Solidification of simulated sodium nitrate liquid wastes and ion-exchange resins by sodium silicate-activated slag cements

References

• Abdel Rahman, R. O., R. Z. Rakhimov, N. R. Rakhimova, and M. I. Ojovan. 2015. Cementitious materials for nuclear waste immobilization. Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Ben Haha, M., G. Le Saout, F. Winnefeld, and B. Lothenbach. 2001. Influence of activator type on hydration kinetics, hydrate assemblage and microstructural development of alkali activated blast-furnace slags. Cement and Concrete Research 41:301–10. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.016.
   Google Scholar
• Cau Dit Coumes, C., and S. Courtois. 2003. Cementation of a low-level radioactive waste of complex chemistry: Investigation of the combined action of borate, chloride, sulfate and phosphate on cement hydration using response surface methodology. Cement and Concrete Research 33:305–16. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00943-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cau-dit-Coumes, C. 2013. Alternative binders to ordinary Portland cement for radwaste solidification and stabilization. In Cement-based materials for nuclear waste storage, ed. F. Bart, C. Cau-dit-Coumes, F. Frizon, and S. Lorente, 171–93. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Chartier, D., D. Avril, C. Roussel, J.-N. Pineau, and J. Sanchez-Canet. 2014. Cement waste form development for ion- exchange resins and fine particles ILW of AREVA La Hague Reprocessing Plant. Proceedings of 2 nd International Symposium on cement-based materials for nuclear waste, Avignon, 45–51. doi:10.1007/s00232-013-9609-9.
   Google Scholar
• EN 196-3. 1987. Methods of testing cement, Determination of setting time and soundness. Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardisation (CEN).
   Google Scholar
• Epimahov, V. N., and M. S. Olejnik. 2005. Radioactive ion exchange resin inclusion into inorganic binder. Atomic Energy 99 (3):171–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Jiménez, A., F. Puertas, I. Sobrados, and J. Sanz. 2003. Structure of calcium silicate hydrates formed in alkaline-activated slag: Influence of the type of alkaline activator. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (8):1389–94. doi:10.1111/jace.2003.86.issue-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frizon, F., C. Cau Dit Coumes, D. Lambertin, and A. Poulesquen. 2015. New binders, new trends, new potentialities in waste cementation. WM2015 Conference, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Lodeiro, I., A. Palomo, A. Fernández-Jiménez, and D. E. Macphee. 2011. Compatibility studies between N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels. Study in the ternary diagram Na2O–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O. Cement and Concrete Research 41:923–31. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IAEA-TECDOC-1701. 2013. Behaviour of cementitious materials in long-term storage and disposal of radioactive waste. Vienna: IAEA.
   Google Scholar
• Kryvenko, P., H. Cao, O. Petropavlovskyi, L. Weng, and O. Kovalchuk. 2015. Applicability of alkali-activated cement for immobilization of low-level radioactive waste in ion-exchange resins. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technology 1/6 (79):40–45.
   Google Scholar
• Le Bescop, P., P. Bouniol, and M. Jorda. 1990. Immobilization in cement of ion exchange resins. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 176:183–89. doi:10.1557/PROC-176-183.
   Google Scholar
• Lecomte, I., C. Henrist, M. Liégeois, F. Maseri, A. Rulmont, and R. Cloots. 2006. (Micro)-structural comparison between geopolymers, alkali-activated slag cement and Portland cement. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 26:3789–97. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.12.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., and J. Wang. 2006. Advances in cement solidification technology for waste radioactive ion exchange resins: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials B135:443–48. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.053.
   Google Scholar
• Li, R., J. Zhu, W. Zhou, X. Cheng, and Y. Li. 2016. Thermal compatibility of sodium nitrate/Expanded perlite composite phase change materials. Applied Thermal Engineering 103:452–58. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.03.108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natsuda, M., and T. Nishi. 1992. Solidification of ion exchange resins using new cementitious material. (1) swelling pressure of ion exchange resin. Journal of Nuclear Science Technology 29:883–89. doi:10.1080/18811248.1992.9731608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojovan, M. I., and W. E. Lee. 2007. New developments in glassy nuclear wasteforms. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Olejnik, M. S., V. N. Epimahov, and V. V. Trofimov. 2010. Inclusion of radioactive ion-exchange resins into slag binder. Radiochemistry 52 (6):516.
   Google Scholar
• Puertas, F., and A. Fernández-Jiménez. 2003. Mineralogical and microstructural characterization of alkali-activated fly ash/slag pastes. Cement and Concrete Composites 25:287–92. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00059-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puertas, F., A. Fernández-Jiménez, and M. T. Blanco-Varela. 2004. Pore solution in alkali-activated slag cements pastes. Relation to the composition and structure of calcium silicate hydrate. Cement and Concrete Research 34:139–48. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00254-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puertas, F., M. Palacios, H. Manzano, J. S. Dolado, A. Rico, and J. Rodríguez. 2011. A model for the C-A-S-H gel formed in alkali-activated slag cements. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 31:2043–56. doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.04.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puertas, F., and M. Torres-Carrasco. 2014. Use of glass waste as an activator in the preparation of alkali-activated slag. Mechanical strength and paste characterisation. Cement and Concrete Research 57:95–104. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.12.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakhimova, N. R., R. Z. Rakhimov, Y. N. Osin, N. I. Naumkina, A. M. Gubaidullina, G. I. Yakovlev, and A. V. Shaybadullina. 2015. Solidification of nitrate solutions with alkali-activated slag and slag–Metakaolin cements. Journal of Nuclear Materials 457:186–95. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, H.-M., C. Cai, C.-B. Leng, S.-F. Pang, and Y.-H. Zhang. 2016. Nucleation kinetics in mixed NaNO3/Glycerol droplets investigated with the FTIR-ATR technique. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 120 (11):2913–20. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Q., J. Li, and J. Wang. 2011. Solidification of borate radioactive resins using sulfoaluminate cement blending with zeolite. Nuclear Engineering and Design 241:5308–15. doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.08.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S.-D., and K. L. Scrivener. 1995. Hydration products of alkali activated slag cement. Cement and Concrete Research 25:561–71. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(95)00045-E.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar