751
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Ideology, Clericalism, and Socialization: Some Reflections on the Sociology of the Afghan Taliban

References

  • Abbas, Hassan. 2023. The Return of the Taliban: Afghanistan after the Americans Left. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Abou El Fadl, Khaled. 2001. Speaking in God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women. Oxford: Oneworld.
  • Abou El Fadl, Khaled. 2005. The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists. San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco.
  • Akbari, Farkhondeh. 2022. “Actors in Diplomacy: Peace Settlements with Non-State Armed Actors. The Khmer Rouge and the Taliban.” Unpublished PhD thesis, The Australian National University.
  • Akbari, Farkhondeh, and Jacqui True. 2022. “One Year on from the Taliban Takeover of Afghanistan: Re-Instituting Gender Apartheid.” Australian Journal of International Affairs 76 (6): 624–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2022.2107172.
  • Akhavi, Shahrough. 1980. Religion and Politics in Contemporary Iran: Clergy-State Relations in the Pahlavi Period. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Amanat, Abbas. 1997. Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy 1851-1896. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Arnold, T. W. 1924. The Caliphate. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Asia Foundation. 2019. A Survey of the Afghan People: Afghanistan in 2019. Kabul: The Asia Foundation.
  • Bátora, Josef, and Nik Hynek. 2014. Fringe Players and the Diplomatic Order: The “New” Heteronomy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Becker, Elizabeth. 1998. When the War Was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution. New York: PublicAffairs.
  • Brown, Archie. 2016. “Against the Führerprinzip: For Collective Leadership.” Dædalus 145 (3): 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00401.
  • Chayes, Sarah. 2009. “‘Lower Your Sights’ Is the Wrong Vision for Afghanistan.” The Los Angeles Times, March 27.
  • Churchill, Winston. 1990. The Story of the Malakand Field Force. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Clark, Kate. 2023. Bans on Women Working, Then and Now: The Dilemmas of Delivering Humanitarian Aid during the First and Second Islamic Emirates. Kabul: Afghanistan Analysts Network.
  • Coll, Steve. 2005. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. London: Penguin.
  • Cooper, Kenneth J. 1998. “Afghanistan’s Taliban: Going Beyond Its Islamic Upbringing.” The Washington Post, March 9.
  • Davis, Anthony. 1998. “How the Taliban Became a Military Force.” In Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban, edited by William Maley, 43–71. London: Hurst & Co.
  • Dupree, Louis. 1980. Afghanistan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Enayat, Hamid. 1982. Modern Islamic Political Thought: The Response of the Shī”ī and Sunnī Muslims to the Twentieth Century. London: Macmillan.
  • Friedmann, Yohann. 2003. Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gall, Carlotta. 2015. “Mullah Muhammad Omar, Enigmatic Leader of Afghan Taliban, Is Dead.” The New York Times, July 31.
  • Gall, Carlotta, and Ruhullah Khapalwak. 2017. “Taliban Leader Feared Pakistan Before He Was Killed.” The New York Times, August 9.
  • George, Susannah. 2022. “Taliban Struggles to Respond to Earthquake Amid International Isolation.” The Washington Post, June 24.
  • Gill, Graeme. 1984. “Personality Cult, Political Culture and Party Structure.” Studies in Comparative Communism 17 (2): 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3592(84)90008-5.
  • Hakimi, Mehdi J. 2023. “Relentless Atrocities: The Persecution of Hazaras.” Michigan Journal of International Law 44 (2): 157–217. https://doi.org/10.36642/mjil.44.2.relentless.
  • Haqqani, Sirajuddin. 2020. “What We, the Taliban, Want.” The New York Times, February 20.
  • Holmes, Marcus. 2018. Face-to-Face Diplomacy: Social Neuroscience and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Human Rights Watch. 2010. The “Ten-Dollar Talib” and Women’s Rights: Afghan Women and the Risks of Reintegration and Reconciliation. New York: Human Rights Watch.
  • Ibrahimi, Niamatullah. 2017. The Hazaras and the Afghan State: Rebellion, Exclusion and the Struggle for Recognition. London: Hurst & Co.
  • Ibrahimi, Niamatullah, and Abbas Farasoo. 2022. “Understanding Shifts in US Policies towards the Taliban: A Critical Analysis.” Millennium 50 (3): 810–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/03058298221130114.
