Does corneal tattooing affect the conjunctival microbiota?

References

• Al-Shymali O, Rodriguez AE, Amesty MA, et al. Superficial keratopigmentation: an alternative solution for patients with cosmetically or functionally impaired eyes. Cornea. 2019;38(1):54–61. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000001753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tianthong W, Aryasit O. Outcomes of evisceration or enucleation by resident trainees in patients with recalcitrant endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis. Medicine. 2022;101(30):e29932. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balakrishnan N, Agrawal S, Bhargava R, et al. Psychosocial factors among patients undergoing orbital exenteration. Clin Exp Optom. 2023;106(6):626–632. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2106781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowanz DH, Wawer Matos PA, Gordon E, et al. Evisceration, enucleation and exenteration-Indications, techniques, and postoperative care. Ophthalmologie. 2023;120(2):126–138. doi: 10.1007/s00347-022-01791-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cunningham WJ, Brookes NH, Twohill HC, et al. Trends in the distribution of donor corneal tissue and indications for corneal transplantation: the New Zealand national eye bank study 2000-2009. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012; 40(2):141–147. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02681.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz OF, Oguz H. Aesthetic corneal tattooing/keratopigmentation using tattoo pen machine: choosing suitable method and color. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. [cited 2023 Jun 15]. doi: 10.1007/s00417-023-06135-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu X, Wei L, Rong X, et al. Conjunctival microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and influences of perioperative use of topical levofloxacin in ocular surgery. Front Med. 2021; 8:605639. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.605639.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mergen B, Onal I, Gulmez A, et al. Conjunctival microbiota and blepharitis symptom scores in patients with ocular rosacea. Eye Contact Lens. 2023;49(8):339–343. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000001008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song H, Xiao K, Chen Z, et al. Analysis of conjunctival sac microbiome in dry eye patients with and without Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Med. 2022; 9:841112. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.841112.
   Google Scholar
• Charnock C. [Tattooing dyes and pigments contaminated with bacteria]. Tidsskr Den nor Laegeforening Tidsskr Prakt Med Ny Raekke. 2004;124:933–935.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonadonna L. Survey of studies on microbial contamination of marketed tattoo inks. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2015; 48:190–195. doi: 10.1159/000369226.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nho SW, Kim M, Kweon O, et al. Microbial contamination of tattoo and permanent makeup inks marketed in the US: a follow-up study. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2020;71(4):351–358. doi: 10.1111/lam.13353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briancesco R, Paduano S, Paradiso R, et al. Survival of different microbial strains in pure and diluted tattoo inks. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2023;76(7):ovad078. doi: 10.1093/lambio/ovad078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nho SW, Kim SJ, Kweon O, et al. Microbiological survey of commercial tattoo and permanent makeup inks available in the United States. J Appl Microbiol. 2018;124(5):1294–1302. doi: 10.1111/jam.13713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay MK, Perti TR, Duchin JS. Tattoo-associated Mycobacterium haemophilum skin infection in immunocompetent adult, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(9):1734–1736. doi: 10.3201/eid1709.102011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tendas A, Niscola P, Barbati R, et al. Tattoo related pyoderma/ectyma gangrenous as presenting feature of relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia: an exceptionally rare observation. Injury. 2011;42(5):546–547. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2010.08.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang M, Zhang J, Wan X, et al. Conjunctival sac flora and drug susceptibility analysis in normal children in east China. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023;23(1):248. doi: 10.1186/s12886-023-02995-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siciliano V, Passerotto RA, Chiuchiarelli M, et al. Difficult-to-treat pathogens: a review on the management of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Life. 2023;13(5):1126. doi: 10.3390/life13051126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levin HJ, Mehta MS, Storey PP, et al. Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: visual outcomes, microbial spectrum and complications. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2023;34(3):237–242. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoo P, Cabrera-Aguas M, Robaei D, et al. Microbial keratitis and ocular surface disease: a 5-year study of the microbiology, risk factors and clinical outcomes in Sydney, Australia. Curr Eye Res. 2019;44(11):1195–1202. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1631852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen KJ, Sun MH, Tsai ASH, et al. Staphylococcus lugdunensis endophthalmitis: case series and literature review. Antibiotics. 2022;11(11):1485. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111485.
   Google Scholar
• Panda S, Kar S, Sharma S, et al. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates from infected eyes and healthy conjunctivae in India. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2016; 6:154–159. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.05.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadhwani M, D’souza P, Jain R, et al. Conjunctivitis in the newborn—a comparative study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2011;54(2):254–257. doi: 10.4103/0377-4929.81584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung JK, Lee SJ. Streptococcus mitis/oralis endophthalmitis management without phakic intraocular lens removal in patient with iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens implantation. BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14(1):92. doi: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matthews JL, Dubovy SR, Goldberg RA, et al. Histopathology of Streptococcus mitis/oralis endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection with bevacizumab: a report of 7 patients. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(3):702–708. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.10.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers CM, Scott EM, Sarawichitr B, et al. Evaluation of the bacterial ocular surface microbiome in ophthalmologically normal dogs prior to and following treatment with topical neomycin-polymyxin-bacitracin. PLoS One. 2020;15(6):e0234313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Płoneczka-Janeczko K, Bania J, Bierowiec K, et al. Bacterial diversity in feline conjunctiva based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis: a pilot study. Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:3710404–3710405. doi: 10.1155/2017/3710404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joussen AM, Funke G, Joussen F, et al. Corynebacterium macginleyi: a conjunctiva specific pathogen. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84(12):1420–1422. doi: 10.1136/bjo.84.12.1420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki T, Kitazawa K, Deguchi H, et al. Current evidence for corynebacterium on the ocular surface. Microorganisms. 2021;9(2):254. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoshi S, Todokoro D, Sasaki T. Corynebacterium species of the conjunctiva and nose: dominant species and species-related differences of antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Cornea. 2020;39(11):1401–1406. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000002445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes M, Sharma S. Polymicrobial and microsporidial keratitis in a patient using Boston scleral contact lens for Sjogren’s syndrome and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2013;36(2):95–97. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2012.10.082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyndrickx M, Lebbe L, Kersters K, et al. Proposal of Virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1999;49(Pt 3):1083–1090. doi: 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1083.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Venkateswaran N, Kalsow CM, Hindman HB. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis associated with Dolosigranulum pigrum. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014;22(3):242–245. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2013.841484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampo M, Ghazouani O, Cadiou D, et al. Dolosigranulum pigrum keratitis: a three-case series. BMC Ophthalmol. 2013;13(1):31. doi: 10.1186/1471-2415-13-31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lam H, Khundkar T, Koozekanani D, et al. Rothia mucilaginosa endophthalmitis associated with iStent inject implantation. J Glaucoma. 2022;31(6):e37–e40. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oie S, Mochizuki K, Ishida K, et al. Case of late-onset bleb associated endophthalmitis caused by Rothia mucilaginosa. J Infect Chemother. 2016;22(9):645–647. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.02.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kailasanathan A, Anderson DF. Infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by Gemella haemolysans. Cornea. 2007;26(5):643–644. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3180439c0c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kate A, Bagga B, Ramazanova K, et al. Risk factors, clinical features and outcomes of Neisseria keratitis. Int Ophthalmol. 2021;41(10):3361–3369. doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-01898-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy R, Das D, Kumar S, et al. Postcataract surgery endophthalmitis caused by Acinetobacter lwoffii. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2015;22(2):253–254. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.151974.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar