An Analysis of Exhaust Emissions on a Diesel Engine Operation by Biodiesel

References

• Armas , O. , Hernández , J. J. and Cárdenas , M. D. 2006 . Reduction of diesel smoke opacity from vegetable oil methyl esters during transient operation. . Fuel , 85 : 2427 – 2438 .
   Google Scholar
• Booth , M. , Marriott , J. M. and Rivers , K. J. 1993 . Diesel fuel quality in an environmentally-conscious world London : Institution of Mechanical Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Chang , D. Y. Z. , Van Gerpen , J. H. , Lee , I. , Johnson , L. A. , Hammond , E. G. and Marley , S. J. 1996 . Fuel properties and emissions of soybean oil esters as diesel fuel. . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 73 : 1549 – 1555 .
   Google Scholar
• Cowley , L. T. , Jeune , A. L. and Lange , W. W. 1993 . Effect of fuel composition including aromatics control on emissions from a range of heavy-duty diesel engines London : Institution of Mechanical Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Dorado , M. P. , Ballesteros , E. , López , F. J. and Mittelbach , M. 2004 . Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Brassica Carinata oil for biodiesel production. . Energy & Fuel , 18 : 77 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Dunn , R. O. , Shockley , M. W. and Bagby , M. O. 1996 . Improving the low-temperature properties of alternative diesel fuel: Vegetable oil-derived methyl ester. . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 73 : 1719 – 1728 .
   Google Scholar
• Encinar , J. M. , González , J. F. , Rodríguez , J. J. and Tejedor , A. 2002 . Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils: Transesterification of Cynara cardunculus L. oils with ethanol. . Energy & Fuel , 16 : 443 – 450 .
   Google Scholar
• European Environment Agency. 2004 . Impacts of Europe's changing climate. An indicator-based assessment , EEA Report No 2/2004 Copenhagen : EEA .
   Google Scholar
• Huzayyin , A. S. , Bawady , A. H. , Rady , M. A. and Dawood , A. 2004 . Experimental evaluation of diesel engine performance and emission using blends of jojoba oil and diesel fuel. . Energy Convers. Mgmt. , 45 : 2093 – 2112 .
   Google Scholar
• İlkiliç , C. and Yücesu , H. S. 2005 . Investigation of the effect of sunflower oil methyl ester on the performance of a diesel engine. . Energy Sources , 27 : 1225 – 1234 .
   Google Scholar
• İlkiliç , C. 2009 . Emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled by 25% sunflower oil methyl ester and 75% diesel fuel blend. . Energy Sources, Part A , 31 : 480 – 491 .
   Google Scholar
• Körbitz , W. 1999 . Biodiesel production in Europe and North America, an encouraging prospect. . Renew. Energy , 16 : 1078 – 1083 .
   Google Scholar
• Krishna , M. V. S. M. , Prasad , C. M. V. , Murthy , P. V. K. and Reddy , T. R. 2004 . Studies on pollution levels from low heat rejection diesel engine with vegetable oil-pongamia oil. . Indian J. Environ. Protec. , 24 : 420 – 425 .
   Google Scholar
• Labeckas , G. and Slavinskas , S. 2006 . The effect of rapeseed oil methyl ester on direct injection Diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions. . Energy Convers. Mgmt. , 47 : 1954 – 1967 .
   Google Scholar
• Labeckas , G. and Slavinskas , S. 2005 . Performance and exhaust emissions of direct-injection diesel engine operating on rapeseed oil and its blends with diesel fuel. . Transport , 20 : 186 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• Ma , F. and Hanna , M. A. 1999 . Biodiesel production: A review. . Biosources Tech. , 70 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Mahajan , S. , Konar , S. K. and Boocock , D. G. B. 2006 . Standard biodiesel from soybean oil by a single chemical reaction. . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 83 : 641 – 644 .
   Google Scholar
• Megahed , O. A. , Abdallah , R. I. and Nabil , D. 2004 . Rapeseed oil esters as diesel engine fuel. . Energy Sources , 26 : 119 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Mittelbach , M. and Enzelsberger , H. 1999 . Transesterification of heated rapeseed oil for extending diesel fuel. . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 76 : 545 – 550 .
   Google Scholar
• Nagaraj , A. M. and Prabhu , K. G. P. 2002 . Emission and performance characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition engine operating on esterified rice bran vegetable oil and diesel fuel. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Internal Combustion Engine Division (Publication). . ICE , 39 : 389 – 394 .
   Google Scholar
• Noureddini , H. and Zhu , D. 1997 . Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil. . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 74 : 1457 – 1463 .
   Google Scholar
• Nwafor , O. M. I. 2004 . Emission characteristics of diesel engine running on vegetable oil with elevated fuel inlet temperature. . Biomass & Bioenergy , 27 : 507 – 511 .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , C. L. , Taberski , J. S. , Thompson , J. C. and Chase , C. L. 2000 . The effect of biodiesel feedstock on regulated emissions in chassis dynamometer tests of a pickup truck. . Trans. Am. Soc. Agri. Eng. , 43 : 1371 – 1381 .
   Google Scholar
• Pugazhvadivu , M. and Jeyachandran , K. 2005 . Investigations on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using preheated waste frying oil as fuel. . Renew. Energy , 30 : 2189 – 2202 .
   Google Scholar
• Ramadhas , A. S. , Jayaraj , S. and Muraleedharan , C. 2005 . Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil. . Fuel , 84 : 335 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Rivers , K. J. , Poassen , C. W. C. , Booth , M. and Marriott , J. M. 1993 . Future diesel fuel quality—Balancing requirements London : Institution of Mechanical Engineers .
   Google Scholar
• Romig , C. and Spataru , A. 1996 . Emissions and engine performance from blends of soya and canola methyl ester with ARB 2 diesel in a DDC 6V92TA MUI engine. . Biores. Tech. , 56 : 25 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Schuchardt , U. , Sercheli , R. and Vargas , R. M. 1998 . Transesterification of vegetable oils: A review. . J. Brazilian Chem. Soc. , 9 : 199 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• Schumacher , L. G. , Soylu , S. , Van Gerpen , J. and Wetherell , W. 2005 . Fueling direct injected diesel engines with 2% biodiesel blend. . Appl. Eng. Agri. , 21 : 149 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Wigley , T. M. L. 2005 . The climate change commitment. . Science , 307 : 1766 – 1769 .
   Google Scholar
• Zaher , F. A. 2003 . Esters of sunflower oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. . Energy Sources , 25 : 1015 – 1022 .
   Google Scholar