Earthquake Protection of Colonial Bell Towers in Colima, Mexico with Externally Prestressed FRPs

References

• Ascione, L., L. Feo, and F. Fraternali. 2005. Load carrying capacity of 2D FRP/strengthened masonry structures. Composites Part B: Engineering 36(8):619–626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandy, W., C. Mortera-Gutierrez, J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi, and T.W.C. Hilde. 1995. The subducted Rivera-Cocos plate boundary: Where is it, what is it, and what is its relationship to the Colima rift? Geophysical Research Letters 22:3075–3078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbat, A.H., L.G. Pujades, and N. Lantada. 2008. seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: application to Barcelona. Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 28:851–865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbieri, G., L. Biolzi, M. Bocciarelli, L. Fregonese, and A. Frigeri. 2013. Assessing the seismic vulnerability of a historical building. Engineering Structures 57:523–535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayraktar, A., T. Türker, B. Sevim, A.C. Altunisik, and F. Yildirim. 2009. Modal parameter identification of Hagia Sophia bell-tower via ambient vibration test. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 28:37–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biolzi, L., C. Ghittoni, R. Fedele, and G. Rosati. 2013. Experimental and theoretical issues in FRP-concrete bonding. Construction Building Materials 41:182–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasi, C. and P. Foraboschi. 1994. Analytical approach to collapse mechanisms of circular masonry arch. Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE) 120(8):2288–2309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderini, C. and S. Lagomarsino. 2006. A micromechanical inelastic model for historical masonry. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 10 (4):453–479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carreño, M.L., O.D. Cardona, and A.H. Barbat. 2007. Urban seismic risk evaluation: a holistic approach. Journal of Natural Hazards 40:137–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carreño, M.L., O.D. Cardona, and A.H. Barbat. 2012. New methodology for urban seismic risk assessment from a holistic perspective. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 10:547–565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellano, M.G. 2001. Innovative technologies for earthquake protection of architectural heritage. Proceedings of the International Millennium Congress: More than Two Thousand Years in the History of Architecture, UNESCO-ICOMOS, Paris, France.
   Google Scholar
• Crisafulli, F.J., and A.J. Carr. 2007. Proposed macro-model for the analysis of infilled frame structures. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 40 (2):69–77.
   Google Scholar
• D’Ambrisi, A., F. Focacci, and A. Caporale. 2013a. Strengthening of masonry-unreinforced concrete railway bridges with PBO-FRCM materials. Composite Structures 102:193–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D´Ambrisi, A., L. Feo, and F. Focacci. 2013b. Experimental and analytical investigation on bond between Carbon-FRCM materials and masonry. Composite Structures 46:15–20.
   Google Scholar
• Eurocode 8. 2004. Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance - Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings. European Standard.
   Google Scholar
• Fajfar, P. 2000. A nonlinear analysis method for performance-based seismic design. Journal of Earthquake Spectra 16 (3):573–591.
   Google Scholar
• Fedele, R., M. Scaioni, L. Barazzetti, G. Rosati, and L. Biolzi. 2014. Delamination tests on CFRP-reinforced masonry pillars: Optical monitoring and mechanical modeling. Cement and Concrete Composites 45:243–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foraboschi, P. 2013. Church of San Giuliano di Puglia: Seismic repair and upgrading. Engineering Failure Analysis 33:281–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foraboschi, P. and A. Vanin. 2013a. Non-linear static analysis of masonry buildings based on a strut-and-tie modeling. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 55:44–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foraboschi, P. and A. Vanin. 2013b. New methods for bonding FRP strips onto masonry structures: experimental results and analytical evaluations. Composites: Mechanics, Computations, Applications, An International Journal 4 (1):1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Ganz, H.R. 1990. Post-tensioned masonry structures: Properties of masonry design considerations post-tensioning system for masonry structures applications. VSL Report Series No. 2, Berne, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Ganz, H.R. 2002. Post-tensioned masonry around the world. Proceedings of the First Annual Conference of the Post-tensioning Institute, San Antonio, Texas.
   Google Scholar
• Gambarotta, L. and S. Lagomarsino. 1997. Damage models for the seismic response of brick masonry shear walls. Part I and II. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Mechanics 26:441–462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grünthal, G. 1998. European Macroseismic Scale EMS-98. Notes of the European Center of Geodynamics and Seismology, vol. 15, Luxembourg.
   Google Scholar
• INAH. 2003. Restoration and strengthening works on the damaged historical buildings after the 2003 Colima, Mexico earthquake. National Institute of Anthropology and History, Colima, Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Indirli, M., M.G. Castellano, P. Clemente, and A. Martelli. 2001. Demo-application of shape memory alloy devices: the rehabilitation of the S. Giorgio church bell-tower. Conference on Smart Systems for Bridges, Structures and Highways, SPIE. Newport Beach, California, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Ivorra, S. and F.J. Pallares. 2006. Dynamic investigations on a masonry bell tower. Engineering Structures 28:660–667.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivorra, S., F.J. Pallares, and J.M. Adam. 2008. Experimental and numerical studies on the bell tower of Santa Justa y Rufina (Orihuela-Spain). Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC), Bath, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Lantada, N., L. Pujades, and A. Barbat. 2009. Vulnerability index and Capacity Spectrum based methods for urban seismic risk evaluation. A comparison. Journal of Natural Hazards 51:501–524.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lofti, H.R. and P.B. Shing. 1994. Interface model applied to fracture of masonry structures. Journal of Structural Engineering 120 (1):63–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lourenço, P.B. and J. Rot. 1997. A multi-surface interface model for the analysis of masonry structures. Journal on Engineering Mechanics 123 (7):660–668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lourenço, P.B., J. Rots, and J. Blaauwendraad. 1998. Continuum model for masonry: parameter estimation and validation. Journal on Structural Engineering 124 (6):642–652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MDS-CFE. 2008. Manual of Civil Constructions: Seismic Design (in Spanish). Federal Commission of Electricity (CFE) and Institute of Electrical Research, Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Mondal, G., and S.K. Jain. 2008. Lateral stiffness of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames with central openings. Earthquake Spectra 24 (3):701–723.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muciaccia, G., and L. Biolzi. (2012). Thermal degradation of fiber reinforced extruded materials.” Fire Safety Journal 49 (4):89–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NCSE. 2002. Spanish Seismoresistant Construction Norm (in Spanish). General Part and Edification (Spanish standard). Ministry of Foment. Spain.
   Google Scholar
• NTCDF. 2004. Complementary Technical Norms of the Mexican Construction Code (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Orduña, A., and P.B. Lourenço. 2005a. Three-dimensional limit analysis of rigid blocks assemblages. Part I: Torsion failure on frictional interfaces and limit analysis formulation. International Journal of Solids and Structures 42 (18–19):5140–5160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orduña, A., and P.B. Lourenço. 2005b. Three-dimensional limit analysis of rigid blocks assemblages. Part II: Load-path following solution procedure and validation. International Journal of Solids and Structures 42 (18–19):5161–5180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orduña, A., A. Preciado, J.F Galván, and J.C. Araiza. 2008. Vulnerability assessment of churches at Colima by 3D limit analysis models. Proceedings of the 6th Int. Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC), Bath, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey, B.H., and K. Meguro. 2004. Simulation of brick masonry wall behavior under in-plane lateral loading using applied element method. Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper 1664, Vancouver, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Preciado, A. 2007. Seismic vulnerability assessment of historical constructions in the State of Colima, Mexico ( in Spanish). Master thesis, University of Colima, Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Preciado, A. 2011. Seismic vulnerability reduction of historical masonry towers by external prestressing devices. Doctoral thesis, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany and University of Florence, Italy.
   Google Scholar
• Preciado, A., J. Lester, J.M. Ingham, M. Pender, and G. Wang. 2014. Performance of the Christchurch, New Zealand Cathedral during the M7.1 2010 Canterbury earthquake. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC), Topic 11, Paper 02, Mexico City.
   Google Scholar
• Preciado, A., and A. Orduña. 2014. A correlation between damage and intensity on old masonry churches in Colima, Mexico by the 2003 M7.5 earthquake. Journal of Case Studies in Structural Engineering 2:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Pujades, L.G. 2012. Seismic performance of a block of buildings representative of the typical construction in the Example district in Barcelona, Spain. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 10 (1):331–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Gaytan, A. 2008. Modeling of the source and simulation of accelerograms of the earthquake of Tecoman of the 21st of January, 2003, by the method of the empirical Green’s function (in Spanish). Doctoral thesis, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Lozoya, H., L. Quintanar, C. Rebollar, J. Gomez, Y. Yagi, T. Dominguez, G. Reyes, C. Javier, and L. Alcantara. 2007. Source characteristics of the 22nd January 2003 Mw 7.5 Tecoman, Mexico, earthquake and its rupture process. Revista Geofísica del Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia.
   Google Scholar
• Schlegel, R. 2004. Numerical simulations of masonry structures by homogenized and discrete modeling strategies (in German). Doctoral thesis, University of Weimar, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Sperbeck, S. 2009. Seismic risk assessment of masonry walls and risk reduction by means of prestressing. Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• SSN. 2010. National Seismological Service of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
   Google Scholar
• UCOL. 1997. The macro-earthquake of Manzanillo occurred on October 9th, 1995 (in Spanish). University of Colima (UCOL), Government of the state of Colima and the Mexican Society of Seismic Engineering.
   Google Scholar