References
- Apaliyah, G.T., & Martin, K.E. (2013). An analysis of the effects of community leadership education program content on six outcome indices of community leadership. Community Development, 44(4), 456–468. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2013.795991
- Apalyiyah, G.T., Martin, K.E., Gasteyer, S.P., Keating, K., & Pigg, K. (2012). Community leadership development education: Promoting civic engagement through human and social capital. Community Development, 43(1), 31–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2011.645043
- Astin, H.S., & Leland, C. (1991). Women of influence, women of vision: A cross-generational study of leaders and social change. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Azarow, J., Manley, M.J., Koopman, C., Platt-Ross, A., Butler, L.D., & Spiegel, D. (2003). American expressions of altruism and generativity in the aftermath of September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Psicologia Politica, 12, 689–697.
- Barnes, T.J., & Sheppard, E. (1992). Is there a place for the rational actor? A geographical critique of the rational choice paradigm. Economic Geography, 68(1), 1–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/144038
- Bartik, T.J., & Bingham, R.D. (1995). Can economic development programs be evaluated? ( No. 95–29). Upjohn Institute Working Paper. doi:https://doi.org/10.17848/wp95-29
- Bennis, W.G. (1989). On becoming a leader. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
- Bernerth, J.B., Cole, M.S., Taylor, E.C., & Walker, H.J. (2018). Control variables in leadership research: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Management, 44(1), 131–160. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317690586
- Black, A.M., & Earnest, G.W. (2009). Measuring the outcomes of leadership development programs. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 16(2), 184–196. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809339193
- Blanke, A., & Walzer, N. (2013). Measuring community development: What have we learned? Community Development, 44(5), 534–550. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2013.852595
- Bono, J.E., Shen, W., & Snyder, M. (2010). Fostering integrative community leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 21(2), 324–335. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.01.010
- Borich, T., Chazdon, S., Leuci, M., & Loveridge, S. (2013). Common impact indicators in Extension community development [Powerpoint slides and presentation]. Retrieved from: http://ncrcrd.msu.edu/ncrcrd/topic_area_fundamentals_for_extension_professionals.
- Brown, T.A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed. ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.
- Campbell, C.M., Smith, M., Dugan, J.D., & Komives, S.R. (2012). Mentors and college student leadership outcomes: The importance of position and process. The Review of Higher Education, 35(4), 595–625. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2012.0037
- Clark, P., & Gong, T. (2011). Developing leadership competencies to promote the community development of the Mississippi Delta Region. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 6(2), 135–154.
- Collins-Shapiro, C. (2006). Mentoring and leadership development. Leadership Insights and Application Series #21. College Park, MD: National Clearinghouse for Leadership Programs.
- Community Indicators Consortium. (2019). Indicator projects. Retrieved from: https://communityindicators.net/indicator-projects/.
- Cress, C.M., Astin, H.S., Zimmerman-Oster, K., & Burkhardt, J.C. (2001). Developmental outcomes of college students’ involvement in leadership activities. Journal of College Student Development, 42(1), 15–27.
- Creswell, J.W., & Creswell, J.D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
- Creswell, J.W., & Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed. ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Creswell, J.W., & Poth, C.N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
- Crowe, J. (2010). Community attachment and satisfaction: The role of a community’s social network structure. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(5), 622–644. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20387
- Dale, A., Ling, C., & Newman, L. (2010). Community vitality: The role of community-level resilience adaptation and sustainable development. Sustainability, 2(1), 215–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su2010215
- Day, D.V. (2000). Leadership development: A review in context. Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 581–613. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00061-8
- Day, D.V., Fleenor, J.W., Atwater, L.E., Sturm, R.E., & McKee, R.A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25 years of research and theory. Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 63–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.004
- Dugan, J.P., & Komives, S.R. (2007). Developing leadership capacity in college students: Findings from a national study. A Report from the Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership. College Park, MD: National Clearinghouse for Leadership Programs.
