References
- Aldieri, E., et al., 2013. The role of iron impurities in the toxic effects exerted by short multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in murine alveolar macrophages. Journal of toxicology and environmental health, part A, 76, 1056–1071.
- Banerjee, S., Kahn, M.G., and Wong, S.S., 2003. Rational chemical strategies for carbon nanotube functionalization. Chemistry – a European journal, 9, 1898–1908.
- Bayraktar, H., et al., 2016. A multipoint (49 points) study of dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Erzurum, Turkey by using surrogated snow surface samplers. Environmental science and pollution research, 23, 12400–12413.
- Bekker, C., et al., 2015. Occupational exposure to nano-objects and their agglomerates and aggregates across various life cycle stages; a broad-scale exposure study. The annals of occupational hygiene, 59, 681–704.
- Bellucci, S., et al., 2014. Biological effects of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on human cancer and normal cell lines. Jacobs journal of nanomedicine and nanotechnology, 1, 1–5.
- Birch, M.E., et al., 2011. Exposure and emissions monitoring during carbon nanofiber production—Part I: elemental carbon and iron–soot aerosols. Annals of occupational hygiene, 55, 1016–1036.
- Boonruksa, P., et al., 2016. Characterization of potential exposures to nanoparticles and fibers during manufacturing and recycling of carbon nanotube reinforced polypropylene composites. Annals of occupational hygiene, 60, 40–55.
- Brhane, Y., and Gabriel, T., 2016. Production, purification and functionalization of carbon nanotube for medical application. International research journal of pharmacy, 7, 19–27.
- Canapè, C., et al., 2015. Comparative assessment of the in vitro toxicity of some functionalized carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. RSC advances, 5, 68446–68453.
- Castranova, V., Schulte, P.A., and Zumwalde, R.D., 2013. Occupational nanosafety considerations for carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. Accounts of chemical research, 46, 642–649.
- Chatterjee, N., et al., 2014. Potential toxicity of differential functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in human cell line (BEAS2B) and Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of toxicology and environmental health, part A, 77, 1399–1408.
- Cho, J., Boccaccini, A.R., and Shaffer, M.S., 2012. The influence of reagent stoichiometry on the yield and aspect ratio of acid-oxidised injection CVD-grown multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 50, 3967–3976.
- Cui, D., et al., 2005. Effect of single wall carbon nanotubes on human HEK293 cells. Toxicology letters, 155, 73–85.
- Dahm, M.M., et al., 2012. Occupational exposure assessment in carbon nanotube and nanofiber primary and secondary manufacturers. The annals of occupational hygiene, 56, 542–556.
- De Volder, M.F.L., et al., 2013. Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications. Science, 339, 535–539.
- Dong, C., et al., 2015. Carbon nanotube uptake changes the biomechanical properties of human lung epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. Journal of materials chemistry B, 3, 3983–3992.
- Figarol, A., et al., 2015. In vitro toxicity of carbon nanotubes, nano-graphite and carbon black, similar impacts of acid functionalization. Toxicology in vitro, 30, 476–485.
- Flowers, L., Ohnishi, S.T., and Penning, T.M., 1997. DNA strand scission by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon o-quinones: role of reactive oxygen species, Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox cycling, and o-semiquinone anion radicals. Biochemistry, 36, 8640–8648.
- Foldyna, J., Foldyna, V., and Zeleňák, M., 2016. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes for application in cement composites. Procedia engineering, 149, 94–99.
- Gao, B., et al., 2015. Source apportionment of atmospheric PAHs and their toxicity using PMF: impact of gas/particle partitioning. Atmospheric environment, 103, 114–120.
- Gauthier, P.T., et al., 2014. Metal–PAH mixtures in the aquatic environment: a review of co-toxic mechanisms leading to more-than-additive outcomes. Aquatic toxicology, 154, 253–269.
- Glomstad, B., et al., 2016. Carbon nanotube properties influence adsorption of phenanthrene and subsequent bioavailability and toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Environmental science & technology, 50, 2660–2668.
- Guerreiro, C., et al., 2016. Benzo (a) pyrene in Europe: ambient air concentrations, population exposure and health effects. Environmental pollution, 214, 657–667.
- Hamilton, R.F., et al., 2013. Effect of MWCNT size, carboxylation, and purification on in vitro and in vivo toxicity, inflammation and lung pathology. Particle and fibre toxicology, 10, 57.
- Harper, S., et al., 2015. Measuring nanomaterial release from carbon nanotube composites: review of the state of the science. 4th International Conference on Safe Production and Use of Nanomaterials (Nanosafe2014). Journal of physics: conference series 617, 012026.
- Harris, P.J.F., 2009. Carbon nanotube science: synthesis, properties and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- IARC, 2012. Chemical agents and related occupations. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, 100, 9.
- Iijima, S., 1991. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature, 354, 56–58.
- Jain, S., et al., 2011. Toxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with end defects critically depends on their functionalization density. Chemical research in toxicology, 24, 2028–2039.
- Jensen, K.A., et al., 2011. Final protocol for producing suitable manufactured nanomaterial exposure media. The generic NANOGENOTOX dispersion protocol.
- Ju, L., et al., 2014. Proteomic analysis of cellular response induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes exposure in A549 cells. PLoS one, 9, e84974.
- Köhler, A.R., et al., 2008. Studying the potential release of carbon nanotubes throughout the application life cycle. Journal of cleaner production, 16, 927–937.
- Kolosnjaj-Tabi, J., et al., 2015. Anthropogenic carbon nanotubes found in the airways of Parisian children. EBioMedicine, 2, 1697–1704.
- Kuijpers, E., et al., 2016. Occupational exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes during commercial production synthesis and handling. Annals of occupational hygiene, 60, 305–317.
- Kumar, S., et al., 2017. Carbon nanotubes: a novel material for multifaceted applications in human healthcare. Chemical society reviews, 46, 158–196.
- Kumarathasan, P., et al., 2015. Cytotoxicity of carbon nanotube variants: a comparative in vitro exposure study with A549 epithelial and J774 macrophage cells. Nanotoxicology, 9, 148–161.
- Lagally, C., et al., 2012. Carbon nanotube and fullerene emissions from spark-ignited engines. Aerosol science and technology, 46, 156–164.
- Lanone, S., et al., 2013. Determinants of carbon nanotube toxicity. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 65, 2063–2069.
- Lebel, C.P., Ischiropoulos, H., and Bondy, S.C., 1992. Evaluation of the probe 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin as an indicator of reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress. Chemical research in toxicology, 5, 227–231.
- Lee, S., Khang, D., and Kim, S.-H., 2015. High dispersity of carbon nanotubes diminishes immunotoxicity in spleen. International journal of nanomedicine, 10, 2697.
- Linard, E.N., et al., 2017. Bioavailability of carbon nanomaterial-adsorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Pimphales promelas: influence of adsorbate molecular size and configuration. Environmental science & technology, 51, 9288–9296.
- Linard, E.N., et al., 2015. Influence of carbon nanotubes on the bioavailability of fluoranthene. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 34, 658–666.
- Liu, Y., et al., 2015. Chemical and toxicological evolution of carbon nanotubes during atmospherically relevant aging processes. Environmental science & technology, 49, 2806–2814.
- Liu, Y., et al., 2012. Understanding the toxicity of carbon nanotubes. Accounts of chemical research, 46, 702–713.
- Liu, Z., et al., 2014. Carboxylation of multiwalled carbon nanotube enhanced its biocompatibility with L02 cells through decreased activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Journal of biomedical materials research part A, 102, 665–673.
- Luyts, K., et al., 2013. How physico-chemical characteristics of nanoparticles cause their toxicity: complex and unresolved interrelations. Environmental science: processes & impacts, 15, 23–38.
- Mohammadian, Y., et al., 2013. Cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and chrysotile to human lung epithelial cells. Toxicological & environmental chemistry, 95, 1037–1047.
- Mosmann, T., 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of immunological methods, 65, 55–63.
- Mrakovcic, M., et al., 2015. Carboxylated short single-walled carbon nanotubes but not plain and multi-walled short carbon nanotubes show in vitro genotoxicity. Toxicological sciences, 144, 114–127.
- Murphy, F.A., et al., 2012. The mechanism of pleural inflammation by long carbon nanotubes: interaction of long fibres with macrophages stimulates them to amplify pro-inflammatory responses in mesothelial cells. Particle and fibre toxicology, 9, 8.
- Muthusamy, S., Peng, C., and Ng, J.C., 2016. Effects of binary mixtures of benzo [a] pyrene, arsenic, cadmium, and lead on oxidative stress and toxicity in HepG2 cells. Toxicology research, 165, 41–51.
- Nagai, H., and Toyokuni, S., 2012. Differences and similarities between carbon nanotubes and asbestos fibers during mesothelial carcinogenesis: shedding light on fiber entry mechanism. Cancer science, 103, 1378–1390.
