223
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Farms, Gardens, and Food

NGOs’ strategies towards asset accumulation and poverty reduction in Zimbabwe

Pages 533-559 | Received 25 Mar 2022, Accepted 04 Jan 2023, Published online: 21 Jan 2023

References

  • Anyango, E. (2005). CARE Malawi central region livelihood security project impact assessment report on village savings and loans component (VSandL). CARE International.
  • Bernard, H. R. (2002). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Alta Mira Press.
  • Bernsen, N. R., Crandall, M. S., Leahy, J. E., Abrams, J. B., & Colocousis, C. R. (2022). Do rural youth want to stay rural? Influence on residential aspirations of youth in forest located communities. Community Development, 53(5), 566–584. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2021.1998170
  • Besley, T., & Cord, J. L. (2007). Delivering on the promise of pro-poor growth insights and lessons from country’s experiences. World Bank.
  • Beyene, N. L. (2018). Assessment on the Effects of Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLA) on poverty reduction in Hawassa, Ethopia [ Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Western Cape.
  • Bin Kamal, J. (2014). Asset based and wealth accumulation in low-income households in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Development Studies, 37(4), 35–51.
  • Biswas, S. (2010). India’s Micro-finance Suicide Epidemic. BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-southasia-11997571
  • Brocklesby, M. A., & Fisher, E. (2003). Community development in sustainable livelihoods approaches-an introduction. Community Development, 38(3), 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/38.3.185
  • Budzi, J. (2016). The Effects of Poverty on Health Equity in Zimbabwe: The case of Chegutu Urban District [ Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Fort Hare.
  • CARE International. (2006) . Cash in crisis: The case of Zimbabwe’s ‘cash first’ humanitarian response. Care International.
  • Carney, D. (1998). Implementing the sustainable rural livelihoods approach. Department for International Development.
  • Chevo, T. (2018). The Construction of Household Livelihood Strategies in Urban Areas: The Case of Budiriro, Harare, Zimbabwe [ Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Rhodes University.
  • Chigavazira, T. (2019). The Vulnerability of Women to Droughts in Mudzi District, Zimbabwe: The Complexities of Livelihood Strategies and Responses [ Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of the Witwatersrand.
  • Chimire, C., & Chitongo, L. (2018). Non-governmental organisations and sustainable development: The case of action faim community garden in Gutu, ward 10, Zimbabwe. European Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 6(6), 12–22.
  • Chitongo, L. (2013). The contribution of NGOs to rural development: The case of catholic relief services protecting vulnerable livelihoods programme in Zimbabwe. Asian Journal of Management Sciences and Education, 2(3), 124–143.
  • Chitongo, L. (2019). Rural livelihood resilience strategies in the face of harsh climatic conditions: The case of ward 11 Gwanda, South, Zimbabwe. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1617090
  • Chitongo, L., & Kufakunesu, F. (2013). The nexus between non- governmental organisations and rural livelihoods. Journal of Social Sciences, 2(8), 626–633.
  • Chowa, G. A., & Masa, R. D. (2012). Wealth effects of an asset-building intervention among rural households in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 3(4), 329–345. https://doi.org/10.5243/jsswr.2012.20
  • Clark, J. K., Jablonski, C. B. B. R., Inwood, S., Irish, A., & Freedgood, J. (2021). A contemporary concept of the value(s)-added food and agriculture sector and rural development. Community Development, 55(2), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2020.1854804
  • de Arruda, P. L. (2018). Zimbabwe’s social protection system and its harmonized social cash transfer programme. International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG).
  • Development Organization, S.N. (2009). Scoping study on the provision of post-primary school technical/vocational education in Zimbabwe. SNV.
  • Dube, E. (2017). Towards Enhanced Disaster Risk Management Interventions for Floods Hazards and Disasters in Tsholotsho District, Zimbabwe [ Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Midlands State University.
  • Dube, K. (2020). NGOs and Vulnerability in Rural Zimbabwe. A Case study of CARE interventions in the Zaka District, Masvingo [ Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Johannesburg.
  • Dube, N., Sithole, M., Ngwenya, T., Muhwati, T., Moyo, E., Manyanga, K., & Morshed Ahmad, M. (2018). Impact of climate change on sustainability in semiarid, rural Africa: Lessons from rural Zimbabwe. Cogent Social Sciences, 4(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1553327
  • Dumba, I. G. (2005). Development Agenda for Non-Governmental Organizations: A Case for Zimbabwe [ Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Nairobi.
  • Ellis, F. (1998). Household strategies and rural livelihood diversification. The Journal of Development Studies, 35(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389808422553
  • Etim, N. A., & Edet, G. E. (2014). Does asseT ownership reduce chronic poverty? European Scientific, 10(1), 168–176.