- Dugan, J.P., & Komives, S.R. (2010). Influences on college students’ capacities for socially responsible leadership. Journal of College Student Development, 51(5), 525–549. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2010.0009
- Duke, N.N., Skay, C.L., Pettingell, S.L., & Borowsky, I.W. (2009). From adolescent connections to social capital: Predictors of civic engagement in young adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(2), 161–168. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.007
- Dziczkowski, J. (2013). Mentoring and leadership development. The Educational Forum, 77(3), 351–360. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2013.792896
- Edelman, M.A., & Burke, S.C. (2007). Wealth Transfer: Philanthropic Opportunity for Community Development Practitioners. Community Development, 38(2), 1–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330709489836
- Emery, M., Fernandez, F., Gutierrez-Montes, I., & Flora, C.B. (2007). Leadership as community capacity building: A study on the impact of leadership development training on community. Community Development, 38(4), 60–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330709489819
- Erikson, E.H. (1950, 1963). Childhood and society. New York, NY: Norton.
- Etuk, L., Rahe, M., Crandall, M., Sektnan, M., & Bowman, S. (2013). Rural leadership development: Pathways to community change. Community Development, 44(4), 411–425. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2012.761639
- Etuk, L., & Sektnan, M. (2012). Evaluation of the Ford Institute Leadership Program: 2011 report. Retrieved from: https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/qj72pd04v.
- Flaherty, J., & Brown, R.B. (2010). A multilevel systemic model of community attachment: Assessing the relative importance of the community and individual levels. American Journal of Sociology, 116(2), 503–542. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/653600
- Flora, C., & Flora, J. (2016). Rural communities: Legacy + change (5th ed ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Flora, J.L., Flora, C.B., Bastian, S., & Manion, E. (2003). Leadership and community capacity building: An inventory and analysis of curricula and tools. Retrieved from http://www.soc.iastate.edu/extension/ncrcrd/leadership-communitycapacitybldg.pdf.
- Foster-Fishman, P.G., Cantillon, D., Pierce, S.J., & Van Egeren, L.A. (2007). Building an active citizenry: The role of neighborhood problems, readiness, and capacity for change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 39(1–2), 91–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9097-0
- Franz, N.K. (2011). Advancing the public value movement: Sustaining Extension during tough times. Journal of Extension, 29(2), Article 2COM2. Available at:. https://www.joe.org/joe/2011april/comm2.php
- Franz, N.K., Eldridge, G., Lynch, W., & Paul, L.C. (2013). Improving Extension programs: Putting public value stories and statements to work. Journal of Extension, 51(4), Article 3TOT1. Available at:. https://www.joe.org/joe/2013june/tt1.php
- Gould, R. (1993). Collective action and network structure. American Sociological Review, 58(2), 182–196. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2095965
- Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–1410. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/228311
- Gravetter, F., & Wallnau, L. (2014). Essentials of statistics for the behavioral sciences (8th ed ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
- Hancock, D., Hyjer Dyk, P., & Jones, K. (2012). Adolescent involvement in extracurricular activities: Influences on leadership skills. Journal of Leadership Education, 11(1), 84–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.12806/V11/I1/RF5
- Hastings, L.J. (2016). Intersecting asset-based service, strengths and mentoring for socially responsible leadership. In W. Wagner & J.M. Pigza, (Eds.), New Directions for Student Leadership: No. 150. Leadership development through service learning (85–96). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20173
- Hastings, L.J., & Kane, C. (2018). Distinguishing mentoring, coaching, and advising for developing leadership. In L.J. Hastings & C. Kane, (Eds.), New Directions for Student Leadership: No. 158. Role of mentoring, coaching, and advising in developing leadership (9–22). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20284
- Hastings, L.J., Griesen, J.V., Hoover, R.E., Creswell, J.W., & Dlugosh, L.L. (2015). Generativity in college students: Comparing and explaining the impact of mentoring. Journal of College Student Development, 56(7), 651–669. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0070
- Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Jones, K. (2009). Influences of youth leadership within a community-based context. Journal of Leadership Education, 7(3), 246–263. doi:https://doi.org/10.12806/V7/I3/RF9
- Kalambokidis, L. (2004). Identifying the public value in Extension programs. Journal of Extension, 42(2), Article 2FEA1. Retrieved from. http://www.joe.org/joe/2004april/a1.php
- Kalambokidis, L., Hinz, L., & Chazdon, S. (2015). Using economic principles to show how Extension programs create public value. In J. M. Bryson, B. C. Crosby, and L. Bloomberg (Eds.), Creating public value in practice: Advancing the common good in a multisector, shared-power, no-one-wholly-in-charge world (pp. 311-330). New York, NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18116
- Kasarda, J.D., & Janowitz, M. (1974). Community attachment in mass society. American Sociological Review, 39(3), 328–339. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2094293
- Kirk, P., & Shutte, A.M. (2004). Community leadership development. Community Development, 39(3), 234–251. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsh019
- Komives, S.R., & Collins-Shapiro, C. (2006). The critical role of mentoring in leadership development. NCLP Concepts and Connections: A Publication for Leadership Educators, 14(3), 9–11.
- Komives, S.R., Longerbeam, S.D., Mainella, F., Osteen, L., & Owen, J.E. (2009). Leadership identity development: Challenges in applying a developmental model. Journal of Leadership Education, 8(1), 11–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.12806/V8/I1/TF2
- Komives, S.R., Longerbeam, S.D., Owen, J.E., Mainella, F.C., & Osteen, L. (2006). A leadership identity model: Application from a grounded theory. Journal of College Student Development, 47(4), 401–418. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2006.0048
- Korotov, K. (2016). Coaching for leadership development. In T. Bachkirova, G. Spence, & D. Drake (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of coaching (pp. pp. 139–158). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.
- Ladewig, H., & Thomas, J.K. (1987). Assessing the impact of 4-H on former members. College Station: Texas A&M University.
- Lipman-Blumen, J. (2000). Connective leadership: Managing in a changing world. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Loveridge, S., & Elrod, B. (2016). The importance of collecting impact numbers to promote community development work. National CRD Indicators Webinar Series.
- Macke, D., Markley, D., & Binerer, A. (2011). Transfer of wealth in rural America. Lincoln, NE: Center for Rural Entrepreneurship.
- Mahatmya, D., & Lohman, B. (2012). Predictors and pathways to civic involvement in emerging adulthood: Neighborhood, family, and school influences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(9), 1168–1183. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9777-4
- Martinek, C.J. (2008). Baby boomer retirement. Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved from: https://files.stlouisfed.org/files/htdocs/pageone-economics/uploads/newsletter/2008/200803.pdf
- Merriam, S., & Tisdell, E.J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed ed.). San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons.
- Morse, G., French, C., & Scott, C. (2016). Impact indicators tips booklet. North East Regional Center for Rural Development. Retrieved from: http://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/impacts/impact-indicators-tips-booklet.
- Mueller, R.O., & Hancock, G.R. (2010). Structural equation modeling. In G.R. Hancock & R.O. Mueller (Eds.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods. (pp. 371 – 385). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Muthén, L.K., & Muthén, B.O. (2017). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
- Nichols, A., Blake, S.M., Chazdon, S., & Radhakrishna, R. (2015). From farm results demonstrations to multistate impact designs: Cooperative extension navigates its way through evaluation pathways. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension, 3(2), 83–107.
- North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. (2010). Community resource and economic development (CRED): Programming impacts report. Retrieved from: https://www.canr.msu.edu/ncrcrd/state_extension_leader_section1/impact_reports.
- North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. (2019). Extension community development impacts. Retrieved from: https://www.canr.msu.edu/ncrcrd/state_extension_leader_section1/impact_reports
- Passmore, J. (Ed.). (2015). Leadership coaching: Working with leaders to develop elite performance (2nd ed ed.). London, England: Kogan Page.
- Peterson, B.E., & Stewart, A.J. (1996). Antecedents and contexts of generativity motivation at midlife. Psychology and Aging, 11(1), 21–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.11.1.21
- Pigg, K. (1999). Community leadership and community theory: A practical synthesis. Community Development, 30(3), 196–212. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15575339909489721
- Pigg, K., Gasteyer, S., Martin, K., Apaliyah, G., & Keating, K. (2015). Community effects of leadership development education: Citizen empowerment for civic engagement. Morgontown, West Virginia: West Virginia University Press.
