Bio-lubricant as an Alternative to Mineral Oil for a CI Engine—An Experimental Investigation with Pongamia Oil as a Lubricant

References

• Agarwal , A. K. 2007 . Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines . Progr. Energy & Combus. Sci. , 33 : 233 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal , A. K. and Rajamanoharan , K. 2009 . Experimental investigations of performance and emissions of Karanja oil and its blends in a single cylinder agricultural diesel engine . Appl. Energy , 86 : 106 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal , D. , Kumar , L. and Agarwal , A. K. 2008 . Performance evaluation of a vegetable oil fuelled compression ignition engine . Renew. Energy , 33 : 1147 – 1156 .
   Google Scholar
• American Chemical Society . 2007 . Lubrication oil pollutes, even in hydrogen-fueled vehicles. Science Daily Available from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071001100109.htm(accessed on January 5, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Barriga , J. , Kalin , M. , Van Acker , K. , Vercammen , K. , Ortega , A. and Leiaristi , L. 2006 . Tribological performance of titanium doped and pure DLC coatings combined with a synthetic bio-lubricant . Wear , 261 : 9 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Bekal , S. and Ashok Babu , T. P. 2008 . Bio-fuel variants for use in CI engine at design and off-design regimes: An experimental analysis . Fuel , 87 : 3550 – 3561 .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , P. J. , Linna , J. R. and Malberg , H. 1997 . The effect of lubricant composition on vehicle exhaust emissions Stanford , CA : High Wire Press. . SAE Paper No. 972930
   Google Scholar
• Demirbas , A. 2009 . Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels . Energy Convers. Manage. , 50 : 14 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Gawrilow , I. 2003 . Interfacing with the global oils and fats business. Palm Oil Usage in Lubricants Available from http://www.americanpalmoil.com(accessed on December 5, 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Gui , M. M. , Lee , K. T. and Bhatia , S. 2008 . Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock . Energy , 33 : 1646 – 1653 .
   Google Scholar
• Igartua , A. , Fernandez , X. , Areitioaurtena , O. , Luther , R. , Seyfert , C. and Rausch , J. 2009 . Biolubricants and triboreactive materials for automotive applications . Tribology Int. , 42 : 561 – 568 .
   Google Scholar
• Lathi , P. S. and Mattiasson , B. 2007 . Green approach for the preparation of biodegradable lubricant base stock from epoxidized vegetable oil . Appl. Catal. B: Environ. , 69 : 207 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , A. L. , Stipe , C. B. , Habjan , M. C. and Gilbert , A. G. 2007 . Role of lubrication oil in particulate emissions from a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine . Environ. Sci. & Technol. , 41 : 6828 – 6835 .
   Google Scholar
• Shahid , E. M. and Jamal , J. 2008 . A review of biodiesel as vehicular fuel . Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 12 : 2484 – 2494 .
   Google Scholar
• Ssempebwa , J. C. and Carpenter , D. O. 2009 . The generation, use and disposal of waste crankcase oil in developing countries: A case for Kampala district of Uganda . Hazard. Mater. , 161 : 835 – 841 .
   Google Scholar
• Tung , S. C. and McMillan , M. L. 2004 . Automotive tribology overview of current advances and challenges for the future . Tribology Int. , 37 : 517 – 536 .
   Google Scholar
• Vaaraslahti , K. , Keskinen , J. , Giechaskiel , B. , Solla , A. , Murtonen , T. and Vesala , H. 2005 . Effect of lubricant on the formation of heavy-duty diesel exhaust nanoparticles . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 8497 – 8504 .
   Google Scholar