References
- Adánez, J., A. Abad, T. Mendiara, P. Gayán, L. F. de Diego, and F. García-Labiano. 2018. Chemical Looping Combustion of Solid Fuels. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 65:6–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2017.07.005.
- Adanez, J., A. Abad, F. Garcia-Labiano, P. Gayan, and L. F. De Diego. 2012. Progress in Chemical-Looping Combustion and Reforming Technologies. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 38 (2):215–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2011.09.001.
- Alper, E., and O. Y. Orhan. 2017. CO2 Utilization: Developments in Conversion Processes. Petroleum 3:109–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2016.11.003.
- Anderson, J., D. Drury, J. Hamlin, and A. Kent. 1989. Process for the Preparation of Formic Acid, United States Patent Number 4855496.
- C2ES. 2016. Global Emissions: Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. 1–12. Accessed December 24, 2018. https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gwps.html.
- Chauvy, R., N. Meunier, D. Thomas, and D. W. Guy. 2018. Selecting Emerging CO2 Utilization Products for Short to Mid-Term Deployment. Applied Energy 236:662–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.096.
- Cormos, A. M., and C. Cristian Cormos. 2014. Investigation of Hydrogen and Power Co-Generation Based on Direct Coal Chemical Looping Systems. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39 (5):2067–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.11.123.
- Cormos, C. C. 2011. Hydrogen Production from Fossil Fuels with Carbon Capture and Storage Based on Chemical Looping Systems. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36 (10):5960–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.01.170.
- Demirel, Y., M. Matzen, C. Winters, and X. Gao. 2014. Capturing and Using CO2 as Feedstock with Chemical Looping and Hydrothermal Technologies. International Journal of Energy Research 39 (8):1011–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3277.
- DNV. 2011. Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 - Opportunities and Challenges. Accessed January 23, 2019. https://issuu.com/dnv.com/docs/dnv-position_paper_co2_utilization.
- Energy. 2017. BP Statistical Review of World Energy - June 2017. Accessed December 12, 2018. https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html.
- EPA-14. 2013. Global Emissions by Gas - Environmental Protection Agency. 1–8. Accessed December 24, 2018. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/global.html.
- Fan, L.-S. 2010. Chemical Looping Systems for Fossil Energy Conversion. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA.
- Formic Acid Marke. 2018. Formic Acid Market - Segmented by Grade Type, Application, and Geography - Growth, Trends and Forecasts (2019-2024). Accessed January 22, 2019. https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/formic-acid-market.
- Formic Acid Market. 2019a. Formic Acid Market: Types (Grades of 85%, 94%, 99%, and Others) by Application (Agriculture, Leather & Textile, Rubber, Chemical & Pharmaceuticals, & Others) & Region – Forecast (2018-2023). Accessed January 23, 2019. https://industryarc.com/Report/16444/formic-acid-market.html/summary.
- Formic Acid Market. 2019b. Formic Acid Market Worth $618,808.7 Thousand by 2019. Accessed January 20, 2019. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/formic-acid.asp.
- Gnanapragasam, N. V., B. V. Reddy, and M. A. Rosen. 2009. Hydrogen Production from Coal Using Coal Direct Chemical Looping and Syngas Chemical Looping Combustion Systems: Assessment of System Operation and Resource Requirements. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 (6):2606–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.036.
- Hanak, D. P., C. Biliyok, H. Yeung, and B. Ryszard. 2014. Heat Integration and Exergy Analysis for a Supercritical High-Ash Coal-Fired Power Plant Integrated with a Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Process. Fuel 134:126–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.036.
- He, F., N. Galinsky, and L. Fanxing. 2013. Chemical Looping Gasification of Solid Fuels Using Bimetallic Oxygen Carrier Particles - Feasibility Assessment and Process Simulations. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38 (19):7839–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.04.054.
- Hladiy, S., M. Starchevskyy, Y. Pazderskyy, and Y. Lastovyak 2004. Method for Production of Formic Acid, United States Patent Number 6713649 B1.
- IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full_wcover.pdf.
- Karmakar, S., and A. K. Kolar. 2011. Thermodynamic Analysis of High-Ash Coal-Fired Power Plant with Carbon Dioxide Capture. International Journal of Energy Research 37 (6):522–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1931.
- Karmakar, S., M. V. J. J. Suresh, and A. K. Kolar. 2013. The Effect of Advanced Steam Parameter-Based Coal-Fired Power Plants with CO2 capture on the Indian Energy Scenario. International Journal of Green Energy 10 (10):1011–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2012.729171.
- Koytsoumpa, E. I., C. Bergins, and E. Kakaras. 2018. The CO2 Economy : Review of CO2 Capture and Reuse Technologies. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 132:3–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.029.
- Li, B., Y. Duan, D. Luebke, and B. Morreale. 2013. Advances in CO2 Capture Technology : A Patent Review. Applied Energy 102:1439–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.009.
- Luo, M., Y. Yi, S. Wang, Z. Wang, M. Du, J. Pan, and Q. Wang. 2018. Review of Hydrogen Production Using Chemical-Looping Technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81 (Part 2):3186–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.007.
- Luo, S., S. Bayham, L. Zeng, O. McGiveron, E. Chung, A. Majumder, and L.-S. Fan. 2014. Conversion of Metallurgical Coke and Coal Using a Coal Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL) Moving Bed Reactor. Applied Energy 118:300–08. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.068.
- Mantra. 2015. Mantra Releases Update on Demonstration Projects. February 2015. Online News. Accessed January 23, 2019. https://www.marketscreener.com/MANTRA-VENTURE-GROUP-LTD-11095543/news/Mantra-Venture-Releases-Update-on-Demonstration-Projects-19806540/.
- Matzen, M., M. Alhajji, and Y. Demirel. 2015. Chemical Storage of Wind Energy by Renewable Methanol Production: Feasibility Analysis Using a Multi-Criteria Decision Matrix. Energy 93:343–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.043.
- Matzen, M., J. Pinkerton, X. Wang, and Y. Demirel. 2017. Use of Natural Ores as Oxygen Carriers in Chemical Looping Combustion: A Review. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 65:(August):1–14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.08.008.
- Moghtaderi, B. 2011. Review of the Recent Chemical Looping Process Developments for Novel Energy and Fuel Applications. Energy and Fuels 26 (1):15–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/ef201303d.
- Mukherjee, S., P. Kumar, A. Yang, and P. Fennell. 2015. A Systematic Investigation of the Performance of Copper-, Cobalt-, Iron-, Manganese- and Nickel-Based Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Combustion Technology through Simulation Models. Chemical Engineering Science 130:79–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2015.03.009.
- Ozcan, H., and I. Dincer. 2014. Thermodynamic Analysis of a Combined Chemical Looping-Based Trigeneration System. Energy Conversion and Management 85:477–87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.06.011.
- Pérez-Fortes, M., J. C. Schöneberger, A. Boulamanti, G. Harrison, and E. Tzimas. 2016. Formic Acid Synthesis Using CO2 as Raw Material: Techno-Economic and Environmental Evaluation and Market Potential. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41 (37):16444–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.199.
- Pillai, B. B. K., G. D. Surywanshi, V. S. Patnaikuni, S. B. Anne, and R. Vooradi. 2019. Performance Analysis of a Double Calcium Looping‐Integrated Biomass‐fired Power Plant: Exploring a Carbon Reduction Opportunity. International Journal of Energy Research 43 (10): 5301–5318. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4520.
- Schaub, T., D. Fries, R. Paciello, and K. Mohl. 2014. Process for Preparing Formic Acid by Reaction of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrogen, United States Patent Number 8791297 B2.
- Spallina, V., M. C. Romano, P. Chiesa, F. Gallucci, M. V. S. Annaland, and G. Lozza. 2014. Integration of Coal Gasification and Packed Bed CLC for High Efficiency and Near-Zero Emission Power Generation. Energy Procedia 27 (1):662–70.
- Suresh, M. V. J. J., K. S. Reddy, and A. K. Kolar. 2010. 3-E Analysis of Advanced Power Plants Based on High Ash Coal. International Journal of Energy Research 34:716–35.
- Wang, K., X. Tian, and H. Zhao. 2016. Sulfur Behavior in Chemical-Looping Combustion Using a Copper Ore Oxygen Carrier. Applied Energy 166:84–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.011.
- Wang, X., and Y. Demirel. 2018. Feasibility of Power and Methanol Production by an Entrained-Flow Coal Gasification System. Energy and Fuels 32 (7):7595–610. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03958.
- Yan, J., and Z. Zhang. 2019. Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS). Applied Energy 235:1289–99. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.019.
- Zeng, L., H. Feng, L. Fanxing, and L.-S. Fan. 2012. Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Gasification for Hydrogen Production : Reactor Modeling and Process Simulation. Energy & Fuels 26:3680–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/ef3003685.