233
Views
25
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Experimental Analysis of Consumption and Exhaust Emissions of Gasoline and LPG in Car Engines Under Cold Climatic Conditions

, &
Pages 244-253 | Received 27 Sep 2008, Accepted 02 Apr 2009, Published online: 23 Oct 2010

References

  • ALPGA. 1998 . Liquefied petroleum gas as an automotive fuel—an environmental and technical perspective Sydney , , Australia : Parpmons Australia Pty Ltd. for the Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association .
  • Badr , O. , Alsayed , N. and Manaf , M. 1998 . A parametric study on the lean misfiring and knocking limits of gas-fuelled spark ignition engines. . Appl. Thermal Eng. , 18 : 579 – 594 .
  • Bayraktar , H. and Durgun , O. 1998 . “ The effects of using gaseous fuels on engine combustion and performance. ” . In Proceedings of the Sixth Combustion Symposium 273 – 285 . Istanbul , , Turkey July 19–21, (in Turkish)
  • Bayraktar , H. and Durgun , O. 2003 . “ Theoretical investigation of using LPG in spark-ignition engines. ” . In Proceedings of the First Aegean Energy Symposium and Exhibition 284 – 289 . Denizli , , Turkey May 22–24, (in Turkish)
  • Bayraktar , H. and Durgun , O. 2005 . Investigating the effects of LPG on spark ignition engine combustion and performance. . Energy Convers. Mgmt. , 46 : 2317 – 2333 .
  • Beer , T. , Grant , B. , Williams , D. and Watson , H. 2002 . Fuel-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from alternative fuels in Australian heavy vehicles. . Atmos. Environ. , 36 : 753 – 763 .
  • Chang , C. C. , Lo , J. G. and Wang , J. L. 2001 . Assessment of reducing ozone forming potential for vehicles using liquefied petroleum gas as an alternative fuel. . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 6201 – 6211 .
  • Dagaut , P. and Ali , H. 2003 . Kinetics of oxidation of a LPG blend mixture in a JSR: Experimental and modeling study. . Fuel , 82 : 475 – 480 .
  • Durgun , O. 1988 . Alternative engine fuels. . J. Eng. Mach , 336 : 24 – 27 . (in Turkish)
  • Ergeneman , M. , Mutlu , M. , Kutlari , O. A. and Arslan , H. 1998 . The Emissions Sourced by Vehicle Exhaust. Istanbul : Birsen Publications (in Turkish). .
  • Ergeneman , M. and Sorusbay , C. 1996 . Gasoline fueled vehicles' transformation to LPG. . Muhendis-Makine , 441 : 25 – 36 . (in Turkish)
  • Fiat-Tofas. 1995 . Fiat-Tofas Dogan Vehicle Usage and Maintenance, User's Manual (in Turkish)
  • Heywood , J. B. 1988 . Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals New York : McGraw-Hill. .
  • Johnson , E. 2003 . LPG: A secure, cleaner transport fuel: A policy recommendation for Europe. . Energy Policy , 31 : 1573 – 1577 .
  • Lim , M. C. H. , Ayokoa , G. A. , Morawskaa , L. , Ristovskia , Z. D. , Jayaratnea , E. R. and Kokotb , S. 2006 . A comparative study of the elemental composition of the exhaust emissions of cars powered by liquefied petroleum gas and unleaded petrol. . Atmos. Environ. , 40 : 3111 – 3122 .
  • MMO (Mechanical Engineers Association). 1999 . LPG transformation on vehicles. Publication No: 217 13 – 17 . Ankara : MMO Publications (in Turkish) .
  • MMO (Mechanical Engineers Association). 2000 . “ LPG transformation. Publication No: E/2001/257, MMO Publications. ” . In Proceedings of LPG-Automotive Gas Symposium Istanbul , , Turkey December 16 (in Turkish)
  • Safgonul , B. , Ergeneman , M. , Arslan , E. and Sorusbay , C. 1995 . Internal Combustion Engines Istanbul : Birsen Publications (in Turkish) .
  • Selim , M. Y. E. 2004 . Sensitivity of dual fuel engine combustion and knocking limits to gaseous fuel composition. . Energy Convers. Mgmt. , 45 : 411 – 425 .
  • Tanaka , M. , Warashina , M. , Itano , Y. , Tsujimoto , Y. and Oakamatsu , S. 2001 . Effects of superlight-duty gasoline and LPG fueled cars on 16 ambient hydrocarbons at roadsides in Japan. . Chemosphere , 3 : 199 – 207 .
  • Thring , R. H. 1983 . Alternative Fuels for Spark-Ignition Engines , SAE Paper No. 831685 4715 – 4725 .
  • TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute). 2008a . Number of road motor vehicles by model years. Transportation Statistics Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=357
  • TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute). 2008b . Number of road motor vehicles by kind of fuel used. Transportation Statistics Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=356
  • TUPRAS. 1996 . Product Specification Turkey (in Turkish)

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.