140
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Investigation of energy consumption system and environmental pollutants in the spinach (Spinacia oleracea) production process through life cycle assessment method

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 8878-8889 | Received 05 Jul 2022, Accepted 02 Sep 2022, Published online: 26 Sep 2022

References

  • Allali, K., B. Dhehibi, S. N. Kassam, and A. Aw-Hassan. 2017. Energy consumption in onion and potato production within the province of El Hajeb (Morocco): Towards energy use efficiency in commercialized vegetable production. The Journal of Agricultural Science 9 (1):118–27.
  • Anonymous. 2019a. Annual agricultural statistics of Isfahan province in Iran [In Persian].
  • Anonymous. 2019b. Annual agricultural statistics, ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture of Iran [In Persian].
  • Brentrup, F., J. Küsters, H. Kuhlmann, and J. Lammel. 2004. Environmental impact assessment of agricultural production systems using the life cycle assessment methodology: I. Theoretical concept of a LCA method tailored to crop production. European Journal of Agronomy 20 (3):247–64. doi:10.1016/S1161-0301(03)00024-8.
  • Brentrup, F., & C. Pallière, 2010. Nitrogen use efficiency as an agro-environmental indicator. In Proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Agrienvironmental Indicators, 21 March 2010, London, (pp. 23–26).
  • Cellura, M., S. Longo, and M. Mistretta. 2012. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of protected crops: An Italian case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 28:56–62‏. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.10.021.
  • Cochran, W. G. 1977. Sampling techniques. third ed. New York. USA: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Elhami, B., M. Ghasemi Nejad Raeini, M. Taki, A. Marzban, M. Heidarisoltanabadi, S. Grimbuhler, O. Grünberger, S. Lissalde, N. Mazella, and A. Samouëlian. 2022. Pesticide and agro-ecological transition: Assessing the environmental and human impacts of pesticides and limiting their use. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29 (1):1–24.‏. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17416-3.
  • Elhami, B., M. Ghasemi Nejad Raini, and F. Soheili-Fard. 2019a. Energy and environmental indices through life cycle assessment of raisin production: A case study (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran). Renew Energy 141:507–15. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.034.
  • Elhami, B., M. Ghasemi Nejad Raini, M. Taki, A. Marzban, and M. Heidarisoltanabadi. 2021. Analysis and comparison of energy-economic-environmental cycle in two cultivation methods (seeding and transplanting) for onion production (case study: Central parts of Iran). Renewable Energy 178:875–90‏. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.06.117.
  • Elhami, B., S. Shahvaroughi Farahani, and A. Marzban. 2019b. Improvement of energy efficiency and environmental impacts of rainbow trout in Iran. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2:13–27. doi:10.1016/j.aiia.2019.06.002.
  • Esmaeilzadeh, S., M. R. Asgharipour, and B. Khoshnevisan. 2020. Water footprint and life cycle assessment of edible onion production-A case study in Iran. Scientia Horticulturae 261:108925‏. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108925.
  • FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation). 2020. http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/I9540EN.pdf
  • Fathollahi, H., S. H. Mousavi-Avval, A. Akram, and S. Rafiee. 2018. Comparative energy, economic and environmental analyses of forage production systems for dairy farming. Journal of Cleaner Production 182:852–62. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.073.
  • Foppa Pedretti, E., K. A. Boakye-Yiadom, E. Valentini, A. Ilari, and D. Duca. 2021. Life cycle assessment of spinach Produced in central and Southern Italy. Sustainability 13 (18):10001‏. doi:10.3390/su131810001.
  • Heidari, M. D., and M. Omid. 2011. Energy use patterns and econometric models of major greenhouse vegetable productions in Iran. Energy 36 (1):220–5‏. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2010.10.048.
  • Hokazono, S., and K. Hayashi. 2012. Variability in environmental impacts during conversion from conventional to organic farming: A comparison among three rice production systems in Japan. Journal of Cleaner Production 28:101–12‏. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.12.005.
  • Ibrahim, H. Y. 2011. Energy use pattern in vegetable production under fadama in north central Nigeria. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 14 (3):1019–24.