  • Fierros-Gonzalez, I., Mora-Rivera, J., & Avila-Foucat, V. (2020). Vulnerability, family assets, and income-generating strategies of households in rural Mexico. Community Development, 51(5), 667–684. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2020.1825976
  • Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO). (2002) . Migrants’ long distance relationships and social networks in Dakar: Environment and urbanization. FAO.
  • Gebisa, D. A., & Tefera, S. (2020). The effects of NGOs on socio-economic empowerment of women: Empirical evidence from NGOs operating in Ethopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 11(2), 42–47.
  • Hadi, M. A., & Closs, S. J. (2016). Ensuring rigor and trustworthiness of qualitative research in clinical pharmacy. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(3), 641–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0237-6
  • Hamat, Z., Malek, N. M., Leng, K. S., Gopal, P. S., & Husain, A. S. (2014). An exploratory study on working capital management among petty traders in Kuala Nerang, Kedah. Journal of Human Capital Development, 7(2), 1–10.
  • Harelimana, J. B. (2018). The contribution of village savings and loans associations to household welfare in Rwanda. Global Journal of Human Sciences, 18(4), 1–11.
  • International Labour Organisation (ILO). (2016). World employment and social outlook. International Labour Organisation.
  • Julius, M. K., & Bawane, J. (2011). Education and poverty: Relationship and concerns, a case study of Kenya. Problems of Education in the 21ST Century, 32, 72–85.
  • Kabonga, I. (2015). Impact of Donor Aid on Socio-economic Development: A case of Chegutu district [ Unpublished master’s thesis]. Midlands State University.
  • Kabonga, I., Dube, E., Dziva, C., & Chaminuka, N. (2021). Ending extreme poverty (SDG 1) in Chegutu District of Zimbabwe: An analysis of Tsungirirai welfare organisation’s interventions. In G. Nhamo, M. Togo, & K. Dube (Eds.), Sustainable development goals for society vol. 1. Sustainable development goals series (pp. pp52–64). Springer.
  • Kabonga, I., & Zvokuomba, K. (2021). Surviving on the margins: Volunteers’ agency to survive poverty and vulnerability in Zimbabwe. International Social Work. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208728211045423
  • Kamal, J. B. (2014). AsseT based poverty and wealth accumulation in low income households in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Development Studies, 37(4), 35–50.
  • Khambayat, R. P. (2017). Championing technical and vocational education and training for alleviating poverty in Asia-Pacific region. Manpower Journal, 51(2), 1–25.
  • Khatri, S., Amatya, A., & Shrestha, B. (2020). Nutritional Status and the associated factors among people living with HIV: An evidence from cross-sectional survey in hospital based antiretroviral therapy site in Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC Nutrition, 6(22), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-020-00346-7
  • Kiger, M. E., & Varpio, L. (2020). Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical Teacher. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030
  • Kinalski, D. D. F., Paula, C. C., Padoin, S. M. M., Neves, E. T., Kleinubing, R. E., & Cortes, L. F. (2017). Focus group on qualitative research: Experience report. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 70(2), 424–429. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0091. Internet.
  • Korstjens, I., & Moser, A. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing. The European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 120–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375092
  • Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Practical research: Planning and design (11th ed.). Pearson.
  • Lewis, D., & Kanji, N. (2009). Non-governmental organizations and development. Routledge.
  • Lofland, J., & Lofland, L. (1995). Analysing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis (3rd ed.). Wadsworth.
  • Loopstra, R., & Tarasuk, V. (2013). Severity of household food insecurity is sensitive to change in household income and employment status among low-income families. The Journal of Nutrition, 143, 1316–1323. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.175414
  • Mabhoyi, L. C., & Seroto, J. (2019). At-risk students in selected schools in Zimbabwe: An ecological perspective. South African Journal of Education, 39(S2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v39ns2a1571
  • Machokoto, A. G. V. (2014). Assessing the Village Savings and Loans Programme as a Sustainable Cost Effective Rural Finance in Zimbabwe: Case of Midlands Province [ Unpublished dissertation]. University of Zimbabwe.
  • Maclure, L. (2022). Augmentations to the asset-based community development model to target power systems. Community Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2021.2021964
  • Magidi, M. (2018). Sustaining Livelihoods in Norton Town after Deindustrialization in Zimbabwe [ Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of KwaZulu Natal.
