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Original Articles

Our Educational Model of Participation Examined

Pages 79-88 | Published online: 16 Sep 2014

References

  • The making of decisions in an ongoing social process is defined to be the reduction of alternative courses of actions by an actor or actors in a decisionmaking system. See Paul A. Miller “The Process of Decision Making with the Center of Community Organization,” Rural Sociology XVLL No. 2, June, 1952, pp. 153–161.
  • Spiegel, Hans B. C., and Stephen D. Mittenthal, “The Many Faces of Citizen Participation: A Bibliographic Overview,” Hans B.C. Spiegel (ed.) Citizen Participation in Urban Development, Vol. 1 - Concepts and Issues; Washington, D.C.; NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, 1968, pp. 3–4.
  • Anderson, Robert C., “Community Cooperation, and Involvement,” in The Community.; What Is It? Proceedings of the Conference on Human Relations, East Lansing, Institute for Community Development and Services, Michigan State University, May 4, 1968, pp. 23–26.
  • de Tocqueville, Alexis, “Associations in American Life,” Democracy in America, translated by Phillips Bradley (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1945), pp. 106–110.
  • Wright, Charles R., and Herbert H. Hyman, “Voluntary Associations Memberships of American Adults: Evidence from National Sample Surveys,” American Sociological Review, Vol. 23, No.3, June 1958, pp. 289–294. Also see Robert L. Crain and Donald B. Rosenthal, “Community Status as a Dimension of Local Decision-Making,” American Sociological Review, Vol. 32, 1967, pp. 970–984.
  • Bloomberg, Warner, Jr., and Florence W. Rostenstock, “Who Can Activate the Poor? One Assessment of ‘Maximum Feasible Participation’ ” in Power, Poverty, and Urban Policy, Warner Bloomberg, Jr. and Henry J. Schmandt (eds.); (Beverly Hills; Sage Publications, Inc., 1968), p. 317.
  • Dahl, Robert A., Who Governs? New Haven; Yale University Press, 1961.
  • Sills, David L., “Joining the Foundation,” The Volunteers: Means and Ends in a National Organization (Glencoe: The Free Press, 1957), pp. 102–103; 109–115.
  • Anderson, Robert C., “A Sociometric Approach to the Analysis of InterOrganizational Relationships.” Forthcoming in the book Interdependence and Interaction Among Organizations, Andrew Collver, (ed.).
  • Galbraith, John K. The New Industrial State (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1967), pp. 57–59.
  • Taylor, H. Ralph, “Citizen Participation in the Model Cities Program,” in Citizen Participation in Urban Development, Vol. II, Cases and Programs, Hans B. C. Spiegel (ed.), Washington, D.C., NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, 1969, pp. 106–108.
  • Spiegel, Hans B. C., “Issues that Trigger Participation,” Citizen Participation in Urban Development, Vol. II, Cases and Programs, Washington, D.C., NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, 1969, pp. 113–115.
  • Heady, Earl 0., and Harold R. Jensen, “The Field of Farm Management,” Farm Management Economics (New York: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1957) p. 9.
  • Op. Cit., p. 61.
  • Cahn, Edgar S. and Jean C., “Citizen Participation” Oitizen Participation in Urban Development, Vol. 1 – Concepts and Issues, Hans B. C. Spiegel, (ed.), Washington, D.C., NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, 1968, pp. 218–221.
  • Edelston, Harold C., and Ferne K. Kolodner, “Are the Poor Capable of Planning for Themselves?” Citizen Participation in Urban Development, Vol. 1 - Concepts and Issues, Hans B. C. Spiegel (ed.), Washington, D.C. NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, 1968, pp. 225–240.
  • Crain, Robert L., and Donald B. Rosenthal, “Community Status as a Dimension of Local Decision Making,” American Sociological Review, Vol. 32, 1967, pp. 970–984.
  • Loc. Cit., (Spiegel and Mittenthal, Vol. 1) p. 9.

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