  • Jackson, Ashley, and Florian Weigand. 2023. “How the Taliban are Losing the Peace in Afghanistan.” Current History 122 (843): 143–148. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.843.143.
  • Jamal, Ahmad Shuja, and William Maley. 2023. The Decline and Fall of Republican Afghanistan. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Jervis, Robert. 1976. Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Jervis, Robert. 2017. How Statesmen Think: The Psychology of International Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Johnson, Thomas H. 2017. Taliban Narratives: The Use and Power of Stories in the Afghanistan Conflict. London: Hurst & Co.
  • Johnson, Dominic D. P. 2020. Strategic Instincts: The Adaptive Advantages of Cognitive Biases in International Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Kennedy, Hugh. 2016. Caliphate: The History of an Idea. New York: Basic Books.
  • Kertzer, David I. 2014. The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe. New York: Random House.
  • Kertzer, David I. 2018. The Pope Who Would Be King: The Exile of Pius IX and the Emergence of Modern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Khalid, Sakhi. 2021. “The Taliban Have Not Set Perfect Standards for Governance.” Hasht-e Sobh, November 28.
  • Khalilzad, Zalmay. 1996. “Afghanistan: Time to Reengage.” The Washington Post, October 7.
  • Khan, Riaz Mohammad. 2011. Afghanistan and Pakistan: Conflict, Extremism, and Resistance to Modernity. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
  • Khan, Haq Nawaz, and Pamela Constable. 2018. “After Slaying of “Father of Taliban” in Pakistan, Mourners Underscore Complex Legacy.” The Washington Post, November 3.
  • Kiernan, Ben. 2008. The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Kiessling, Hein G. 2016. Faith, Unity, Discipline: The ISI of Pakistan. London: Hurst & Co.
  • Kilcullen, David. 2016. Blood Year: Islamic State and the Failures of the War on Terror. Melbourne: BlackInc.
  • Kimball, Charles. 2002. When Religion Becomes Evil. New York: HarperCollins.
  • Leake, Elisabeth. 2022. Afghan Crucible: The Soviet Invasion and the Making of Modern Afghanistan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Maley, William. 1998. “Introduction: Interpreting the Taliban.” In Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban, edited by William Maley, 1–28. London: Hurst & Co.
  • Maley, William. 2000. The Foreign Policy of the Taliban. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
  • Maley, William. 2007. “Talking to the Taliban.” The World Today 63 (11): 4–6.
  • Maley, William. 2015. “The Taliban: Fundamentalist, Traditionalist or Totalitarian?” In Afghanistan: Identity, Society and Politics Since 1980, edited by Micheline Centlivres-Demont, 101–104. London: I.B.Tauris.
  • Maley, William. 2018. Transition in Afghanistan: Hope, Despair and the Limits of Statebuilding. London: Routledge.
  • Maley, William. 2021a. The Afghanistan Wars. London: Macmillan/Red Globe Press.
  • Maley, William. 2021b. “Terrorism and Insurgency in Afghanistan.” In Terrorism, Security and Development in South Asia: National, Regional and Global Implications, edited by M. Raymond Izarali and Dalbir Ahlawat, 140–156. London: Routledge.
  • Maley, William, Farkhondeh Akbari and Niamatullah Ibrahimi. 2023. “Diplomatic Engagement with the Taliban: A Path Forward or a Black Hole?” JustSecurity, April 21.
  • Maley, William, and Ahmad Shuja Jamal. 2022. “Diplomacy of Disaster: The Afghanistan ‘Peace Process’ and the Taliban Occupation of Kabul” The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 17 (1): 32–63. https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191X-bja10089.
  • Malkasian, Carter. 2021. “What America Didn’t Understand About Its Longest War.” Politico, July 6.
  • Martin, Mike. 2014. An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict. London: Hurst & Co.
  • Mashal, Mujib. 2015. “Conflicting Reports on Taliban Leader’s Status Highlight Group’s Fraying Unity.” The New York Times, December 4.
  • Metcalf, Barbara D. 1982. Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860-1900. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Moore, Barrington, Jr. 2000. Moral Purity and Persecution in History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Munir, Muhammad. 2011. “The Layha for the Mujahideen: An Analysis of the Code of Conduct for the Taliban Fighters under Islamic Law.” International Review of the Red Cross 93 (881): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383111000075.