  • Mago, S., & Hofisi, C. (2016). Microfinance as a pathway for smallholder farming in Zimbabwe. Environmental Economics, 7(3), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(3).2016.07
  • Mago, S., Nyathi, D., & Hofisi, C. (2015). Non-governmental organisations and rural poverty reduction strategies in Zimbabwe: A case of Binga rural district. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 4(4), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i1_p5
  • Magure, B. (2015). Interpreting Urban informality in Chegutu, Zimbabwe. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50(6), 650–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614535568
  • Makumbe, J. (1996). Participatory development: The case of Zimbabwe. University of Zimbabwe Publications.
  • Mandinyenya, S. (2014). The Effectiveness of Socio-economic Empowerment Strategies Implemented by Three NGO’s in Zimbabwe for Rural Women [ Unpublished Master’s Thesis]. University of South Africa.
  • Mandinyenya, S., & Nyandoro, Z. (2017). The role of non-governmental organisations in empowering rural women in Zimbabwe. Gender and Behaviour, 15(1), 8320–8340.
  • Matsvai, S. (2018). Ngos’ interventions, sustainable livelihood, and rural development in Zimbabwe: The case of Gutu district, Mutubuki Chitenderano association. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 7(6), 1960–1975.
  • Mawowa, S. (2013). Political Economy of Crisis, Mining and Accumulation in Zimbabwe: Evidence from the Chegutu Mhondoro area [ Unpublished PhD dissertation]. University of Kwazulu Natal.
  • McKay, A. (2009). Assets and chronic poverty; the background paper. Chronic Poverty Research Centre.
  • Meikle, P., Green-Pimentel, L., & Liew, H. (2018). Asset accumulation among low-income rural families: Assessing financial capital as a component of community capitals. Community Development, 49(2), 124–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2017.1422529
  • Mhaka, W. M. (2014). Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Poverty Reduction Strategies in Zimbabwe: The Case of the Catholic Development Commission (CADEC) in the Binga district [ Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Fort Hare.
  • Mihai, M., Titan, E., & Manea, D. (2015). Education and poverty. Procedia Economics and Finance, 32(1), 855–860. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01532-4
  • Miller, A. (2020). Development through vocational education. The lived experiences of young people at a vocational education training restaurant in Siem, Cambodia. Heliyon, 6(12), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05765
  • Mnyawi, S. P., & Benedict, G. (2014). Contribution of petty trade on household income poverty reduction: A case of Madukani ward, Dodoma region. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 6(2), 111–119.
  • Mohr, R., Sharma, B. B., & Sharma, B. B. (2019). The influence of educational attainment on teenage pregnancy in low income countries: A systematic literature review. Journal of Social Work in the Global Community, 4(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.5590/JSWGC.2019.04.1.02
  • Morris, A. (2015). A practical introduction to in-depth interviewing. SAGE.
  • Moser, C. O. (1998). The asset vulnerability framework: Reassessing urban poverty reduction strategies. World Development, 26, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(97)10015-8
  • Moser, C. (2007). Reducing global poverty: The case for asset accumulation. Brookings Press.
  • Mtapuri, O. (2008). Exploring the local conceptions of poverty, wealth and wellbeing: Field evidence from Mashonaland Province of Zimbabwe. African Development, 33(3), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.4314/ad.v33i3.57300
  • Muchenje, R. (2018). Advent of Internal Savings and Lending Schemes: A Sustainable Solution to Women Empowerment Thirst in Shamva [ Unpublished dissertation]. Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University.
  • Muir, A., & Riddel, R. C. (1992). Evaluating the impact of NGOs in rural poverty alleviation: Zimbabwe country study (ODI Working Paper No. 52). Overseas Development Institute.
  • Mutongwizo, T. (2017). Comparing NGO resilience and ‘structures of opportunity’ in South Africa (2010-2013). Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and NonProfit Organisations, 29(2), 373–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-017-9881-x
  • Mwansakilwa, C., Tembo, G., Zulu, M. M., & Wamulume, M. (2016). Village savings and loans associations and household welfare: Evidence from Eastern and Western Zambia. Journal of Agriculture and Resource Economies, 12(1), 85–97.
  • Nyathi, D. (2012). Evaluation of Poverty Alleviation Strategies Implemented by Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Zimbabwe: A case of Binga rural district [ Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Fort Hare.
  • Nyumba, T. O., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12860
  • Odero, K. (2006). Information capital: 6th asset of sustainable livelihood framework. Discovery and Innovation, 18(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.4314/dai.v18i2.15709
  • Oluwatayo, B. M. (2018). Asset ownership and income as drivers of household poverty in South Africa. A place presented at the 5th Annual Conference of the Agriculture Economics Association of South Africa, Somerset West, and South Africa.
  • Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). SAGE.
