Changes in the composition of heavy oil during thermolysis in the presence of molten sodium without hydrogen

References

• Aitani, A. M., M. F. Ali, and H. H. Al-Ali. 2000. A review of non-conventional methods for the desulfurization of residual fuel oil. Petroleum Science and Technology 18 (5–6):537–53. doi:10.1080/10916460008949859.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alemán-Vázquez, L. O., P. Torres-Mancera, J. Ancheyta, and R.-S. Joel. 2016. On the use of hydrogen donors for partial upgrading of heavy petroleum. Energy & Fuels: An American Chemical Society Journal 30 (11):9050–60. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ancheyta, J. 2013. Modeling of processes and reactors for upgrading of heavy petroleum. 524. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, New Yok.
   Google Scholar
• Arcelus-Arrillaga, P., J. L. Pinilla, K. Hellgardt, and M. Millan. 2017. application of water in hydrothermal conditions for upgrading heavy oils: A review. Energy & Fuels : An American Chemical Society Journal 31 (5):4571–87. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird, W. C., Jr., R. Bearden Jr., and T. H. Ledford 1978. Hydroconversion with group IA, IIA metal compounds. U.S. Patent: 4127470 A, Now 28
   Google Scholar
• Brons, G., R. D. Myers, and R. Bearden Jr. 1999. Continuous in-situ combination process for upgrading of heavy oil. U.S. Patent: 5935421 A, Aug 10.
   Google Scholar
• Brons, G., R. D. Myers, R. Bearden Jr., and J. B. MacLeod. 2001. Process for desulfurization of petroleum feeds using sodium metal. U.S. Patent: 6210564 B1, April 3.
   Google Scholar
• Castañeda, L. C., J. A. D. Muñoz, and J. Ancheyta. 2014. Current situation of emerging technologies for upgrading of heavy oils. Catalysis Today 220–222:248–73. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2013.05.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirbas, A., H. Alidrisi, and M. A. Balubaid. 2015. API gravity, sulfur content, and desulfurization of crude oil. Petroleum Science and Technology 33:93–101. doi:10.1080/10916466.2014.950383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, J. H. 2013. Post retort, pre hydro-treat upgrading of shale oil, 41. Salt Lake City, UT: Ceramatec, Inc. United States Department of Energy.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, J. Н. 2016. Converting refinery bottoms to valuable low sulfur bunker fuel for the shipping industry. World Heavy Oil Congress, Calgary, Alberta, Canada 6–9 (Sept.):1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Gould, K. A. 2007. On the contrary showed that the degree of conversion of thermally stable sulfur-containing compounds in the reaction with alkali metal does not depend on the presence of hydrogen; it is rather determined by the nature of solvent in the experiments. Natural hydrogen donors in petroleum resids. Energy & Fuels: An American Chemical Society Journal 21 (3):1199–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javadli, R., A. de Klerk. Desulfurization of heavy oil. 2012.Applied Petrochemical Research1 (1–4):3–19. doi:10.1007/s13203-012-0006-6.
   Google Scholar
• Khadzhiev, S. N. 2016. Nanoheterogeneous catalysis: Definition, state and research prospects (Review). Petroleum Chemistry 56 (6):465–79. doi:10.1134/S0965544116060050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosachev, I. P., D. N. Borisov, M. R. Yakubov, A. I. Shamsullin, and T. S. Aynullov. 2019. Variation of heavy oil composition during thermolysis with the addition of kerosene fraction of hydrocracking in flow reactor. Petroleum Science and Technology 37 (3):323–28. doi:10.1080/10916466.2018.1542446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosachev, I. P., D. N. Borisov, S. G. Yakubova, N. A. Mironov, and M. R. Yakubov. 2018. Composition of the products of thermolysis of heavy oil with the addition of light hydrocracked naphtha. Petroleum Science and Technology 36 (20):1684–90. doi:10.1080/10916466.2018.1504069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakhova, A., S. Petrov, D. Ibragimova, G. Kayukova, F. Safiulina, F. Shinkarev, and R. Okekwe. 2017. Aquathermolysis of heavy oil using nano oxides of metals. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 153 (5):385–90. doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2017.02.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lateef, S. A., A. O. Oluwole, and A. S. Onaizi. 2019. Enzymatic desulfurization of crude oil and its fractions: A mini review on the recent progresses and challenges. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s13369-019-03800-2.
   Google Scholar
• Lyapina, N. K. 1984. Chemistry and physical chemistry of organic sulfur compounds of petroleum distillates, 120. Moscow: Nauka .
   Google Scholar
• Ongarbayev, Y. K., A. K. Golovko, E. B. Krivtsov, Y. I. Imanbayev, E. Tileuberdi, B. Tuleutaev, and Z. A. Mansurov. 2016. Thermocatalytic cracking of the natural bitumens of Kazakhstan. Solid Fuel Chemistry 50 (2):81–87. doi:10.3103/S0361521916020063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittalis, M., U. Azzena, and L. Pisano. 2013. Active-alkali metal promoted reductive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene and its hindered analogues. Tetrahedron 69:207–11. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solat, U. S., and K. Ahmed. 2016. Methods for desulfurization of crude oil-a review. Science International 28 (2):1169–73.
   Google Scholar
• Song, Z., M. Wang, B. D. Batts, and X. Xiao. 2005. Hydrous pyrolysis transformation of organic sulfur compounds: Part 1. Reactivity and chemical changes. Organic Geochemistry 36:1523–32. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Z., and S. Wang. 2012. Hydrous pyrolysis of organic sulfur compounds: Species and distribution of secondary derivatives. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 95:171–79. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2012.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speight, J. G. 2013. Heavy and extra-heavy oil upgrading technologies, 176. Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier, CD&W Inc.,Laramie, Wyoming, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Styles, Y., and A. de Klerk. 2016. Sodium conversion of oilsands bitumen-derived asphaltenes. Energy & Fuels : An American Chemical Society Journal. Special Issue: 65th Canadian Engineering Conference. Received: January 15, 2016; Revised: March 1, 201. doi:10.1021/asc.energyfuels.6b00106.
   Google Scholar
• Suter, C. M. 1944. The organic chemistry of sulfur, 858. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Yakubov, M. R., D. N. Borisov, N. U. Maganov, R. D. Rempel, T. S. Ainullov, R. Z. Sakhabutdinov, and S. N. Sudykin. 2016. Novel approaches and prospects for upgrading of extra-viscous oil via thermolysis under various conditions. Oil Industry 5:74–76.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, Z., and J. G. Verkade. 1999. Desulfurization of organosulfur compounds with lithium and sodium. Energy & Fuels: An American Chemical Society Journal 13 (1):23–28. doi:10.1021/ef9800260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar