Bonding Social Capital in Entrepreneurial Developing Communities - Survival Networks or Barriers?

References

• Abadian , S. 1999 . From Wasteland to Homeland: Trauma and the Renewal of Indigenous Peoples and Their Communities Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge
   Google Scholar
• Adler , P. S. and Kwon , S. 1999 . Social Capital: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly The World Bank: Papers in Progress, Retrieved on December 6, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , T. J. and Gertler , M. S. , eds. 1999 . The New Industrial Geography: Regions, Regulations and Institutions , London, New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bebbington , A. 1997 . Social capital and rural intensification: Local organizations and islands of sustainability in the rural Andes . The Geographical Journal , 163 ( 2 ) : 189 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bebbington , A. and Perreault , T. 1999 . Social capital, development and access to resources in highland Ecuador . Economic Geography , 75 ( 4 ) : 395 – 411 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1986 . “ The forms of capital ” . In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education , Edited by: Richardson , J. G. 241 – 258 . Westport, Connecticut : Greenwood Press .
   Google Scholar
• Briggs , X. 1998 . Brown kids in white suburbs: Housing mobility and the many faces of social capital . Housing Policy Debate , 9 ( 1 ) : 177 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell , D. and Hunt , P. 1998 . Aboriginal Businesses: Characteristics and Strategies for Growth , Ottawa : Industry Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Champagne , D. 1992 . “ Economic culture, institutional order, and sustained market enterprises: Comparisons of historical and contemporary American Indian cases ” . In Property Rights and Indian Economies , Edited by: Anderson , T. L. 195 – 211 . Savage, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , G. L. , Feldman , M. P. and Gertler , M. S. 2000 . The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography , Oxford, England : New York: Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , S. S. and Fields , G. 1999 . Social capital and capital gains in Silicon Valley . California Management Review , 41 ( 2 ) : 108 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , J. S. 1988 . Social capital in the creation of human capital . American Journal of Sociology , 94 Supplement : S95 – S120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier , P. 1998 . Social Capital and Poverty , Washington, DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. and Morgan , ; K. 1993 . The network paradigm: New departures in corporate and regional development . Environment and Planning D: Society and Space , 11 ( 5 ) : 543 – 564 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornell , S. E. and Kalt , J. P. 1991 . Where's the Glue? Institutional Bases of American Indian Economic Development , Cambridge : MA: Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development . Retrieved on December 6, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Cornell , S. E. and Kalt , J. P. , eds. 1992 . What can Tribes do? Strategies and Institutions in American Indian Economic Development , Los Angeles : American Indian Studies Center, University of California Los Angeles .
   Google Scholar
• Daniere , A. and Takahashi , L. M. Social capital and environmental management: Culture, perceptions and action among slum dwellers in Bangkok . Paper presented at the 21 st Annual Conference on Economic Issues: The Role of Social Capital in Determining Well-Being: Implications for the Teaching and Practice of Development and Environmental Economics . Department of Economics, Middlebury College, Middlebury
   Google Scholar
• de Haan , A. and Maxwell , S. 1998 . Poverty and social exclusion in north and south . IDS Bullet , 29 ( 1 ) : 1 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada . 2002 . Frequently asked Questions About Aboriginal Peoples Retrieved on December 6, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Dicken , P. 2000 . “ Places and flows: situating international investment ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography , Edited by: Clark , G. L. , Feldman , M. P. and Gertler , M. S. 275 – 591 . Oxford, England : ; New York: Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , B. and Foley , M. W. 1997 . Social capital and the political economy of our discontent . American Behavioral Scientist , 40 ( 5 ) : 669 – 678 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , M. 1999 . Enthusiasts, Tacticians and Sceptics: The World Bank, Civil Society and Social Capital Retrieved on December 6, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Elias , P. D. 1995 . Northern Aboriginal Communities: Economies and Development , North York, Ont : Captus University Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , B. H. Social Capital and its Profits, Local and Global . Paper presented at the Sunbelt XVIII and 5th European International Conference . Sitges, Spain.
   Google Scholar
• Evans , M. 1998 . Behind the rhetoric: The institutional basis of social exclusion and poverty . IDS Bullet , 29 ( 1 ) : 42 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , P. 1996 . Government action, social capital and development: Reviewing the evidence on synergy . World Development , 24 ( 6 ) : 1119 – 1132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flora , J. L. , Sharp , J. , Flora , C. and Newlon , B. 1997 . Entrepreneurial social infrastructure and locally initiated economic development in the nonmetropolitan United States . The Sociological Quarterly , 38 ( 4 ) : 923 – 945 .
   Google Scholar
• Fukuyama , F. 1996 . Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity , London : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gagnè , M.-A. 1994 . A Nation Within a Nation: Dependency and the Cree , Montreal : Black Rose Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gaventa , J. 1998 . Poverty, participation and social exclusion in North and South . IDS Bullet , 29 ( 1 ) : 50 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. S. 1993 . Implementing advanced manufacturing technologies in mature industrial regions: Towards a social model of technology production . Regional Studies , 27 ( 7 ) : 665 – 680 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. S. 1995 . Being there”: Proximity, organization, and culture in the development and adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies . Economic Geography , 71 ( 1 ) : 1 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. S. 1997 . “ The invention of regional culture ” . In Geographies of Economies , (4th ed.) , Edited by: Lee , R. and Wills , J. 47 – 58 . London : Edward Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. S. 2000 . “ Social capital ” . In The Dictionary of Human Geography , (4th ed.) , Edited by: Johnston , R. , Gregory , D. , Pratt , G. , Smith , D. and Watt , M. Cambridge, MA : Blackwell Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. S. 2003 . “ A cultural economic geography of production ” . In Handbook of Cultural Geography , Edited by: Anderson , K. , Domosh , M. , Pile , S. and Thrift , N. J. 131 – 146 . London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. S. and Levitte , Y. M. “ Forthcoming. Local nodes in global networks: The geography of knowledge flows in biotechnology innovation ” . In Regional Studies
   Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. S. , Rutherford , T. D. , DiGiovanna , S. , Kershaw , D. and Sells , J. 1993 . Regional Industrial Networks and the Role of Labour: Europe, North America, and Northern Ontario, part I report Toronto : Prepared for the United Steelworkers of America, Employment and Immigration Canada, and the Ontario Ministry of Labour
   Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. S. and Wolfe , D. A. 2002 . Innovation and Social Learning: Institutional Adaptation in an era of Technological Change , Basingstoke : Palgrave .
   Google Scholar
• Gittell , R. J. and Vidal , A. 1998 . Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy , Thousand Oaks, Calif : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Grabher , G. 1993 . “ The Weakness of strong ties: the lock-in of regional development in the Ruhr area ” . In The Embedded Firm: On the Socioeconomics of Industrial Networks , Edited by: Grabher , G. 227 – 252 . London, New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Granovetter , M. S. 1973 . The strength of weak ties . American Journal of Sociology , 78 ( 6 ) : 1360 – 1380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granovetter , M. S. 1985 . Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness . American Journal of Sociology , 91 ( 2 ) : 481 – 510 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granovetter , M. S. 1995a . Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grootaert , C. 1998 . Social Capital: The Missing Link , Washington D. C : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Grootaert , C. and van Bastelaer , T. 2001 . Understanding and Measuring Social Capital: A Synthesis of Findings and Recommendations from the Social Capital Initiative , Washington D. C : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Hawthorn , H. B , C Cairns , H. A. , Jamieson , S. M. and Lysyk , K. 1966 . A Survey of the Contemporary Indians of Canada: A report on Economic, Political, Educational Needs and Policies Volume 1 , Ottawa : Indian Affairs Branch .
   Google Scholar
• Ibarra , H. 1997 . Paving an alternative route: Gender differences in managerial networks . Social Psychology Quarterly , 60 ( 1 ) : 91 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isham , J. 2000 . Can Investments in Social Capital Improve Well-being in Fishing Communities? A Theoretical Perspective for Assessing the Policy Options Paper presented at the 10th Biennial Meeting of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade
   Google Scholar
• Krishna , A. and Shrader , E. 1999 . Social Capital Assessment Tool , Washington, D. C : The World Bank . Paper presented at the Conference on Social Capital and Poverty Reduction
   Google Scholar
• Leyshon , A. and Thrift , N. J. 1997 . Money/Space: Geographies of Monetary Transformation , London : New York: Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Li , W. 1998 . Anatomy of a new ethnic settlement: The Chinese ethnoburb in Los Angeles . Urban Studies , 35 ( 2 ) : 479 – 501 .
   Google Scholar
• Light , I. and Bonacich , E. 1988 . nImmigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles 1965-1982 , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Light , I. and Karageorgis , S. 1994 . “ The ethnic economy ” . In The Handbook of Economic Sociology , Edited by: Smelser , N. J. and Swedberg , R. 647 – 671 . New York : Princeton University Press; Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Light , I. and Rosenstein , C. 1995 . “ Expanding the interaction theory of entrepreneurship ” . In The Economic Sociology of Immigration: Essays on Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship , Edited by: Portes , A. 166 – 212 . New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Lin , N. 1998 . Social networks and status attainment . Annual Review of Sociology , 25 : 467 – 488 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , R. 1994 . “ Stateless monies, global financial integration, and national economic autonomy: the end of geography? ” . In Money, Power, and Space , Edited by: Corbridge , S. , Mart , R. and Thrift , N. J. 253 – 278 . Oxford, England : ; Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , K. 1997 . The learning region: Institutions, innovation and regional renewal . Regional Studies , 31 : 491 – 503 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskell , P. 2000 . “ Social capital, innovation, and competitiveness ” . In Social Capital: Critical Perspectives , Edited by: Baron , S. , Field , J. and Schuller , T. 111 – 123 . Oxford : New York: Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Narayan , D. December 6 1999 . Bonds and bridges: Social capital and poverty , December 6 , Washington, DC : The World Bank . 2004
   Google Scholar
• Native Investment and Trade Association (NITA) . 1998 . The Road Less Traveled: Aboriginal Entrepreneurs Building Economic Independence in the 1990s , Vancouver : Native Investment and Trade Association .
   Google Scholar
• Newton , K. 1997 . Social capital and democracy . American Behavioral Scientist , 40 ( 5 ) : 575 – 586 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polanyi , K. 1957 . The Great Transformation , Boston : Beacon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , M. E. November-December. 1998 . Clusters and the new economies of competition , November-December. , Harvard Business Review .
   Google Scholar
• Portes , A. 1998 . Social capital: Its origins and applications in contemporary sociology . Annual Review of Sociology , 24 ( 1 ) : 1 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes , A. and Landolt , P. 1996 . The downside of social capital . The American Prospect , 26 May- June : 18 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Portes , A. and Landolt , P. 2000 . Social capital: Promise and pitfalls of its role in development . Journal of Latin American Studies , 32 ( 2 ) : 529 – 547 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portes , A. and Sensenbrenner , J. 1993 . Embeddedness and immigration: Notes on the social determination of economic action . American Journal of Sociology , 98 May : 1320 – 1350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. D. 1993 . The prosperous community . The American Prospect , 14 ( 3 ) December 6 2004
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. D. 1995 . Bowling alone: America's declining social capital . Journal of Democracy , 6 ( 1 ) : 65 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. D. , Leonardi , R. and Nanetti , R. 1993 . Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rankin , K. 2002 . Social capital, microfmance, and the politics of development . Feminist Economics , 8 ( 1 ) : 1 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld , S. 1991 . Rural perspectives: Linking networks and economic development . The Entrepreneurial Economy Review , 9 ( 1 ) : 28 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld , S. , Shapira , P. and Williams , J. T. 1992 . Smart Firms in Small Towns , Washington, D. C : The Aspen Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples . 1996a . Looking Forward, Looking Back , Volume 1 , Ottawa : Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples .
   Google Scholar
• Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples . 1996b . Gathering Strength , Volume 3 , Ottawa : Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples .
   Google Scholar
• Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples . 1996c . A Twenty Year Commitment , Volume 5 , Ottawa : Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples .
   Google Scholar
• Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples . 1996d . Restructuring the Relationship , Volume 2 , Ottawa : Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples .
   Google Scholar
• Schafft , K. A. and Brown , D. L. 2002 . Social Capital, Social Networks, and Social Power Ithaca, NY Paper presented at the Workshop on Social Capital and Civic Involvement, Cornell University and the University of Turin
   Google Scholar
• Schuller , T. , Baron , S. , Field , S. and Field , J. 2000 . “ Social capital: A review and Critique ” . In Social Capital: Critical Perspectives , Edited by: Baron , S. , Field , J. and Schuller , T. 1 – 38 . Oxford, New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shkilnyk , A. M. 1985 . A Poison Stronger than Love: The Destruction of an Ojibwa Community , New Haven : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Simmel , G. 1971 . “ Exchange ” . In On Individuality and Social Forms: Selected Writings , Edited by: Lev , D. N. 43 – 69 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press . [1908]
   Google Scholar
• Storper , M. 1997 . “ Chapter 6: Regional worlds of production: Conventions of learning and innovation in the technology of France, Italy, and the United States ” . In The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy , Edited by: Storper , M. 134 – 165 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Swedberg , R. 2000 . Entrepreneurship: the Social Science View , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Uehara , E. 1990 . Dual exchange theory, social networks, and informal social support . American Journal of Sociology , 96 : 521 – 557 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldinger , R. 1986 . Immigrant enterprise: A critique and reformulation . Theory and Society , 15 ( 1/2 ) : 249 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warry , W. 1998 . Unfinished Dreams: Community Healing and the Reality of Aboriginal Self- Government , Toronto : University of Toronto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weber , M. 1969 . The Theory of Social and Economic Organization , Edited by: Henderson , A. M. and Parsons , T. New York : Free Press . [1920]
   Google Scholar
• Woolcock , M. 1998 . Social capital and economic development: Toward a theoretical synthesis and policy framework . Theory and Society , 27 : 151 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolcock , M. 2000 . Social Capital in Theory and Practice: Where do We Stand? , Middlcbury : Department of Economics, Middlebury College . Paper presented at the 21st Annual Conference on Economic Issues: The Role of Social Capital in Determining Well-Being: Implications for the Teaching and Practice of Development and Environmental Economics
   Google Scholar
• Woolcock , M. and Narayan , D. 2000 . Social capital: implications for development theory, research, and policy . The World Bank Research Observer , 15 ( 2 ) : 225 – 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank Group . December 6 2004 . Sources of Social Capital December 6 , Washington D. C
   Google Scholar
• York , G. 1990 . The Dispossessed: Life and Death in Native Canada , London, , UK : Vintage .
   Google Scholar