Nano- and Microstructures for Thin-Film Evaporation—A Review

REFERENCES

• B.V. Deryagin, S.V. Nerpin, and N.V. Churaev, To the Theory of Liquid Evaporation from Capillaries, Kolloidn. Zh., Vol. 26, pp. 301–307, 1964.
   Google Scholar
• O.A. Kiseleva, V.M. Starov, and N.V. Churaev, Calculations of Film Flow under the Action of a Temperature Gradient in Conical Capillaries, Kolloidn. Zh., Vol. 39, pp. 1164–1167, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• R.W. Schrage, A Theoretical Study of Interphase Mass Transfer, Columbia University Press, New York, 1953.
   Google Scholar
• L. Cao, H.H. Hu, and D. Gao, Design and Fabrication of Micro-Textures for Inducing a Superhydrophobic Behavior on Hydrophilic Materials, Langmuir, Vol. 23, pp. 4310–4314, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Cao, T.P. Price, M. Weiss, and D. Gao, Super Water- and Oil-Repellent Surfaces on Intrinsically Hydrophilic and Oleophilic Porous Silicon Films, Langmuir, Vol. 24, pp. 1640–1643, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. M. Li, D. Reinhoudt, and M. Crego-Calama, What Do We Need for a Superhydrophobic Surface? A Review on the Recent Progress in the Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces, Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 36, pp. 1350–1368, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Zhang, W.B. Zhang, Z. Shi, D. Wang, J. Jin, and L. Jiang, Nanowire-Haired Inorganic Membranes with Superhydrophilicity and Underwater Ultralow Adhesive Superoleophobicity for High-Efficiency Oil/Water Separation, Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, pp. 4192–4198, 2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Nam, S. Sharratt, C. Byon, S.J. Kim, and Y.S. Ju, Fabrication and Characterization of the Capillary Performance of Superhydrophilic Cu Micropost Arrays, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 19, pp. 581–588, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.L. Plawsky, J.K. Kim, and E.F. Schubert, Review: Engineered Nanoporous and Nanostructured Films, Materials Today, Vol. 12, pp. 36–45, 2009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. Deng, L. Mammen, H.-J. Butt, and D. Vollmera, Candle Soot as a Template for a Transparent Robust Superamphiphobic Coating, Science, Vol. 335, pp. 67–70, 2012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Susarrey-Arce, Á.G. Marín, H. Nair, L. Lefferts, J.G.E. Gardeniers, D. Lohse, and A. van Houselt, Absence of an Evaporation-Driven Wetting Transition on Omniphobic Surfaces, Soft Matter, Vol. 8, pp. 9765–9770, 2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.L. Plawsky, M. Ojha, A. Chatterjee, and P.C. Wayner, Jr., Review of the Effects of Surface Topography, Surface Chemistry, and Fluid Physics on Evaporation at the Contact Line, Chemical Engineering Communications, Vol. 196, pp. 658–696, 2008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.E. Bergles, Recent Developments in Enhanced Heat Transfer, Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, pp. 1001–1008, 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Xiao and E.N. Wang, Microscale Liquid Dynamics and the Effect on Macroscale Propagation in Pillar Arrays, Langmuir, Vol. 27, pp. 10360–10364, 2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Liu, Y. Li, Y. Cai, and D.P. Sekulic, Capillary Rise of Liquids over a Microstructured Solid Surface, Langmuir, Vol. 27, pp. 14260–14266, 2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Courbin, E. Denieul, E. Dressaire, M. Roper, A. Ajdari, and H. A. Stone, Imbibition by Polygonal Spreading on Microdecorated Surfaces, Nature Materials, Vol. 6, pp. 661–664, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Ranjan, J.Y. Murthy, and S.V. Garimella, Analysis of the Wicking and Thin-Film Evaporation Characteristics of Microstructures, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 131, 101001, 2009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Manglik, On the Advancements in Boiling, Two-Phase Flow Heat Transfer, and Interfacial Phenomena, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 128, pp. 1237–1242, 2006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.C. Maroo and J.N. Chung, A Possible Role of Nanostructured Ridges on Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement, Journal of Heat Transfer, 041501, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Y. Nam, E. Aktinol, V.K. Dhir, and Y.S. Ju, Single Bubble Dynamics on a Superhydrophilic Surface With Artificial Nucleation Sites, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 54, pp. 1572–1577, 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Quere, Wetting and Roughness, Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 38, pp. 71–99, 2008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Ojha, A. Chatterjee, G. Dalakos, P.C. Wayner, Jr., and J.L. Plawsky, Role of Solid Surface Structure on Evaporative Phase Change from a Completely Wetting Corner Meniscus, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 22, 052101, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Nam and Y.S. Ju, A Comparative Study of the Morphology and Wetting Characteristics of Micro/Nanostructured Cu Surfaces for Phase Change Heat Transfer Applications, Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, Vol. 27, pp. 2163–2176, 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Ranjan, S.V. Garimella, and J.Y. Murthy, Assessment of Nanostructured Capillary Wicks for Passive Two-Phase Heat Transport, Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, Vol. 15, pp. 179–194, 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.J. Gokhale, J.L. Plawsky, and P.C. Wayner, Jr., Spreading, Evaporation, and Contact Line Dynamics of Surfactant-Laden Microdrops, Langmuir, Vol. 21, pp. 8188–8197, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Ojha, A. Chatterjee, F. Mont, E.F. Schubert, P.C. Wayner, Jr., and J.L. Plawsky, The Role of Solid Surface Structure on Dropwise Phase Change Processes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, pp. 910–922, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Barberis and M. Capurro, Wetting in the Nanoscale: A Continuum Mechanics Approach, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 326, pp. 201–210, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Kamrin, M.Z. Bazant, and H.A. Stone, Effective Slip Boundary Conditions for Arbitrary Periodic Surfaces: The Surface Mobility Tensor, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 658, pp. 409–437, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.P. Rothstein, Slip on Superhydrophobic Surfaces, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 42, pp. 89–109, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Miljkovic, R. Enright, and E.N. Wang, Effect of Droplet Morphology on Growth Dynamics and Heat Transfer during Condensation on Superhydrophobic Nanostructured Surfaces, ACS Nano, Vol. 6, pp. 1776–1785, 2012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.M. Pratt and K.D. Kihm, Binary Fluid Mixture and Thermocapillary Effects on the Wetting Characteristics of a Heated Curved Meniscus, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 125, pp. 867–874, 2003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Savinoa, N. di Francescantonio, R. Fortezza, and Y. Abe, Heat Pipes with Binary Mixtures and Inverse Marangoni Effects for Microgravity Applications, Acta Astronomica, Vol. 61, pp. 16–26, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• N. di Francescantonio, R. Savino, and Y. Abe, New Alcohol Solutions for Heat Pipes: Marangoni Effect and Heat Transfer Enhancement, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 51, pp.6199–6207, 2008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.M. Armijo and V.P. Carey, An Experimental Study of Heat Pipe Performance Using Binary Mixture Fluids That Exhibit Strong Concentration Marangoni Effects, Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, Vol. 3, 031003, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• S.S. Panchamgam, J.L. Plawsky, and P.C. Wayner, Jr., Spreading Characteristics and Microscale Evaporative Heat Transfer in an Ultrathin Film Containing a Binary Mixture, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 128, pp. 1266–1275, 2006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.J. Gokhale, S.S. DasGupta, J.L. Plawsky, P.C. Wayner, Jr., Reflectivity Based Evaluation of the Coalescence of Two Condensing Drops and Shape Evolution of the Coalesced Drop, Physical Review E, Vol. 70, No. 5, 051610, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• K. Ibrahem, M.F. Abd Rabbo, T. Gambaryan-Roisman, and P. Stephan, Experimental Investigation of Evaporative Heat Transfer Characteristics at the 3-Phase Contact Line, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 34, pp. 1036–1041, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Raj, C. Kunkelmann, P. Stephan, J. Plawsky, and J. Kim, Contact Line Behavior for a Highly Wetting Fluid under Superheated Conditions, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 55, pp. 2664–2675, 2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Sefiane and C.A. Ward, Recent Advances on Thermocapillary Flows and Interfacial Conditions during the Evaporation of Liquids, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 134–135, pp. 201–223, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Su, H.B. Ma, X. Han, H. Chen, and B. Tian, Ultra-High Cooling Rate Utilizing Thin Film Evaporation, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, 113702, 2012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.P. Migliaccio, H.K. Dhavaleswarapu, and S.V. Garimella, Temperature Measurements Near the Contact Line of an Evaporating Meniscus V-Groove, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 54, pp. 1520–1526, 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.B. Ma, P. Cheng, and B. Borgmeyer, Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in the Evaporating Thin Film Region, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Vol. 4, pp. 237–243, 2008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.K. Dhavalewsarapu, S.V. Garimella, and J.Y. Murthy, Microscale Temperature Measurements near the Triple Line of an Evaporating Thin Liquid Film, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 131, 061501, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• G. Ramon and A. Oron, Capillary Rise of a Meniscus with Phase Change, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 327, pp. 145–151, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V.S. Nikolayev, Dynamics of the Triple Contact Line on a Nonisothermal Heater