Activated Carbon Production from Date Stones Using Phosphoric Acid

References

• Abdi , M. A. , Mahdiarfar , M. , Jalilian , A. , Ahmadpour , A. and Mirhabibi , A. R. 2001 . “ Preparation of carbon molecular sieve from a new natural source ” . In Carbon '01, An International Conference on Carbon, Lexington, KY, July 14–19
   Google Scholar
• Abdulkarim , M. A. , Darwish , N. A. , Magdy , Y. M. and Dwaidar , A. 2002 . Adsorption of phenolic compounds and methylene blue onto activated carbon prepared from date fruit pits . Eng. Life Sci. , 2 : 161 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Al-Baker , A. 1972 . Date Palm Baghdad : Al-Any Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Al-Khalid , T. T. 1995 . Production of activated carbon from olive expression residues (Jift) using a fluidized-bed reactor. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
   Google Scholar
• Al-Khalid , T. T. , Haimour , N. M. , Sayed , S. A. and Akash , B. A. 1998 . Activation of olive-seed waste residue using CO2 in a fluidized-bed reactor . Fuel Process. Technol. , 57 : 55 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Qaessi , F. A. H. 2001 . Production of activated carbon from date stones using a fluidized-bed reactor. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
   Google Scholar
• Baçaoui , A. , Yaacoubi , A. , Dahbi , A. , Bennouna , C. , Luu , R. , Maldonado-Hodar , F. , Rivera-Utrilla , J. and Moreno-Castilla , C. 2001 . Optimization of conditions for the preparation of activated carbons from olive-waste cakes . Carbon , 39 : 425 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bansal , R. C. , Donnet , J. B. and Stoeckli , H. F. 1988 . Active Carbon New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Bansode , R. R. , Losso , J. N. , Marshall , W. E. , Rao , R. M. and Portier , R. J. 2003 . Adsorption of volatile organic compounds by pecan shell- and almond shell-based granular activated carbons . Bioresour. Technol. , 90 : 175 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barreveld , W. H. 1993 . Date Palm Products , FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 101 Rome, , Italy : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Benaddi , H. , Legras , D. , Rouzaud , J. N. and Beguin , F. 1998 . Influence of the atmosphere in the chemical activation of wood by phosphoric acid . Carbon , 36 : 306 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevia , F. R. , Rico , D. P. and Gomis , A. F. M. 1984 . Activated carbon from almond shells. Chemical activation. 2. ZnCl2 activation temperature influence . Ind. Eng. Prod. Dev. , 23 : 266 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• Bota , A. , Laszlo , K. , Nagy , L. , Lajos , G. and Copitzky , T. 1997 . Comparative study of active carbons from different precursors . Langmuir , 13 : 6502 – 6509 .
   Google Scholar
• Caturla , F. , Molina-Sabio , M. and Rordriguez-Reinono , F. 1991 . Preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation with ZnCl2 . Carbon , 29 : 999 – 1007 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dastgheib , S. A. and Rockstraw , D. A. 2001 . Pecan shell activated carbon: Synthesis, characterization, and application for the removal of copper from aqueous solution . Carbon , 39 : 1849 – 1855 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dastgheib , S. A. and Rockstraw , D. A. 2002 . A model for the adsorption of single metal ion solutes in aqueous solution onto activated carbon produced from pecan shells . Carbon , 40 : 1843 – 1851 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daza , L. , Mendioroz , S. and Pajares , J. A. 1986 . Preparation of Rh/active carbon catalysts by adsorption in organic media . Carbon , 24 : 33 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , D. G. , York , R. , Tracht , J. , Loveday , P. E. and Williams , F. B. 1993 . “ Steam activation of charcoal: A systematic study of weight and volume losses. ” . In Proceedings of the 5th Carbon Conference 265 – 285 . New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Girgis , B. S. and El-Hendawy , A. 2002 . Porosity development in activated carbons obtained from date pits under chemical activation with phosphoric acid . Microporous Mesoporous Mater. , 52 : 105 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jagtoyen , M. and Derbyshire , F. 1998 . Activated carbons from yellow poplar and white oak by H3PO4 activation . Carbon , 36 : 1085 – 1097 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirubakaran , C. J. , Krishnaiah , K. and Seshadri , S. K. 1991 . Experimental study of the production of the activated carbon from coconut shells in a fluidized bed reactor . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 30 : 2411 – 2416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labruquere , S. , Pailler , R. , Naslain , R. and Desbat , B. 1997 . Enhancement of the oxidation resistance of carbon fibers in C/C composites via surface treatments . Key Eng. Mater , 132–136 : 1938 – 1941 .
   Google Scholar
• Macias-Garcia , A. , Diaz-Diez , M. A. , Gomez-Serrano , V. and Fernandez Gonzalez , M. C. 2003 . Preparation and characterization of activated carbons made up from different woods by chemical activation with H3PO4 . Smart Mater. Struct. , 12 : N24 – N28 .
   Google Scholar
• Moreno-Castilla , C. , Carrasco-Marin , F. , Lopez-Ramon , M. and Alvarez-Merino , M. 2001 . Chemical and physical activation of olive-mill waste water to produce activated carbons . Carbon , 39 : 1415 – 1420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , J. T. and Hansen , R. E. 1978 . “ AWWA ” . In Standard for Powdered Activated Carbon Denver, CO : American National Institute, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Reinoso , F. , Garrido , J. , Martin-Martinez , J. M. , Molina-Sabio , M. and Torregrosa , R. 1989 . The combined use of different approaches in the characterization of microporous carbons . Carbon , 27 : 23 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shawabkeh , R. A. , Rockstraw , D. A. and Bhada , R. K. 2002 . Copper and strontium adsorption by a novel carbon material manufactured from pecan shells . Carbon , 40 : 781 – 786 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toles , C. A. , Marshall , W. E. and Johns , M. M. 1998 . Phosphoric acid activation of nutshells for metals and organic remediation: process optimization . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 72 : 255 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toles , C. A. , Marshall , W. E. , Johns , M. M. , Wartelle , L. H. and McAloon , A. 2000 . Acid-activated carbons from almond shells: Physical, chemical and adsorptive properties and estimated cost of production . Bioresour. Technol. , 71 : 87 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai , W. T. , Chang , C. Y. , Wang , S. Y. , Chang , C. F. , Chien , S. F. and Sun , H. F. 2001 . Utilization of agricultural waste corn cob for the preparation of carbon adsorbent . J. Environ. Sci. Health B , 36 : 677 – 686 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , C.-C. , Walawender , W. P. and Fan , L. T. 1997 . “ Chemical agents for production of activated carbons from extrusion cooked grain products. In: Proceedings of Carbon '97, Extended Abstracts and Program, Vol. II, Carbonization/Industrial/Carbon Growth/Fibers. ” . In Carbon '97, 23rd Biennial Conference on Carbon Pennsylvania : University Park . July 18–23
   Google Scholar