Performance and exhaust emissions analysis of a diesel engine running on diesel /diethyl ether/biogas as a green fuel

References

• Abdalla, I. E. 2017. Experimental studies for the thermo-physiochemical properties of biodiesel and its blends and the performance of such fuels in a compression ignition engine. Fuel 212:638–55. 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.10.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abuhabaya, A., J. Fieldhouse, and D. Brown. 2013. The optimization of biodiesel production by using response surface methodology and its effect on compression ignition engine. Fuel Process Technol 113:57–62. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ait Belale, R., M. Alaoui, F. E, Y. Chhiti, A. Sahibeddine, N. Munoz Rujas, and F. Aguilar. 2021. Study on the thermophysical properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel fuel blends with 1-butanol. Fuel 287:119540. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barik, D., S. Murugan, S. Sama, and N. M. Sivaram. 2017.Combined effect of compression ratio and diethyl ether (DEE) port injection on performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with upgraded biogas (UBG)-biodiesel dual fuel. Fuel 209: 339–49.doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barik, D., S. Murugan, N. M. Sivaram, E. Baburaj, and P. Shanmuga Sundaram. 2017.Experimental investigation on the behavior of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with Karanja methyl ester-biogas dual fuel at different injection timings. Energy 118: 127–38.doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezerra, M.A., R.E. Santelli, E.P. Oliveira, L.S. Villar, and L.A. Escaleira. 2008. Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta 76:965–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bora, B. J., and U. K. Saha. 2016. Optimisation of injection timing and compression ratio of a raw biogas powered dual fuel diesel engine, Appl. Thermal Engineering 92:111–21.
   Google Scholar
• Bose, P.K., V.N. Bodkhe, B.D. Barma, and R. Banerjee. 2017. Response surface methodology Based multi-objective optimization of the performance-emission profile of a CI engine running on ethanol in blends with diesel. Springer. Biofuels 201–28.
   Google Scholar
• CEIC. India Oil Consumption. 2018; https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/india/oilconsumption.
   Google Scholar
• Che, S., M. Y. Idroas, M. F. Hamid, and Z. A. Zainal. 2018. Performance and emissions of straight vegetable oils and its blends as a fuel in diesel engine : A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82:808–23. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cremonez, P. A., J. G. Teleken, and T. Weiser Meier. 2021. Potential of green diesel to complement the brazilian energy production: A review. Energy and Fuels 35 (1):176–86. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c03805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasari, S.R., A.J. Chaudhary, V.V. Goud, N. Sahoo, and V. Kulkarni. 2017. In-situ alkaline transesterification of castor seeds: Optimization and engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics of blends. Energy Convers Manag 142:200–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DC, R., R. CD, G. EG, P. RG, and K. DC. 2014. Influence of properties of various common bio-fuels on the combustion and emission characteristics of high-speed DI (direct injection) diesel engine: Vegetable oil, bio-diesel, ethanol, n-butanol, diethyl ether. Energy 73:354–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharma, S., H. H. Masjuki, H. Chyuan, A. H. Sebayang, A. S. Silitonga, F. Kusumo, and T. M. I. Mahlia. 2016.Optimization of biodiesel production process for mixed jatropha curcas– ceiba pentandra biodiesel using response surface methodology. Energy Conversion and Management 115: 178–90.doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinesha, P., S. Kumar, and M.A. Rosen. 2019.Combined effects of water emulsion and di ethyl ether additive on combustion performance and emissions of a compression ignition engine using biodiesel blends. Energy 179: 928–37.doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Silva, R., K. G. Binu, and T. Bhat. 2015. Performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with diesel and TiO2 nanoparticles as fuel additive. Materials Today: Proceedings 2 (4–5):3728–35. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.162.
   Google Scholar
• Elfghi, F. 2016.A hybrid statistical approach for modeling and optimization of RON; a comparative study and combined application of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) based on design of experiment (DOE). Chemical Engineering Research & Design 113: 264–72.doi: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.05.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elnajjar, E., S.A. Al Omari, M.O. Hamdan, M. Ghannam, and M.Y. Selim. 2019. Characteristics of external furnace combustion of used lube oil with different percentages of diethyl ether additives burned with liquefied petroleum gas. Biofuels 12 (10):1–11. doi:10.1080/17597269.2019.1608035.