- Poland, C.A., et al., 2008. Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study. Nature nanotechnology, 3, 423–428.
- Pulskamp, K., Diabaté, S., and Krug, H.F., 2007. Carbon nanotubes show no sign of acute toxicity but induce intracellular reactive oxygen species in dependence on contaminants. Toxicology letters, 168, 58–74.
- Sarkar, S., et al., 2007. Analysis of stress responsive genes induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes in BJ Foreskin cells. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 7, 584–592.
- Schlagenhauf, L., Nüesch, F., and Wang, J., 2014. Release of carbon nanotubes from polymer nanocomposites. Fibers, 2, 108–127.
- Schwab, F., et al., 2013. Diuron sorbed to carbon nanotubes exhibits enhanced toxicity to Chlorella vulgaris. Environmental science & technology, 47, 7012–7019.
- Serpell, C.J., Kostarelos, K., and Davis, B.G., 2016. Can carbon nanotubes deliver on their promise in biology? Harnessing unique properties for unparalleled applications. ACS central science, 2, 190–200.
- Shulaev, V., and Oliver, D.J., 2006. Metabolic and proteomic markers for oxidative stress. New tools for reactive oxygen species research. Plant physiology, 141, 367–372.
- Siegrist, K.J., et al., 2014. Genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes at occupationally relevant doses. Particle and fibre toxicology, 11, 6.
- Simon, A., et al., 2014. Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on several eukaryotic cell lines: elucidating cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation. Nanoscale research letters, 9, 396.
- Song, M., et al., 2014. Co-exposure of carboxyl-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes and 17α-ethinylestradiol in cultured cells: effects on bioactivity and cytotoxicity. Environmental science & technology, 48, 13978–13984.
- Srivastava, R.K., et al., 2011. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line-A549. Nanotoxicology, 5, 195–207.
- Sweeney, S., et al., 2016. Carboxylation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes reduces their toxicity in primary human alveolar macrophages. Environmental science: nano, 3, 1340–1350.
- Tabet, L., et al., 2011. Coating carbon nanotubes with a polystyrene-based polymer protects against pulmonary toxicity. Particle and fibre toxicology, 8, 3.
- Tiwari, A.J., and Marr, L.C., 2010. The role of atmospheric transformations in determining environmental impacts of carbonaceous nanoparticles. Journal of environment quality, 39, 1883–1895.
- Ursini, C.L., et al., 2015. Evaluation of uptake, cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects in respiratory cells exposed to pristine and‐OH and‐COOH functionalized multi‐wall carbon nanotubes. Journal of applied toxicology, 36, 394–403.
- Vietti, G., Lison, D., and Van Den Brule, S., 2016. Mechanisms of lung fibrosis induced by carbon nanotubes: towards an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP). Particle and fibre toxicology, 13, 11.
- Visalli, G., et al., 2015. Toxicological assessment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on A549 human lung epithelial cells. Toxicology in vitro, 29, 352–362.
- Wang, J., and Pui, D.Y., 2011. Characterization, exposure measurement and control for nanoscale particles in workplaces and on the road. Journal of physics: conference series, 304, 012008.
- Wang, W., et al., 2014. Adsorption of bisphenol A to a carbon nanotube reduced its endocrine disrupting effect in mice male offspring. International journal of molecular sciences, 15, 15981–15993.
- Wang, X., et al., 2011. Sorption of peat humic acids to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Environmental science & technology, 45, 9276–9283.
- Wang, Y., Iqbal, Z., and Mitra, S., 2006. Rapidly functionalized, water-dispersed carbon nanotubes at high concentration. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 95–99.
- Wannhoff, A., et al., 2013. Oxidative and nitrosative stress and apoptosis in oral mucosa cells after ex vivo exposure to lead and benzo [a] pyrene. Toxicology in vitro, 27, 915–921.
- Wei, H., et al., 2015. Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from different types of motor vehicles’ exhaust. Environmental earth sciences, 74, 5557–5564.
- Wu, W., et al., 2016. Correlation and prediction of adsorption capacity and affinity of aromatic compounds on carbon nanotubes. Water research, 88, 492–501.
- Xia, X., et al., 2012. Effects of carbon nanotubes, chars, and ash on bioaccumulation of perfluorochemicals by Chironomus plumosus larvae in sediment. Environmental science & technology, 46, 12467–12475.
- Xue, W., and Warshawsky, D., 2005. Metabolic activation of polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DNA damage: a review. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 206, 73–93.