- Priest, K.L., & Donley, S. (2014). Developing leadership for life: Outcomes from a college student-alumni mentoring program. Journal of Leadership Education, 13(3), 107–117. doi:https://doi.org/10.12806/V13/I3/AB2
- Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse on revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990
- Ricketts, K. (2009). Studying leadership within successful rural communities in a southeastern state: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Leadership Education, 7(3), 230–244. doi:https://doi.org/10.12806/V7/I3/RF8
- Rossi, A.S. (2001). Domains and dimensions of social responsibility: A sociodemographic profile. In A.S. Rossi (Ed.), Caring and doing for others: Social responsibility in the domains of family, work, and community (pp. pp. 97–134). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Russon, C., & Reinelt, C. (2004). The results of an evaluation scan of 55 leadership development programs. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 10(3), 104–107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190401000309
- Ryan, V., Agnitsch, K., Zhao, L., & Mullick, R. (2005). Making sense of voluntary participation: A theoretical synthesis. Rural Sociology, 70(3), 287–313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1526/0036011054831198
- Schriesheim, C.A., & Cogliser, C.C. (2009). Construct validation in leadership research: Explication and illustration. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 725–736. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.004
- Setknan, M., Etuk, L., Bowman, S., & Rennekamp, D. (2010). Evaluation of the Ford Institute Leadership Program: 2009 report. Retrieved from https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/pg15bk62p.
- Setknan, M., Rahe, M., Etuk, L., & Bowman, S. (2011). Evaluation of the Ford Institute Leadership Program: 2010 report. Retrieved from https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/47429f422.
- Snyder, C.R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249–275. doi:https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01
- Solansky, S.T. (2010). The evaluation of two key leadership development program components: Leadership skills assessment and leadership mentoring. Leadership Quarterly, 21(4), 675–681. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.06.009
- [State] Public Power District: Economic Development Department (2005). Economic and demographic trends. Received from http://nlcs1.nlc.state.ne.us/epubs/P8400/S002.8091-2005.pdf.
- Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: CA. Sage.
- Success Measures. (2019). Measurement tools. Retrieved from: https://successmeasures.org/measurement-tools.
- Sylvia, E., Grund, C., Kimminau, K.S., Ahmed, A., Marr, J.M., & Cooper, T. (2010). Rural women leaders. Journal of Leadership Studies, 4(3), 23–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.20174
- Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Education, Inc.
- Theodori, G. (2004). Exploring the association between length of residence and community attachment: A research note. Southern Rural Sociology, 20(1), 107–122.
- Thompson, M.D. (2006). Student leadership process development: An assessment of contributing college resources. Journal of College Student Development, 47(3), 343–350. doi:https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2006.0035
- Tierney, T. 2006. The Leadership Deficit. Stanford Social Innovation Review, Retrieved from: https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_leadership_deficit
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). Current population survey. Retrieved from: https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11b.htm
- Ullman, J.B. (2019). Structural equation modeling. In B.G. Tabachnick & L.S. Fidell (Eds.), Using multivariate statistics (7th ed ed.), pp. 528 – 612. New York, NY: Pearson Education, Inc.
- United States Census Bureau. (2015). [Name] State and County QuickFacts. Retrieved from: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NE
- Vincent, N., Ward, L., & Denson, L. (2015). Promoting post-conventional consciousness in leaders: Australian community leadership programs. Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 238–253. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.11.007
- Vogt, R., Burkhart-Kriesel, C., Cantrell, R., Lubben, B., & McElravy, L.J. (2015). Engagement in nonmentropolitan Nebraska: Civic and political participation and views of community leadership. Nebraska Rural Poll Research Report, 15–20. Retrieved from: http://ruralpoll.unl.edu
- Watt, W., & Ziegler, A. (2009). Empowering community members for civic leadership: The Institute for Community Leadership. Journal of Leadership Education, 7(3), 28–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.12806/V7/I3/AB2
- Wituk, S., Ealey, S., Clark, M.J., Heiny, P., & Meissen, G. (2005). Community development through community leadership programs. Community Development, 36(2), 89–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330509490177
- Wolf, E.J., Harrington, K.M., Clark, S.L., & Miller, M.W. (2013). Sample size requirements for structural equation models: An evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(6), 913–934. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413495237
- Woolcock, M., & Narayan, D. (2000). Social capital: Implications for development theory, research, and policy. The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), 225–249. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/15.2.225
- Youniss, J., McLellan, J., & Yates, M. (1997). What we know about engendering civic identity. American Behavioral Scientist, 40(5), 620–631. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764297040005008