   Google Scholar
• Gawale, G. R., and G. N. Srinivasulu. 2020.Experimental investigation of ethanol/diesel and ethanol/biodiesel on dual fuel mode HCCI engine for different engine load conditions. Fuel 263: 116725.doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goga, G., B. S. Chauhan, S. K. Mahla, and H. M. Cho. 2019. Performance and emissioncharacteristics of diesel engine fueled with rice bran biodiesel and n-butanol. Energy Reports 5:78–83. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2018.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goga, G., B. S. Chauhan, S. K. Mahla, A. Dhir, and H. M. Cho. Effect of varying biogas mass flow rate on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with blends of n‑butanol and diesel. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry doi:10.1007/s10973-019-09055-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang, A., V. P. SandroNizeti, A. T. Le, V. G. Bui, V. V. Le, and V. Vang Le. 2021. Combustion and emission characteristics of spark and compression ignition engine fueled with 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF): A comprehensive review. Fuel 288:119757. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang, A., H. C. O. SandroNizeti, W. Tarelko, V. Pham, T. H. Le, M. Quang Chau, X. Phuong Nguyen, and X. Phuong Nguyen. 2021. A review on application of artificial neural network (ANN) for performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-based fuels. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 47:101416. doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosmath, R. S., N. R. Banapurmath, S. V. Khandal, V. N. Gaitonde, Y. H. Basavarajappa, and V. S. Yaliwal. 2016.Effect of compression ratio, CNG flow rate and injection timing on the performance of dual fuel engine operated on honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and compressed natural gas (CNG. Renewable Energy 93: 579–90.doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, A. 2018. An experimental study on using diethyl ether in a diesel engine operated with diesel-biodiesel fuel blend. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 21 (5):1024–33. doi:10.1016/j.jestch.2018.07.004.
   Google Scholar
• Jairam, K., F. M. Musthafa, K. A. Vijayan, and M. Renganathan. 2021. Computational investigations on port injected DEE in a biogas inducted HCCI engine. International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 12:9.
   Google Scholar
• Karagoz, Y., I. Guler, T. Sandalcı, L. Yuksek, A.S. Dalkılıc, and S. Wongwises. 2016. Effects of hydrogen and methane addition on combustion characteristics, emissions, and performance of a CI engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41 (2):1313–25. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khayum, N., S. Anbarasu, and S. Murugan. 2021.Optimization of fuel injection parameters and compression ratio of a biogas fueled diesel engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil as a pilot fuel. Energy 221: 119865.doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.119865
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamoorthi, M., and R. Malayalamurthi. 2018. Experimental investigation on the availability, performance, combustion and emission distinctiveness of bael oil/diesel/diethyl ether blends powered in a variable compression ratio diesel engine. Heat Mass Transf 54 (7):2023–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, B.R., S. Saravanan, D. Rana, and A. Nagendran. 2016. Combined effect of injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine fuelled with next-generation advanced biofuel–diesel blends using response surface methodology. Energy Convers Manag 123:470–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S., and T. Y. Kim. 2017.Performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engineoperated with diesel/DEE blended fuel, Appl. Applied Thermal Engineering 121: 454–61.doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahla, S. K., S. M. S. Ardebili, H. Sharma, A. Dhir, G. Goga, and H. Solmaz. 2021.Determination and utilization of optimal diesel/n-butanol/biogas derivation for small utility dual fuel diesel engine. Fuel 289: 119913.doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maiti, S., G. Gallastegui, S. J. Sarma, S. K. Brar, Y. Le Bihan, P. Drogui, G. Buelna, and M. Verma. 2016.A re- look at the biochemical strategies to enhance butanol production. Biomass & Bioenergy 94: 187–200.doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Y., M. Zhu, and D. Zhang. 2013.The effect of a homogeneous combustion catalyst on exhaust emissions from a single cylinder diesel engine. Applied Energy 102: 556–62.doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohebbi, M., M. Reyhanian, V. Hosseini, M.F.M. Said, and A.A. Aziz. 2018.The effect of diethyl ether addition on performance and emission of a reactivity controlled compression ignition engine fueled with ethanol and diesel. Energy Conversion and Management 174: 779–92.doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery, D.C. 2008. Design and analysis of experiments. USA: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Nagaprasad, K.S., N.R. Banapurmath, D. Madhu, and T.M. Yunus Khan. 2019. Pre- and postcombustion emission reduction techniques for engine fuelled with diesel/DEE blends by three approaches. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 43(14):1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najjar, Y. S. H. 2011.Gaseous pollutants formation and their harmful effects on health and environment. Innovative Energy Policies 1: 1–9.doi: 10.4303/iep/e101203
   Google Scholar
• Nanthagopal, K., B. Ashok, R. S. Garnepudi, K. R. Tarun, and B. Dhinesh. 2019. Investigation on diethyl ether as an additive with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel for CI engine application. Energy Convers: Manag 179:104–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan, S.S., J.M. Mallikarjuna, and A. Ramesh. 2010. An experimental study of the biogas–diesel HCCI mode of engine operation. Energy Conversion and Management 51 (7):1347–53. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2009.09.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niculescu, R., A. Clenci, and V. Iorga-Siman. 2019. Review on the use of diesel-biodiesel-alcohol blends in compression ignition engines. Energies 12 (7):1–41. 10.3390/en12071194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil, K. R., and S. S. Thipse. 2015. Experimental investigation of CI engine combustion, performance and emissions in DEE–kerosene–diesel blends of high DEE concentration. Energy Convers: Manag 89:396–408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raja, K., V. Srinivasa Raman, R. Parthasarathi, K. Ranjitkumar, and V. Mohanavel. 2019. Performance analysis of DEE-biodiesel blends in diesel engine. International Journal of Ambient Energy 43 (1):1–5. doi:10.1080/01430750.2019.1670262.
   Google Scholar
• Rakopoulos, D. C., C. D. Rakopoulos, E. G. Giakoumis, and A. M. Dimaratos. 2012. Characteristics of performance and emissions in high-speed direct injection diesel engine fueled with diethyl ether/diesel fuel blends. Energy 43:214–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raman, R., and N. Kumar. 2020. Performance and emission characteristics of twin cylinder diesel engine fueled with mahua biodiesel and DEE, Transp. Eng 2:100024.
   Google Scholar
• Rosha, P., R. Singh, S.K. Mohapatra, S.K. Mahla, and A. Dhir. 2018. Optimization of hydrogen enriched biogas by dry oxidative reforming with nickel nanopowder using response surface methodology. Energy & Fuels : An American Chemical Society Journal 32 (6):6995–7001. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, F.F.P., S. Rodrigues, and F.A.N. Fernandes. 2009. Optimization of the production of biodiesel from soybean oil by ultrasound assisted methanolysis. Fuel Processing Technology 90 (2):312–16. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.09.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sathiyamoorthi, R., G. Sankaranarayanan, and K. Pitchandi. 2017. Combined effect of nanoemulsion and EGR on combustion and emission characteristics of neat lemongrass oil (LGO)-DEE-diesel blend fuelled diesel engine, Appl. Thermal Engineering 112:1421–32.
   Google Scholar
• Sen, S., S. Ganguly, A. Das, J. Sen, and S. Dey. 2016. Renewable energy scenario in India:Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of African Earth Sciences 122:25–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silitonga, A. S., H. H. Masjuki, H. C. Ong, A. H. Sebayang, S. Dharma, F. Kusumo, J. Siswantoro, J. Milano, T. M. I. M. Khairil Daud, W.-H. Chen, et al. 2018. Evaluation of the engine performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel-bioethanol diesel blends using kernel-based extreme learning machine. Energy 159:1075–87. Accepted Manuscript. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudheesh, K., and J. M. Mallikarjuna. 2010. Diethyl ether as an ignition improver for biogas homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) operation - an experimental investigation. Energy 35:3614–22. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2010.04.052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suraj, C. K., A. Krishnasamy, and T. Sundararajan. 2019. Investigations on gradual and accelerated oxidative stability of karanja biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blends. Energy and Fuels 33 (9):9196–204. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b01678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuckett, R. Short-term energy outlook (STEO) forecast highlights. US EIA - Short- Term Energy Outlook 2020, 4/2020; 1–48. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/pdf/steo_full.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Veljković, V. B., M. O. Biberdžić, I. B. Banković-Ilić, I. G. Djalović, M. B. Tasić, Z. B. Nježić, and O. S. Stamenković. 2018. Biodiesel production from corn oil: A review. renew. sustain. Energy Reviews 91:531–48. 10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, P., S. Stevanovic, A. Zare, G. Dwivedi, T. C. Van, M. Davidson, T. Rainey, R. J. Brown, and Z. D. Ristovski. 2019. An overview of the influence of biodiesel, alcohols, and various oxygenated additives on the particulate matter emissions from diesel engines. Energies 12 (10):1–25. doi:10.3390/en12101987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yesilyurt, M. K., and M. Aydin. 2020.Experimental investigation on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with cottonseed oil biodiesel/diethyl ether/diesel fuel blends. Energy Conversion and Management 205: 112355.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaharin, M. S. M., N. R. Abdullah, G. Najafi, H. Sharudin, and T. Yusaf. 2017. Effects of physicochemical properties of biodiesel fuel blends with alcohol on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions: A review. renew. sustain. Energy Reviews 79:475–93. 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar