Thermal management of catalytic converter with heat pipe embedded in thermal energy storage to reduce cold start emissions

References

• Alva, G., Y. Lin, and G. Fang. 2018. An overview of thermal energy storage systems. Energy 144: 341–78. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barik, D., and S. Murugan. 2014. Simultaneous reduction of NOx and smoke in a dual fuel di diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 84: 217–26. no. x. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohm, M., J. Stetina, and D. Svida. 2022. Exhaust gas temperature pulsations of a gasoline engine and its stabilization using thermal energy storage system to reduce emissions. Energies 15 (7):2365. doi:10.3390/en15072365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, D. L., G. Hong, and A. T. Le. 2020. Applying chemical heat storage to saving exhaust gas energy in diesel engines: principle, design and experiment. Journal of Energy Storage 28:101311. January doi:10.1016/j.est.2020.101311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey, S., G. C. Dhal, D. Mohan, and R. Prasad. 2019. Application of hopcalite catalyst for controlling carbon monoxide emission at cold-start emission conditions. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 6 (5):419–40. doi:10.1016/j.jtte.2019.06.002.
   Google Scholar
• Fadl, M., D. Mahon, and P. C. Eames. 2021. Thermal performance analysis of compact thermal energy storage unit-an experimental study. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 173:121262. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, C., Deng Y, Chen L, Han W, Jiaqiang E, Wei K, Han D, Zhang B. 2022. Hydrocarbon emission control of a hydrocarbon adsorber and converter under cold start of the gasoline engine. Energy 239:122138. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.122138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaiser, G., and C. Seethaler. 2007. Zero-delay light-off - a new cold-start concept with a latent heat storage integrated into a catalyst substrate. SAE Technical Papers 2007 (724). doi: 10.4271/2007-01-1074.
   Google Scholar
• Gao, J., G. Tian, A. Sorniotti, A. E. Karci, and R. Di Palo. 2019. Review of thermal management of catalytic converters to decrease engine emissions during cold start and warm up. Applied Thermal Engineering 147:177–87. 2018 June doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, J., G. Tian, A. Sorniotti, A. E. Karci, and R. Di Palo. 2019. Review of thermal management of catalytic converters to decrease engine emissions during cold start and warm up. Applied Thermal Engineering 147:177–87. 2018 October doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumus, M. 2009. Reducing cold-start emission from internal combustion engines by means of thermal energy storage system. Applied Thermal Engineering 29 (4):652–60. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.03.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamedi, M. R., O. Doustdar, A. Tsolakis, and J. Hartland. 2019. Thermal energy storage system for efficient diesel exhaust aftertreatment at low temperatures. Applied Energy 235:874–87. 2018 October doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, K., B. Deng, Y. Chen, J. Ran, and J. Fu. 2021. For cleaner exhaust of a high performance motorcycle: A macroscopic comparative study of catalytic converters under world-wide motorcycle test cycle. Journal of Cleaner Production 284 (xxxx):124730. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124730.
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, H. A., W. H. Ahmed, S. Abdou, and V. Blagojevic. 2018. Experimental and numerical investigations of flow through catalytic converters. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 127:546–60. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.07.052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaguemont, J., N. Omar, P. Van den Bossche, and J. Mierlo. 2018. Phase-change materials (PCM) for automotive applications: A review. Applied Thermal Engineering 132:308–20. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.12.097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayat, F., S. Seifert, and M. Fathepurkar. 2013. Investigation of underbody metal SCR systems with active thermal management: Experience update. SAE Technical Papers 5:1–9. doi:10.4271/2013-26-0048.
   Google Scholar
• Jeong, S. J., and W. S. Kim. 2000. Three-dimensional numerical study on the use of warm-up catalyst to improve light-off performance. SAE Technical Papers (724). doi:10.4271/2000-01-0207.
   Google Scholar
• Jing, S., and N. Sivashankar. 1998. Issues in cold start emission control for automotive IC engines. Proceedings of the American Control Conference 3:1372–76. June doi:10.1109/ACC.1998.707039.
   Google Scholar
• Kaltakkıran, G., and M. A. Ceviz. 2021. The performance improvement of direct injection engines in cold start conditions integrating with phase change material: Energy and exergy analysis. Journal of Energy Storage 42:102895. April doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.102895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessels, J. T. B. A., D. L. Foster, and W. A. J. Bleuanus. 2010. Comparaison de l’augmentation de consommation de carburant pour la technologie de catalyseurs chauffés à l’électricité. Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue de L’institut Français du Pétrole 65 (1):47–54. doi:10.2516/ogst/2009078.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, S. R., M. Zeeshan, and S. Iqbal. 2018. Thermal management of newly developed non-noble metal-based catalytic converter to reduce cold start emissions of small internal combustion engine. Chemical Engineering Communications 205 (5):680–88. doi:10.1080/00986445.2017.1412311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldonado, J. M., A. de Gracia, and L. F. Cabeza. 2020. Systematic review on the use of heat pipes in latent heat thermal energy storage tanks. Journal of Energy Storage 32:101733. August doi:10.1016/j.est.2020.101733.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao, Y., L. Der Chen, Y. He, and T. Wei Kuo. 2009. Study of SCR cold-start by energy method. Chemical Engineering Journa 155 (1–2):260–65. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2009.07.054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel, P., A. Charlet, G. Colin, Y. Chamaillard, G. Bloch, and C. Nouillant. 2017. Optimizing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of gasoline-HEV with catalytic converter. Control Engineering Practice 61:198–205. doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2015.12.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama, Y., T. Maruya, T. Oikawa, M. Fujiwara, and M. Kawamata. 1994. Reduction of HC emission from VTEC engine during cold-start condition. SAE Technical Papers (412). doi:10.4271/940481.
   Google Scholar
• Naveenkumar, R., S. Ramesh Kumar, G. Pushyanthkumar, and S. Senthil Kumaran. 2020.NOx, CO & HC control by adopting activated charcoal enriched filter in catalytic converter of diesel engine. Materials Today: Proceedings 22: 2283–90.doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.349
   Google Scholar
• Nazir, H., M. Batool, F. J. Bolivar Osorio, M. Isaza-Ruiz, X. Xu, K. Vignarooban, I. P Phelan, and A. M. Kannan. 2019.Recent developments in phase change materials for energy storage applications: A review. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 129: 491–523.doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.09.126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyekunle, L. O., and A. A. Susu. 2005. High temperature thermal stability investigation of paraffinic oil. Petroleum Science and Technology 23 (2):199–207. doi:10.1081/LFT-200028179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, A., R. Brooks, and P. Shipway. 2014. Internal combustion engine cold-start efficiency: A review of the problem, causes and potential solutions. Energy Conversion and Management 82:327–50. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.03.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, J. F., and W. K. Cheng. 2016. Reduction of cold-start emissions through valve timing in a GDI engine. SAE International Journal of Engines 9 (2):1220–29. doi:10.4271/2016-01-0827.
   Google Scholar
• Sathyanarayanan, S., S. Suresh, and M. Sridharan. 2022. Effect of sucrose catalyst in the catalytic converter on performance and emission of spark ignition engine. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 14 (4):1–10. doi:10.1115/1.4052692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz, F., V. Danov, A. Lodermeyer, A. Hensler, and S. Becker. 2020. Thermodynamic analysis of the dryout limit of oscillating heat pipes. Energies 13 (23):1–14. doi:10.3390/en13236346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tay, N. H. S., F. Bruno, and M. Belusko. 2012. Experimental validation of a CFD and an ε-NTU model for a large tube-in-tank PCM system. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55 (21–22):5931–40. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.06.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vembathu Rajesh, A., C. Mathalai Sundaram, V. Sivaganesan, B. Nagarajan, and S. Harikishore. 2020. Emission reduction techniques in CI engine with catalytic converter. Materials Today: Proceedings 21 (xxxx):98–103. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.369.
   Google Scholar