REFERENCES
- Akinlo, A. E. 2008. Energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from 11 Sub-Saharan African countries. Energ. Econ. 30:2391–2400.
- Apergis, N., and Payne, J. E., 2010a. Coal consumption and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of OECD countries. Energ. Policy 38:1353–1359.
- Apergis, N., and Payne, J. E., 2010b. The causal dynamics between coal consumption and growth: Evidence from emerging market economies. Appl. Energ. 87:1972–1977.
- British Petroleum (BP). 2010. The Statistical Review of World Energy 2010. Available at: http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview.
- Brown, C. E. 2002. World Energy Resources. Brelin: Springer.
- Davidson, O., Tyani, L., and Afrane-Okesse, Y. 2002. Climate change, sustainable development and energy: Future perspectives for South Africa. Paris: OECD.
- Department of Minerals and Energy. 2006. Digest of South African energy statistics. Republic of South Africa.
- Dickey, D., and Fuller, W. A. 1979. Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. J. Am. Stat. Ass. 74:427–431.
- Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T., and Stock, J. 1996. Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometrica 64:813–836.
- Engle, R. F., and Granger, C. W. J. 1987. Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica 55:251–276.
- Glasure, Y. U. 2002. Energy and national income in Korea: Further evidence on the role omitted variables. Energ. Econ. 24:355–365.
- Kraft, J., and Kraft, A. 1978. On the relationship between energy and GNP. J. Energ. Dev. 3:401–403.
- Narayan, P. K., and Smyth, R. 2005. Electricity consumption, employment and real income in Australia: Evidence from multivariate Granger causality tests. Energ. Policy 33:1109–1116.
- Payne, J. E. 2009. On the dynamics of energy consumption and output in the US. Appl. Energ. 86: 575–577.
- Phillips, P. C. B., and Perron, P. 1988. Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika 75:335–346.
- Sari, R., Ewing, B. T., and Soytas, U. 2008. The relationship between disaggregate energy consumption and industrial production in the United States: An ARDL approach. Energ. Econ. 30:2302–2313.
- Stern, D. I. 1993. Energy and economic growth in the USA: A multivariate approach. Energ. Econ. 15:137–150.
- Stern, D. I. 2000. Multivariate co integration analysis of the role of energy in the US macro economy. Energ. Econ. 22:267–283.
- Toda, H. Y., and Yamamoto, T. 1995. Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. J. Econometrics 66:225–250.
- Yoo, S. E. 2006. Oil consumption and economic growth: Evidence from Korea. Energ. Source. 3:235–243.
- Zhao, C-H., Yuan, J., and Kang, J-G. 2008. Oil consumption and economic growth in China: A multivariate cointegration analysis. 2008 International Conference on Risk management & Engineering Management, Beijing, November 4–6.
- Ziramba, E. 2009. Disaggregate energy consumption and industrial production in South Africa. Energ. Policy 37:2214–2220.
- Zou, G., and Chau. K. W. 2006. Short and long-run effects between oil consumption and economic growth in China. Energ. Policy 34:3644–3655.