at Partial Wetting, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 22, 082105, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• C. Yan and H.B. Ma, Analytical Solutions of Heat Transfer and Film Thickness in Thin Film Evaporation, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 135, 031501, 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Ren, D. Hu, and E. Weinan, Continuum Models for the Contact Line Problem, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 22, 102103, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• H. Wang, S.V. Garimella, and J.Y. Murthy, Characteristics of an Evaporating Thin Film in a Microchannel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50, pp. 3933–3942, 2007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.K. Dhavaleswarapu, J.Y. Murthy, and S.V. Garimella, Numerical Investigation of an Evaporating Meniscus in a Channel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 55, pp. 915–924, 2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V.S. Ajaev, T. Gambaryan-Roisman, and P. Stephan, Static and Dynamic Contact Angles of Evaporating Liquids on Heated Surfaces, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 342, pp. 550–558, 2010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V.P. Carey and A.P. Wemhoff, Disjoining Pressure Effects in Ultra-Thin Liquid Films in Micropassages—Comparison of Thermodynamic Theory With Predictions of Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 128, pp. 1276–1284, 2006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.C. Maroo and J.N. Chung, Heat Transfer Characteristics and Pressure Variation in a Nanoscale Evaporating Meniscus, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, pp. 3335–3345, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Nagayama, M. Kawagoe, A. Tokunaga, and T. Tsuruta, On the Evaporation Rate of Ultra-Thin Liquid Film at the Nanostructured Surface: A Molecular Dynamics Study, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 49, pp. 59–66, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Liu, S. Chen, X. Nie, and M.O. Robbins, A Continuum–Atomistic Simulation of Heat Transfer in Micro- and Nano-Flows, Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 227, pp. 279–291, 2007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.B. Freund, The Atomic Detail of an Evaporating Meniscus, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 17, 022104, 2005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Narayanan, A.G. Fedorov, and Y. Joshi, Interfacial Transport of Evaporating Water Confined in Nanopores, Langmuir, Vol. 27, pp. 10666–10676, 2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V.P. Carey, Liquid Vapor Phase Change Phenomena: An Introduction to the Thermophysics of Vaporization and Condensation Processes in Heat Transfer Equipment, 2nd ed., Taylor & Francis, New York, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• A.M. Benselam, S. Harmand, and K. Sefiane, Thermocapillary Effects on Steadily Evaporating Contact Line: A Perturbative Local Analysis, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 24, 072105, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• A. Oron, S.H. Davis, and S.G. Bankoff, Long-Scale Evolution of Thin Liquid Films, Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 69, pp. 931–980, 1997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Ajaev, Instability and Rupture of Thin Liquid Films on Solid Substrates, Journal of Interfacial Phenomena and Heat Transfer, Vol. 1, pp. 81–92, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• S. Narayanan, A. Fedorov, and Y. Joshi, Interfacial Transport of Evaporating Water Confined in Nanopores, Langmuir, Vol. 27, pp. 10666–10676, 2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.K. Bodla, J.Y. Murthy, and S.V. Garimella, Direct Simulation of Thermal Transport Through Sintered Wick Microstructures, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 134, 012602, 2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.K. Bodla, J.Y. Murthy, and S.V. Garimella, Evaporation Analysis in Sintered Wick Microstructures, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 61, pp. 729–741, 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.K. Bodla, J.A. Weibel, and S.V. Garimella, Advances in Fluid and Thermal Transport Property Analysis and Design of Sintered Porous Wick Microstructures, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 135, 061202, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• R. Ranjan, J.Y. Murthy, and S.V. Garimella, Marangoni Convection and Thin-Film Evaporation in Microstructured Wicks for Heat Pipes, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 132, 080902, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• R. Ranjan, J.Y. Murthy, S.V. Garimella, and U. Vadakkan, A Numerical Model for Transport in Flat Heat Pipes Considering Wick Microstructure Effects, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 54, pp. 153−168, 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A. Hanlon and H.B. Ma, Evaporation Heat Transfer in Sintered Porous Media, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 125, pp. 644–653, 2003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Ranjan, J.Y. Murthy, and S.V. Garimella, A Microscale Model for Thin-Film Evaporation in Capillary