  • Portela-Souza, A., Lima, L., Arabage, A., Camargo, J., de Lucena, T., & Soares, S. (2015). Vocational education and training in Brazil. Knowledge sharing forum on development experiences: Comparative experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/L00413~1/AppData/Local/Temp/Vocational-Education-and-Training-in-Brazil-Knowledge-Sharing-Forum-on-Development-Experiences-
  • Postelnicu, L., & Hermes, N. (2018). Microfinance performance and social capital: A cross country analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 153(2), 427–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3326-0
  • Powell, L., & McGrath, S. (2019). Capability or employability: Orienting VET toward ‘real work. In S. McGrath, M. Mulder, J. Papier, & R. Suart (Eds.), Handbook of vocational education and training (pp. 309–322). Springer.
  • Raftopolous, B., & Lacoste, J. (2001). “From savings mobilisation to microfinance: An historical perspective on the Zimbabwe savings development movement”. Paper presented at SARIPS Calloquium 2001’Social Policy and Development in Southern Africa’.
  • Regional Evidence Building Agenda (REBA). (2007). Rural Microfinance, Zimbabwe. Retrieved from www.wahenga.net.
  • Sadekin, M. N., et al, Ahamad, K. M. U., & Chowdhury, N. F. H. (2020). Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in South Asia. In W. L. Filho (Ed.), Decent work and economic growth, encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals (1–12). Springer.
  • Scoones, I. (1998). A framework for analysis (IDS Working Paper No 72). Institute of Development Studies.
  • Searle, B. A., & Köppe, S. (2014). Assets, savings and wealth, and poverty: A review of evidence. Final report to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Personal Finance Research Centre.
  • Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-2004-22201
  • Shumba, D. (2017). Risk, resilience, and sustainability: How governance in Zimbabwe countervails this nexus. Risk, 17, 196–219.
  • Silisyene, M. K., Vinseiro, J., & James, S. (2018). VSLAs as economic drivers: Exploring linkages between capital available within women’s saving groups and economic contribution to the Tanzanian economy: A literature review prepared for Care Tanzania. Care International.
  • Simba, A., Zivanayi, F. N., Munyoro, G., & Chimhande, D. (2015). The local economic development processes in low-income countries: The case of the metropolis of Chegutu in Zimbabwe. Local Economy, 30(4), 405–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094215585938
  • Simpson, M. C. (2007). An integrated approach to assess the impact of tourism on community development and sustainable livelihoods. Community Development, 44(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsm048
  • Singh, P. K., & Chudasama, H. (2020). Evaluating poverty alleviation strategies in a developing country. Plos One, 15(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227176
  • Spicker, P. (2014). An introduction to social policy. Retrieved from http://spicker.uk/social-policy/.
  • Sseguya, H., Mazur, R. E., & Masinde, D. (2020). Harnessing community capitals for livelihood enhancement: Experiences from a livelihood program in rural Uganda. Community Development, 40(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330903012239
  • Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. L. (2016). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource (4th ed.). Wiley.
  • Thanabalasingam, V., & Palellegedara, A. (2014). Impact of NGOs interventions on poverty reduction: An empirical evidence from rural Sri Lanka. International Journal of Sustainable Economy, 6(3), 288–301. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSE.2014.063181
  • Thompson, G., & Moret, W. (2019). Building a theory of change for community development and HIV programming: The impact of social capital, stigma reduction and community-level changes on HIV related health outcomes for orphans and vulnerable households in Mozambique. Community Development, 50(3), 332–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2019.1606839
  • UNAIDS. (2008) . HIV, food security and nutrition. UNAIDS.
  • Viceisza, A., Aflagah, K., Abner, J., & Hippolyte, K. (2020). Poverty and malnutrition in Zimbabwe: Findings from matabeleland North Province. Research Technical Assistance Center.
  • Vivian, J., & Maseko, G. (1994). Too close for comfort: The impact of official aid on non-governmental organizations. World Development, 24(6), 961–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(96)00019-8
  • Wight, V., Kaustal, N., Waldfogel, J., & Garfinkel, I. (2014). Understanding the link between poverty and food insecurity among children: Does the definition of poverty matter? Journal of Children Poverty, 20(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10796126.2014.891973
  • World Population Review. (2020). Population of Cities in Zimbabwe, retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/zimbabwe
  • Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Guilford Press.
  • ZIMSTAT. (2015) . Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS). ZIMSTAT.
  • ZIMSTAT. (2019). Zimbabwe poverty report 2017. ZIMSTAT.
  • Zimunya, A. A. (2015). The impact of village savings and lending association on rural livelihoods: A case of Vheneke Village District [ Unpublished dissertation]. Midlands State University.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.