656
Views
46
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Environmental Impact of the Utilization of Geothermal Areas

&
Pages 267-278 | Published online: 22 Sep 2006

References

  • Akbasli , A. 1992 . Nigde-Sofular Acigol (Narligol) sicaksu sondajlari (Nar-1, MTA-1, MTA-2, MTA-3) kuyu bitirme raporu , MTA report no. 9407 Ankara, , Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .
  • Baba , A. 1999 . Environmental geology of thermal power plant waste in Turkey 130 – 135 . Izmir BAKSEM 1999,
  • Baba , A. Geothermal environmental impact assessment with special reference to the Tuzla, Geothermal Area, Canakkale, Turkey . Geothermal Training Programme in Iceland . 2003 . pp. 75 – 114 . Iceland : United Nation University, Geothermal Training Programme .
  • Batik , H. , Kocak , A. , Akkus , I. , Simsek , S. , Mertoglu , O. , Dokuz , I. and Bakir , N. Geothermal energy utilization development in Turkey—Present geothermal situation and projections . Proceedings World Geothermal Congress . 2000 , Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan. pp. 85 – 91 .
  • Battocletti , L. 1999 . Geothermal resource in Turkey , Report no. INEEL/EXT-99-01282 68 Bob Lawrence & Associates .
  • Bozkurt , E. 2001 . Neotectonics of Turkey—A synthesis . Geodinamica Acta , 14 : 3 – 30 . [CSA]
  • Cakin , A. 2003 . Environmental effects of geothermal application, case study: Balcova geothermal field , MsD thesis Izmir, , Turkey : Izmir Institute of Technology .
  • Camp , R. T. 1963 . Water and its impurities , 136 – 137 . London : Reinhold Publishing Corporation, Chapman & Hall .
  • Can , A. R. , Yildirim , N. and Ozbayrak , I. H. 1987 . Erzurum-Ilica (E-1) sicaksu sondaji kuyu bitirme raporu , MTA report no. 8323 Ankara, , Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .
  • Canadian Council of Resource and Environmental Ministers (CCR) . 1993 . Canadian water quality guidelines , Ontario Canada : Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment . http://www.gov.bc.ca
  • Canik , B. 1972 . Duzce Derdin Hamami civarinin jeoloji ve hidrojeoloji etudu , MTA report no. 6359 Ankara, , Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .
  • Canik , B. and Baskan , E. M. 1983 . IAH map of mineral and thermal waters of Turkey Aegean Region , MTA report no. 189 Ankara, , Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .
  • Celik , Y. M. and Sabah , E. 2002 . The geological and technical characterization of Omer-Gecek geothermal area and the environmental impact assessment of geothermal heating system in Afyon, Turkey . Environmental Geology , 41 : 942 – 953 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Corsi , R. 1995 . Environmental protection aspects related to injection , Pisa, , Italy : International Institute for Geothermal Research, International Schools of Geothermics .
  • Dewey , J. F. and Sengör , A. M. C. 1979 . Aegean and surrounding regions: Complex multiplate and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone . Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., Part I , 90 : 84 – 92 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Dilsiz , C. 2002 . Environmental issues concerning natural resources at Pamukkale protected site, southwest Turkey . Environmental Geology , 41 : 776 – 784 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Dogdu , M. S. and Bayari , C. S. 2002a . Pollution of geothermal origin in the Akarçay Basin (Afyon, Turkey), Part 1: Water and sediment pollution in the Akarçay Stream . Bulletin of Earth Science , 25 : 21 – 33 . [CSA]
  • Dogdu , M. S. and Bayari , C. S. 2002b . Pollution of geothermal origin in the Akarçay Basin (Afyon, Turkey), Part 2: Groundwater pollution . Bulletin of Earth Science , 25 : 35 – 49 . [CSA]
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . 2003 . List of drinking water contaminants and MCLs, National primary drinking water regulations , Washington, DC : Author . http://www.epa.gov/safewater, accessed 2003
  • European Environmental Agency (EEA) . 2003 . Drinking water standard , Denmark : European Environmental Agency . 80/778/EEC. http://www.eea.eu.int, accessed 2003
  • Erzenoğlu , Z. and Cadoglu , I. F. 1990 . Resadiye (Tokat) Kaplicasi sicaksu sondaji (rhs-1) kuyu bitirme raporu , MTA report no. 8998 Ankara, Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .
  • Gemici , U. and Filiz , S. 2001 . Hydrochemistry of the Cesme geothermal area in western Turkey . Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , 110 : 171 – 187 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Gemici , U. and Tarcan , G. 2002 . Distribution of B in thermal waters of western Anatolia, Turkey, and examples of their environmental impacts . Environmental Geology , 43 : 87 – 98 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Giese , L. B. 1997 . “ Geotechnische und umweltgeologische aspekte bei der Förderung und reinjection von thermalfluiden zur nutzung geothermischer energie am beispiel des geothermalfeldes Kizildere und des Umfeldes, W-Anatolien/Turkei ” . PhD thesis Free University Berlin .
  • Giese , L. B. , Pekdeger , A. and Dahms , E. Thermal fluids and scalings in the geothermal power plant of Kizildere, Turkey . Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction—WRI9 . Taupo, New Zealand. pp. 625 – 628 .
  • Göçmez , G. and Güzel , A. Ziga-Yaprakhisar-Ilisu- Ihlara- Belisirma (Aksaray) Sicak ve Mineralli su kaynaklarinin korunma alanlari ve kirlenebilirligi . Jeotermal Uygulamalar Sempozyumu . 1994 , Denizli, Turkey. pp. 225 – 234 .
  • Gökcen , G. , Kocar , G. and Hepbasli , A. Year-end geothermal development status of Turkey 2002 . International Geothermal Conference . Reykjavik, Iceland. pp. 9 – 14 .
  • Gökgöz , A. Geochemistry of the Kizildere-Tekkehamam-Buldan-Pammukkale geothermal fields, Turkey . UNU Geothermal Training Programme . Iceland . pp. 115 – 156 .
  • Imbach , T. 1997 . Deep groundwater circulation in the tectonically active area of Bursa, Northwest Anatolia, Turkey . Geothermics , 26 : 251 – 278 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Jackson , J. A. and Mc Kenzie , D. P. 1984 . Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt between Western Turkey and Pakistan . Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. , 77 : 185 – 264 . [CSA]
  • Kacaroglu , F. , Nacitarhan , V. , Degirmenci , M. , Hizmetli , S. , Elden , H. and Goker , I. Sivas-Sicakcermik termal suyunun hidrojeolojisi ve gonartrozlu olgularda terapotik olarak fizik tedavi yontemleri ile karsilastirilmasi . Jeotermal Uygulamalar Sempozyumu . 1994 , Denizli, Turkey. pp. 281 – 295 .
  • Karamanderesi , I. H. , Güner , A. , Cicekli , K. , Yilmazer , S. , Esder , T. and Coskun , B. 1982 . Aydin Germencik-Omerbeyli jeotermal sahasi ÖB-1, ÖB-2 ve ÖB-3 sondajlari kuyu bitirme raporu , MTA report no. 7746a-c Ankara, , Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .
  • Kaygusuz , K. 2002 . Environmental impacts of energy utilization and renewable energy policies in Turkey . Energy Policy , 30 : 689 – 698 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Kocak , A. 1974 . Cavundur (Kursunlu-Cankiri) bolgesinin hidrojeoloji raporu , MTA report no. 6387 Ankara, , Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .
  • Lindal , B. and Kristmannsdóttir , H. 1989 . The scaling properties of the effluent water from Kizildere Power Station, Turkey, and recommendation for a pilot plant in view of district heating applications . 18 : 217 – 223 . [CSA]
  • Mertoglu , O. , Bakir , N. and Kaya , T. 2003 . Geothermal applications in Turkey . Geothermics , 32 : 419 – 428 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MTA) . 1980 . Hot and mineral water inventory , Ankara : MTA Rap .
  • Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MTA) . 1993 . Geothermal Energy , Ankara, , Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .
  • Ministry of the Environment . 1999 . “ Regulation No: 76/1999 on protection against water pollution ” . Law and Ministerial Gazette of Iceland, Series B Vol. 785–810 , 2231 – 2253 .
  • Mutlu , H. 1996 . Geochemical assessment of thermal waters from the Afyon Geothermal area: Geothermometry applications and fluid-mineral equilibria , PhD thesis Ankara : Middle East University .
  • Mutlu , H. and Gulec , N. 1998 . Hydrogeochemical outline of thermal waters and geothermometry applications in Anatolia (Turkey) . Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , 85 : 495 – 515 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Mützenberg , S. 1991 . Westliche Biga-Halbinsel (Canakkale, Türkei): Beziehung zwischen geologie, tektonik und entwicklung der thermalquellen , PhD thesis Sweden : Technischen Hochschule und der Universitaet Zuerich, Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Institut der Eidg .
  • Mützenberg , S. 1997 . “ Nature and origin of the thermal springs in the Tuzla area, Western Anatolia, Turkey ” . In Active Tectonic of Northwestern Anatolia—The Marmara Poly-Project , Edited by: Schindler , C. and Pfister , M. 301 – 317 . Zurich : vdf hochschulverlag AG an der ETH .
  • Ölmez , E. and Güner , A. 1989 . Van-Ercis-Zilan gradyan sondaji (ZG-1) kuyu bitirme raporu , MTA report no. 8724 Ankara, , Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .
  • Özler , M. H. 2000 . Hydrogeology and geochemistry in the Curuksu (Denizli) hydrothermal field, western Turkey . Environmental Geology , 39 : 1169 – 1180 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Simsek , S. 1982 . “ Geology, geochemistry, and geothermal model of the Kizildere geothermal field ” . In First Turkish–Italian Seminar on Geothermal energy 1 – 25 . Turkey
  • Simsek , S. 1985a . Geothermal model of Denizli, Saraykoy-Buldan area . Geothermics , 14 : 393 – 417 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Simsek , S. 1985b . Present status and future developments of the Denizli-Kizildere Geothermal Energy filed of Turkey . International Symposium on Geothermal Energy , 1 : 203 – 210 . [CSA]
  • Simsek , S. Importance of geothermal energy in Turkey . Proceedings of International Mediterranean Congress on Solar and Other New and Renewable Energy Resources . pp. 623 – 636 . Antalya, , Turkey
  • Simsek , S. 1997 . “ Geothermal potential in northwestern Turkey. Active Tectonics of northwestern Anatolia ” . In The Marmara Poly-Project , Edited by: Schindler , C. and Pfister , M. 111 – 123 . Zurich : vdf hochschulverlag AG an der ETH .
  • Simsek , S. and Okandan , E. 1990 . “ Geothermal Energy Development in Turkey ” . In Geothermal Resources Council Transactions , Vol. 14 , 257 – 266 . Davis, CA : Geothermal Resources Council .
  • Tarcan , G. and Gemici , U. 2003 . Water geochemistry of the Seferihisar geothermal area, Izmir, Turkey . Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , 126 : 225 – 242 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Tarcan , G. , Filiz , S. and Gemici , U. Geology and geochemistry of the Salihli geothermal fields, Turkey . Proceedings World Geothermal Congress . Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan. pp. 1829 – 1834 .
  • Uluslararasi Karst Arastirma Merkezi (UKAM) . 1995 . “ Project Phase-II: Report on conservation and development of Pamukkale Travertines ” . In International Research and Application Center for Karst Water Resources , Turkey : Hacettepe University . (unpublished)
  • Vengosh , A. , Helvaci , C. and Karamanderesi , H. I. 2002 . Geochemical constraints for the origin of thermal waters from western Turkey . Applied Geochemistry , 17 : 63 – 183 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Webster , J. G. and Timperley , M. H. 1995 . “ Biological impacts of geothermal development ” . In Course on Environmental Aspects of Geothermal Development Pre-Congress Courses , Edited by: Brown , K. L. 97 – 117 . Pisa, , Italy : International Geothermal Association .
  • World Health Organization (WHO) . 1993 . Guidelines for drinking water quality 1 Geneva recommendations
  • Yilmazer , S. Balcova jeotremal alaninda (Izmir) derin kuyu denemesi ve alinan sonuclar . Jeotermal Uygulamalar Sempozyumu . 1994 , Denizli, Turkey. pp. 235 – 251 . Pamukkale Universtiy .
  • Yilmazer , S. Dikili Camur Kaplicalarinin hidrojeokimyasal ve terapotik ozellikleri . Jeotermal Uygulamalar Sempozyumu . 1994 , Denizli, Turkey. pp. 296 – 303 . Pamukkale Universtiy .
  • Yucel , B. and Aydogdu , O. 1994 . Akyazi-Sakarya Kuzuluk sicaksu sondaji kuyu bitirme raporu , MTA report no. 9839 Ankara, , Turkey : Mineral Research and Exploration Institute .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.