  • IPCC. 2006. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, In Eggleston, H. S., L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara, K. Tanabe. In Prepared by the national greenhouse gas inventories programme, Japan:IGES.www.ipccnggip.or
  • ISO 14040. 2006a. Environmental Management Life Cycle Assessment Principles and Framework. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 11(2): 36.
  • ISO 14044. 2006b. Environmental management–life cycle assessment—requirements and guidelines. Eur Comm Stand Int Organ Stand.
  • Khanali, M., S. A. Mousavi, M. Sharifi, F. K. Nasab, and K. W. Chau. 2018. Life cycle assessment of canola edible oil production in Iran: A case study in Isfahan province. Journal of Cleaner Production 196:714–25‏. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.217.
  • Khoshnevisan, B., S. Rafiee, M. Omid, H. Mousazadeh, and S. Clark. 2014a. Environmental impact assessment of tomato and cucumber cultivation in greenhouses using life cycle assessment and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Journal of Cleaner Production 73:183–92‏. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.057.
  • Khoshnevisan, B., S. Rafiee, M. Omid, H. Mousazadeh, and P. Sefeedpari. 2013. Prognostication of environmental indices in potato production using artificial neural networks. Journal of Cleaner Production 52:402–9‏. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.028.
  • Khoshnevisan, B., M. A. Rajaeifar, S. Clark, S. Shamahirband, N. B. Anuar, N. L. M. Shuib, and A. Gani. 2014b. Evaluation of traditional and consolidated rice farms in Guilan Province, Iran, using life cycle assessment and fuzzy modeling. The Science of the Total Environment 481:242–51‏. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.052.
  • Kitani, O. 1999. Energy and biomass engineering. CIGR handbook of agricultural engineering, MI: ASAE, St. Joseph.
  • Kumar, A., J. V. Tirkey, and S. K. Shukla. 2021. Comparative energy and economic analysis of different vegetable oil plants for biodiesel production in India. Renewable Energy 169:266–82‏. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.12.128.
  • Li, L., W. Wu, P. Giller, J. O’Halloran, L. Liang, P. Peng, and G. Zhao. 2018. Life cycle assessment of a highly diverse vegetable multi-cropping system in Fengqiu County, China. Sustainability 10 (4):983‏. doi:10.3390/su10040983.
  • Lotfalian Dehkordi, A., and A. Abedi. 2021. Investigation of shallot production system in terms of energy-economic-environmental in Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (46):65676–86‏. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15343-x.
  • Martínez-Blanco, J., C. Lazcano, T. H. Christensen, P. Muñoz, J. Rieradevall, J. Møller …, and A. Boldrin, A. Boldrin. 2013. Compost benefits for agriculture evaluated by life cycle assessment. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 33 (4):721–32. doi:10.1007/s13593-013-0148-7.
  • Marzban, A., B. Elhami, and E. Bougari. 2021. Integration of life cycle assessment (LCA) and modeling methods in investigating the yield and environmental emissions final score (EEFS) of carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) farms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (15):19234–46‏. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-12116-w.
  • Mohammadzadeh, A., J. Vafabakhsh, A. Mahdavi Damghani, and R. Deihimfard. 2018. Assessing environmental impacts of major vegetable crop production systems of East Azerbaijan province in Iran. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 64 (7):967–82. doi:10.1080/03650340.2017.1405260.
  • Mousavi-Avval, S. H., S. Rafiee, M. Sharifi, S. Hosseinpour, and A. Shah. 2017. Combined application of Life Cycle Assessment and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for modeling energy and environmental emissions of oilseed production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 78:807–20. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.002.
  • Nabavi-Pelesaraei, A., S. Rafiee, S. S. Mohtasebi, H. Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, and K. W. Chau. 2017. Energy consumption enhancement and environmental life cycle assessment in paddy production using optimization techniques. Journal of Cleaner Production 162:571–86‏. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.071.
  • Naderi, S. A., A. Lotfalian Dehkordi, and M. Taki. 2019. Energy and environmental evaluation of greenhouse bell pepper production with life cycle assessment approach. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 3:100011‏. doi:10.1016/j.indic.2019.100011.
  • Nemecek, T., T. Kägi, 2007. Life cycle inventory of agricultural production systems. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf. Ecoinvent report, 15.
  • Nikkhah, A., M. Khojastehpour, B. Emadi, A. Taheri-Rad, and S. Khorramdel. 2015. Environmental impacts of peanut production system using life cycle assessment methodology. Journal of Cleaner Production 92:84–90.‏. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.048.
  • Rajabi Hamedani, S., A. Keyhani, and R. Alimardani. 2011. Energy use patterns and econometric models of grape production in Hamadan province of Iran. Energy 36 (11):6345–51‏. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.09.041.
  • Renaud-Genti, C., T. J. Dijkman, A. Bjørn, and M. Birkved. 2015. Pesticide emission modelling and freshwater ecotoxicity assessment for Grapevine LCA: Adaptation of Pest LCI 2.0 to viticulture. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 20 (11):1528–43. doi:10.1007/s11367-015-0949-9.
  • Rolland, J., and C. Sherma. 2006. Spinach. The food encyclopedia: Over 8,000 ingredients, tools, techniques and people. Toronto: Robert Rose.
  • Rubatzky, V., and M. Yamaguchi. 1997. Spinach, table beets, and other vegetable chenopods”, World vegetables: Principles, production, and nutritive values, pp. 457–73. Boston, MA:Springer US.10.1007/978-1-4615-6015-9-21 retrieved 2021-06-11
  • Saber, Z., R. van Zelm, H. Pirdashti, A. M. Schipper, M. Esmaeili, A. Motevali …, and M. A. Huijbregts, M. A. J. Huijbregts. 2021. Understanding farm-level differences in environmental impact and eco-efficiency: The case of rice production in Iran. Sustainable Production and Consumption 27:1021–9‏. doi:10.1016/j.spc.2021.02.033.
  • Sabzevari, A., H. Kouchaki-Penchah, and A. Nabavi-Pelesaraei. 2015. Investigation of life cycle assessment of hazelnut production in Guilan province of IR Iran based on orchards size levels. Biological Forum 7 (1):807. Research Trend.
  • Sahle, A., and J. Potting. 2013. Environmental life cycle assessment of Ethiopian rose cultivation. The Science of the Total Environment 443:163–72‏. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.048.
  • Samavatean, N., S. Rafiee, H. Mobli, and A. Mohammadi. 2011. An analysis of energy use and relation between energy inputs and yield, costs and income of garlic production in Iran. Renewable Energy 36 (6):1808–13‏. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2010.11.020.
  • Seo, Y., K. Ide, N. Kitahata, K. Kuchitsu, and K. Dowaki. 2017. Environmental impact and nutritional improvement of elevated CO2 treatment: A case study of spinach production. Sustainability 9 (10):1854‏. doi:10.3390/su9101854.
  • Shiina, T., D. Hosokawa, P. Roy, N. Nakamura, M. Thammawong, & T. Orikasa (2010, August). Life cycle inventory analysis of leafy vegetables grown in two types of plant factories. In XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on 919, Paris, pp. 115–122.
  • Skowroñska, M., and T. Filipek. 2014. Life cycle assessment of fertilizers: A review. International Agrophysics 28 (1). doi:10.2478/intag-2013-0032.
  • Unakitan, G., H. Hurma, and F. Yilmaz. 2010. An analysis of energy use efficiency of canola production in Turkey. Energy 35 (9):3623–27. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2010.05.005.
  • Williams, S., and S. Long. 1997. Nutrition and diet therapy. 229.
  • Yan, X., H. Akimoto, and T. Ohara. 2003. Estimation of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and ammonia emissions from croplands in East, Southeast and South Asia. Global Change Biology 9 (7):1080–96. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00649.x.
  • Yildizhan, H., and M. Taki. 2018. Assessment of tomato production process by cumulative exergy consumption approach in greenhouse and open field conditions: Case study of Turkey. Energy 156:401–8‏. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.117.
  • Zalaghi, A. H., A. Lotfalian Dehkordi, A. Abedi, and M. Taki. 2021. Applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to improve energy efficiency of apple fruit, focusing on cumulative energy demand. Energy Equipment and Systems 9 (1):37–52.‏.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.