How kids view cops the nature of juvenile attitudes toward the police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28(3), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(00)00035-0
  • Jacob, H. (1971). Black and white perceptions of justice in the city. Law & Soc’y Rev, 6(1), 69–90.
  • Jones-Brown, D. D. (2000). Debunking the myth of officer friendly: How African American males experience community policing. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 16(2), 209–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986200016002006
  • Kaasa, S. O., Tatar, J. R. II., Dezember, A., & Cauffman, E. (2018). The impact of waiver to adult court on youths’ perceptions of procedural justice. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 24(4), 418–429. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000181
  • Krohn, M., & Stratton, J. (1980). A sense of injustice?: Attitudes toward the criminal justice system and institutional adaptations. Criminology, 17(4), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01313.x
  • Lane, J., Lanza-Kaduce, L., Akers, R. L., & Cook, C. (February 2010). Final Report of the Florida Faith and Community-Based Delinquency Treatment Initiative (FCBDTI) Evaluation. Submitted to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice.
  • Lane, J., Rader, N. E., Henson, B., Fisher, B. S., & May, D. C. (2014). Fear of crime in the United States: Causes, consequences, and contradictions. Carolina Academic Press.
  • Lanza-Kaduce, L, J. Lane, & Benedini, K. (2017). The Effects of Religion on the Prisonization of Incarcerated Juveniles in Faith-Based Facilities. In Kerley, K (ed.) Religion in Prison. Research, Theory, and Policy. Santa Barbara: Praeger
  • Lanza‐Kaduce, L., & Radosevich, M. (1987). Negative reactions to processing and substance use among young incarcerated males. Deviant Behavior, 8(2), 131–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1987.9967738
  • Lasley, J. R. (1994). The impact of the Rodney King incident on citizen attitudes toward police. Policing and Society: An International Journal, 3(4), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1994.9964673
  • Matsueda, R. L. (1988). The current state of differential association theory. Crime and Delinquency, 34(3), 277–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128788034003005
  • Matza, D. (1964). Delinquency and drift. Transaction Publishers.
  • Mazerolle, L., Antrobus, E., Bennett, S., & Tyler, T. R. (2013). Shaping citizen perceptions of police legitimacy: A randomized field trial of procedural justice. Criminology, 51(1), 33–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2012.00289.x
  • Miller, F., & Foster, E. (2002). Youths’ perceptions of race, class, and language bias in the courts. Journal of Negro Education 71(3) , 193–204. https://doi.org/10.2307/3211236
  • Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life course persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674
  • Murphy, K. (2015). Does procedural justice matter to youth? Comparing adults’ and youths’ willingness to collaborate with police. Policing and Society, 25(1), 53–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.802786
  • Nordberg, A., Crawford, M. R., Praetorius, R. T., & Hatcher, S. S. (2016). Exploring minority youths’ police encounters: A qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 33(2), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-015-0415-3
  • Novich, M., & Hunt, G. (2017). “Get off me”: Perceptions of disrespectful police behaviour among ethnic minority youth gang members. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 24(3), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2016.1239697
  • Novich, M., & Hunt, G. (2018). Trust in police motivations during involuntary encounters: An examination of young gang members of colour. Race and Justice, 8(1), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/2153368717718027
  • OJJDP (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention) Report. (2019). Retrieved December 18, 2020, from https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/crime/qa05101.asp
  • Peck, J. H. (2015). Minority perceptions of the police: A state-of-the-art review. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 38(1) 173–203 . https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-01–2015-0001
  • President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. (2015). https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/taskforce_finalreport.pdf
  • Rios, V. M. (2011). Punished: Policing the lives of Black and Latino boys. NYU Press.
  • Rosenbaum, D. P., Schuck, A. M., Costello, S. K., Hawkins, D. F., & Ring, M. K. (2005). Attitudes toward the police: The effects of direct and vicarious experience. Police Quarterly, 8(3), 343–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611104271085
  • Rusinko, W. T., Johnson, K. W., & Hornung, C. A. (1978). The importance of police contact in the formulation of youths’ attitudes toward police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 6(1), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(78)90039-9
  • Scaglion, R., & Condon, R. G. (1980). Determinants of Attitudes Toward City Police. Criminology, 17(4), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01312.x
  • Schafer, J. A., Huebner, B. M., & Bynum, T. S. (2003). Citizen perceptions of police services: Race, neighborhood context, and community policing. Police Quarterly, 6(4), 440–468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611102250459
  • Shedd, C. (2012). What About the Other 99%? Key Issues in the Police Use of Pedestrian Stops and Searches, ii-44. http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/25781/412647-Key-Issues-in-the-Police-Use-of-Pedestrian-Stops-and-Searches.PDF
  • Stewart, D. M., Morris, R. G., & Weir, H. (2014). Youth perceptions of the police: Identifying trajectories. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 12(1), 22–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204013480369
  • Sun, I. Y., & Wu, Y. (2006). Citizens’ perceptions of the courts: The impact of race, gender, and recent experience. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34(5), 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.09.001
  • Sunshine, J., & Tyler, T. R. (2003). The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing. Law & Society Review, 37(3), 513–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5893.3703002
  • Sutherland, E. H. (1947). Principles of Criminology (4th ed.). J.B. Lippincott.
  • Sykes, G. M., & Matza, D. (1957). Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency. American Sociological Review, 22, 664–670.
  • Tatar, J. R. II., Kaasa, S. O., & Cauffman, E. (2012). Perceptions of procedural justice among female offenders: Time does not heal all wounds. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 18(2), 268–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025118
  • Taylor, T. J., Turner, K. B., Esbensen, F. A., & Winfree Jr, L. T. (2001). Coppin’an attitude: Attitudinal differences among juveniles toward police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29(4), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2352(01)00089-7
  • Tuch, S. A., & Weitzer, R. (1997). Trends: Racial differences in attitudes toward the police. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 61(4), 642–663. doi:10.1086/297822
  • Tyler, T. R. (2004). Enhancing police legitimacy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203262627
  • Tyler, T. R., Fagan, J., & Geller, A. (2014). Street stops and police legitimacy: Teachable moments in young urban men’s legal socialization. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 11(4), 751–785. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12055
  • Tyler, T. R., & Fagan, J. (2008). Why do people cooperate with the police. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 6(1), 231–275.
  • Tyler, T. R., & Huo, Y. J. (2002). Trust in the law: Encouraging public cooperation with the police and the courts. Russell Sage.
  • Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol, 25, 115–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60283-X
  • Tyler, T. R. (1990). Why People Obey the Law. Yale University.
  • Tyler, T. R. (1994). Governing amid diversity: Can fair decision-making procedures bridge competing public interests and values? Law & Society Review, 28(4) , 701–722.
  • Tyler, T. R. (2000). Multiculturalism and the willingness of citizens to defer to law and to legal authorities. Law and Social Inquiry, 25, 983–1019. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2000.tb00314.x
  • Tyler, T. R. (2006). Psychological Perspective on Legitimacy and Legitimation. Ann. Revc. Psychol, 57, 375–400. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190038
  • Vidal, S., Cleary, H., Woolard, J., & Michel, J. (2017). Adolescents’ legal socialization: Effects of interrogation and Miranda knowledge on legitimacy, cynicism, and procedural justice. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 15(4), 419–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204016651479
  • Walters, G. D., & Bolger, P. C. (2019). Procedural justice perceptions, legitimacy beliefs, and compliance with the law: A meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 15(3), 341–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-018-9338-2
  • Ward, J. T., Nobles, M. R., Lanza-Kaduce, L., Levett, L. M., & Tillyer, R. (2011). Caught in Their Own Speed Trap: The Intersection of Speed Enforcement Policy, Police Legitimacy, and Decision Acceptance. Police Quarterly, 14(3), 251–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611111413992
  • Warren, P. Y. (2011). Perceptions of police disrespect during vehicle stops: A race-based analysis. Crime and Delinquency, 57(3), 356–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128708316177
  • Webb, V. J., & Marshall, C. E. (1995). The relative importance of race and ethnicity on citizen attitudes toward the police. Am. J. Police, 14(2), 45–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549510102749
  • Weitzer, R., Tuch, S. A., & Skogan, W. G. (2008). Police–community relations in a majority-Black city. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 45(4), 398–428. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427808322617
  • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (1999). Race, class, and perceptions of discrimination by the police. Crime and Delinquency, 45(4), 494–507. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00962.x
  • Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (2002). Perceptions of racial profiling: Race, class, and personal experience. Criminology, 40(2), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00962.x
  • Weitzer, R. (2000). Racialized Policing: Residents’ Perception in Three Neighborhoods. Law & Society Review, 34(1), 129–155.
  • Wu, Y., Sun, I. Y., & Triplett, R. A. (2009). Race, class or neighborhood context: Which matters more in measuring satisfaction with police? Justice Quarterly, 26(1), 125–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820802119950
  • Zhang, G., Nakamoto, J., & Cerna, R. (2020). Racial and ethnic disparities in youth perceptions of police in the community and school: Considering the effects of multilevel factors. Policing: An International Journal 43(5) 831–844 . https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-05-2020-0075

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.