  • Murshed, S. Iftikhar. 2006. Afghanistan: The Taliban Years. London: Bennett & Bloom.
  • Nagamine, Yoshinobu. 2015. The Legitimization Strategy of the Taliban’s Code of Conduct: Through the One-Way Mirror. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Nasr, S. V. R. 2000a. “International Politics, Domestic Imperatives, and Identity Mobilization: Sectarianism in Pakistan, 1979-1998.” Comparative Politics 32 (2): 171–190. https://doi.org/10.2307/422396.
  • Nasr, S. V. R. 2000b. “The Rise of Sunni Militancy in Pakistan: The Changing Role of Islamism and the Ulama in Society and Politics.” Modern Asian Studies 34 (1): 139–180. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00003565.
  • Nawid, Senzil K. 1999. Religious Response to Social Change in Afghanistan 1919-1929: King Aman-Allah and the Afghan Ulama. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers.
  • Nozick, Robert. 1974. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • O’Malley, John W. 2018. Vatican I: The Council and the Making of the Ultramontane Church. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Passmore, John. 1970. The Perfectibility of Man. London: Duckworth.
  • Physicians for Human Rights. 1998. The Taliban’s War on Women: A Health and Human Rights Crisis in Afghanistan. Boston, MA: Physicians for Human Rights.
  • Piscatori, James, and Amin Saikal. 2019. Islam beyond Borders: The Umma in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rashid, Ahmed. 2000. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Richards, Anthony. 2015. Conceptualizing Terrorism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Royal Commission. 2017. Final Report: Religious Institutions. Canberra: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse Vol.16. Book 2.
  • Rubin, Barnett R. 2020. “In Long-Suffering Afghanistan, This Is a Peace Deal Worth Trying.” The Washington Post, February 17.
  • Rubin, Barnett R. 2021. Leveraging the Taliban’s Quest for International Recognition. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
  • Rubin, Barnett R., Ashraf Ghani, William Maley, Ahmed Rashid, and Olivier Roy. 2001. Afghanistan: Reconstruction and Peacebuilding in a Regional Framework. KOFF Peacebuilding Reports 1/2001. Bern: Swiss Peace Foundation.
  • Ruttig, Thomas. 2012. “How Tribal Are the Taliban?” In Under the Drones: Modern Lives in the Afghanistan-Pakistan Borderlands, edited by Shahzad Bashir and Robert D. Crews, 102–135. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Sayej, Caroleen Marji. 2018. Patriotic Ayatollahs: Nationalism in Post-Saddam Iraq. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Semple, Michael. 2014. Rhetoric, Ideology, and Organizational Structure of the Taliban Movement. Peaceworks Report no.102. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
  • Sharan, Timor. 2023a. Inside Afghanistan: Political Networks, Informal Order, and State Disruption. London: Routledge.
  • Sharan, Timor. 2023b. “Time for the United States to Rethink its Strategy for Afghanistan.” Just Security, April 20.
  • Shore, Zachary. 2014. A Sense of the Enemy: The High-Stakes History of Reading Your Rival’s Mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sinno, Abdulkader H. 2008. Organizations at War in Afghanistan and Beyond. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Sirrs, Owen L. 2017. Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. New York: Routledge.
  • Taylor, Telford. 1993. The Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Theros, Marika. 2023. “Knowledge, Power and the Failure of US Peacemaking in Afghanistan 2018–21.” International Affairs 99 (3): 1231–1252. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiad092.
  • Ullmann, Walter. 1975. Medieval Political Thought. London: Penguin.
  • United Nations. 1997. Interim Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Afghanistan Submitted by the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights in Accordance with General Assembly Resolution 51/108 and Economic and Social Council Decision 1997/273. United Nations: A/52/493. October 16.
  • United Nations. 2023. Situation of Women and Girls in Afghanistan – Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Afghanistan and the Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls. United Nations: A/HRC/53/21. June 15.
  • Wheeler, Nicholas J. 2018. Trusting Enemies: Interpersonal Relationships in International Conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • William, John Alden. 2009. “Fitnah.” In The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, edited by John L. Esposito, Vol. II, 260–262. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Zagorin, Perez. 2003. How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. 1998. “Sectarianism in Pakistan: The Radicalization of Shi‘i and Sunni Identities” Modern Asian Studies 32 (3): 689–716. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X98003217.
  • Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. 2002. The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. 2018. Islam in Pakistan: A History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.