Wick Structures, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 54, pp. 169–179, 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Nam, S. Sharratt, G. Cha, and Y.S. Ju, Characterization and Modeling of the Heat Transfer Performance of Nanostructured Cu Micropost Wicks, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 133, 101502, 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.K. Bodla, J.Y. Murthy, and S.V. Garimella, Evaporation Analysis of Sintered Wick Microstructures, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 61, pp. 729–741, 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Narayanan, A. Fedorov, and Y. Joshi, Gas-Assisted Thin-Film Evaporation from Confined Spaces for Dissipation of High Heat Fluxes, Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, Vol. 13, pp. 30–53, 2009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.C. Wayner, Jr., Interfacial Profile in the Contact Line Region of a Finite Contact Angle System, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 77, pp. 495–500, 1980.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Mugele and J.-C. Baret, Electrowetting: From Basics to Applications, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 17, pp. R705–R774, 2005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Basu and M.M. Sharma, Measurements of Critical Disjoining Pressure for Dewetting of Solid Surfaces, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 181, pp. 443–455, 1996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.N. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, 3rd ed., Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• R. Marek and J. Straub, Analysis of the Evaporation Coefficient and the Condensation Coefficient of Water, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 44, pp. 39–53, 2001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. Dai, F. Yang, R. Yang, Y.-C. Lee, and C. Li, Micromembrane-Enhanced Capillary Evaporation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 64, pp. 1101–1108, 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Narayanan, A.G. Fedorov, and Y.K. Joshi, On-Chip Thermal Management of Hotspots Using a Perspiration Nanopatch, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 20, 075010, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• X. Dai, F. Yang, Y.-C. Lee, R. Yang, and C. Li, Micromembrane Enhanced Capillary Evaporation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 64, pp. 1101–1108, 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Narayanan, A. Fedorov, and Y. Joshi, Heat And Mass Transfer during Evaporation of Thin Liquid Films Confined by Porous Membrane Subjected to Air Jet Impingement, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 58, pp. 300–311, 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Sun, G. Wang, L. Feng, B. Liu, Y. Ma, L. Jiang, and D. Zhu, Reversible Switching between Superhydrophilicity and Superhydrophobicity, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 43, pp. 357–360, 2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Yang, X. Dai, Y. Peles, P. Cheng, and C. Li, Can Multiple Flow Boiling Regimes Be Reduced into a Single One in Microchannels?, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, 043122, 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.-J. Zhao, M. Huang, Q. Mina, D.M. Christopher, and Y.-Y. Duan, Thermal Resistance for Thin-Film Evaporation in Microchannels, Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, Vol. 15, pp. 105–122, 2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.S. Hwang, Y. Nam, E. Fleming, P. Dussinger, Y.S. Ju, and M. Kaviany, Multi-Artery Heat Pipe Spreader: Experiment, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, pp. 2662–2669, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Autumn, M. Sitti, Y.A. Liang, A.M. Peattie, W.R. Hansen, S. Sponberg, T.W. Kenny, R. Fearing, J.N. Israelachvili, and R.J. Full, Evidence for Van Der Waals Adhesion in Gecko Setae, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 99, pp. 12252–12256, 2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Bar-Cohen, G. Sherwood, M. Hodes, and G. Solbreken, Gas-Assisted Evaporative Cooling of High Density Electronic Modules, IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology, Part A, Vol. 18, pp. 502–509, 1995.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.Y. Gatapova and O.A. Kabov, Shear-Driven Flows of Locally Heated Liquid Films, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 51, 4797–4810, 2008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.-T. Cheng, D.E. Rodak, A. Angelopoulos, and T. Gacek, Microscopic Observations of Condensation of Water on Lotus Leaves, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 87, pp. 194112–194113, 2005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Pence, The Simplicity of Fractal-Like Flow Networks for Effective Heat and Mass Transport, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 34, pp. 474–486, 2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Salakij, J.A. Liburdy, D.V. Pence, and M. Apreotesi, Modeling in-situ Vapor Extraction during Convective Boiling in Fractal-Like Branching Microchannel Networks, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 60, pp. 700–712, 2013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar