Publication Cover
International Journal of Architectural Heritage
Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration
Volume 12, 2018 - Issue 1
203
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

In situ desalination of a granitic column by the electrokinetic method

, , , &

References

  • Arya, C., Q. Sa’id-Shawqi, and P. R. W. Vassie. 1996. Factors influencing electrochemical removal of chloride from concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 26 (6):851–860. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(96)00067-1.
  • Auras, M. 2008. Poultices and mortars for salt contaminated masonry and stone objects. In Salt Weathering on Buildings and Stone Sculptures, 22-24 October 2008, The National Museum Copenhagen, Denmark: [Proceedings from the International Conference]. 197-217. Lyngby: Technical University of Denmark.
  • Bertolini, L., F. Bolzoni, B. Elsener, P. Pedeferri, and C. Andrade. 1996. La realcalinización y la extracción electroquímica de los cloruros en las construcciones de hormigón armado. Materiales De Construcción 46 (nº 244). doi:10.3989/mc.1996.v46.i244.522. octubre/noviembre/diciembre 1996.
  • Bertolini, L., L. Coppola, M. Gastaldi, and E. Redaelli. 2009. Electroosmotic transport in porous construction materials and dehumidification of masonry. Construction and Building Materials 23:254–263. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.12.013.
  • Brajer, I. and P. Klenz Larsen. 2008. The salt reduction treatment on the wall paintings in Tirsted Church. In Salt Weathering on Buildings and Stone Sculptures, 22-24 October 2008, The National Museum Copenhagen, Denmark: [Proceedings from the International Conference]. 219-228. Lyngby: Technical University of Denmark.
  • Cardell, C., T. Rivas, M. J. Mosquera, J. M. Birginie, A. Moropoulou, B. Brieto, B. Silva, and R. Van Grieken. 2003. Patterns of damage in igneous and sedimentary rocks under conditions simulating sea-salt weathering. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 28:1–14. doi:10.1002/esp.408.
  • Charola, A. E. 2000. Salts in the deterioration of porous materials: An overview. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 39:327–343. doi:10.2307/3179977.
  • Charola, A. E., J. Pühringer, and M. Steiger. 2006. Gypsum: A review of its role in the deterioration of building materials. Environmental Geology 52 (2):339–352. doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0566-9.
  • CIE S 014-4/E. 2007. Colorimetry Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour Space. International Commission on Illumination. Vienna: CIE Central Bureau.
  • Díaz, B., X. R. Nóvoa, B. Puga, and V. Vivier. 2014. Macro and micro aspects of the transport of chlorides in cementitious membranes. Electrochimica Acta 124:61–68. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.105.
  • Doehne, E., and C. A. Price. 2011. Stone conservation: An overview of current research, 2nd ed, Vol. 2, 164. http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/stoneconservation.pdf
  • EU Desalination Project- Assessment of Desalination Mortars and Poultices for Historic masonry, Contract no.: 022714 (2006).
  • Feijoo, J., O. Matyščák, L. M. Ottosen, T. Rivas, and X. R. Nóvoa. 2017a. Electrokinetic desalination of protruded areas of stone avoiding the direct contact with electrodes. Materials and Structures 50 (1):82. doi:10.1617/s11527-016-0946-x.
  • Feijoo, J., X. R. Nóvoa, T. Rivas, M. J. Mosquera, J. Taboada, C. Montojo, and F. Carrera. 2013. Granite desalination using electromigration. Influence of type of granite and saline contaminant. Journal of Cultural Heritage 14:365–376. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2012.09.004.
  • Feijoo, J., L. M. Ottosen, X. R. Nóvoa, T. Rivas, and I. De Rosario. 2017b. Materials and Structures 50: 186. doi:10.1617/s11527-017-1063-1.
  • Feijoo, J., L. M. Ottosen, and J. S. Pozo-Antonio. 2015. Influence of the properties of granite and sandstone in the desalination process by electrokinetic technique. Electrochimica Acta 181:280–87. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.006.
  • Franzoni, E. 2014. Rising damp removal from historical masonries: A still open challenge. Construction and Building Materials. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.054.
  • Franzoni, E., S. Bandini, and G. Graziani. 2014. Rising moisture, salts and electrokinetic effects in ancient masonries: From laboratory testing to on-site monitoring. Journal of Cultural Heritage 15:112–120. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2013.03.003.
  • ICOMOS-ISCS 2008. International scientific committee for stone (ISCS). Comité scientifique international “Pierre” de l’ICOMOS. Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns ISBN: 978-2-918086-00-0 EAN: 9782918086000.
  • IGME (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España) Mapa geológico de España. 1980. Serie Magna; E 1:50000 1980. 2nd ed Sheet 121 (La Estrada).
  • Koob, S. P., and N. W. Yee. 2000. The desalination of ceramics using a semi-automated continuous washing station. Studies in Conservation 45:265–273.
  • Lopez-Arce, P., E. Doehne, J. Greenshields, D. Benavente, and D. Young. 2009. Treatment of rising damp and salt decay: The historic masonry buildings of Adelaide, South Australia. Materials and Structures 42:827–848. doi:10.1617/s11527-008-9427-1.
  • Lubelli, B., T. G. Nijland, R. P. J. Van Hees, and A. Hacquebord. 2010. Effect of mixed in crystallization inhibitor on resistance of lime–cement mortar against NaCl crystallization. Construction and Building Materials 24 (12):2466–2472. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.010.
  • Lubelli, B., and R. P. J. Van Hees. 2010. Desalination of masonry structures: Fine tuning of pore size distribution of poultices to substrate properties. Journal of Cultural Heritage 11 (1):10–18. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2009.03.005.
  • Lubelli, B., R. P. J. Van Hees, and H. De Clercq. 2011. Fine tuning of desalination poultices: Try outs in practice SWBSS 2011. Cyprus: Limassol.
  • Matyščák, O., L. M. Ottosen, and I. Rörig-Dalgaard. 2014. Desalination of salt damaged Obernkirchen sandstone by an applied DC field. Construction and Building Materials 71:561–569. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.051.
  • McAdam, A. C., M. Y. Zolotov, M. V. Mironenko, and T. G. Sharp. 2008. Formation of silica by low-temperature acid alteration of Martian rocks: Physical-chemical constraints. Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets 113. doi:10.1029/2007JE003056.
  • Mokrzycki, W. S., and M. Tatol. 2011. Colour Difference Δe ― a Survey. Machine Graphics & Vision 20:383–411.
  • Ottosen, L. M., and I. V. Christensen. 2012. Electrokinetic desalination of sandstones for NaCl removal: Test of different clay poultices at the electrodes. Electrochimica Acta 86:192–202. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.005.
  • Ottosen, L. M., I. V. Christensen, and I. Rörig-Dalgaard (2012). Electrochemical desalination of salt infected limestone masonry of a historic warehouse. Structural Faults and Repair, Edinburgh 2012. Proceedings.
  • Ottosen, L. M., C. M. D. Ferreira, and I. V. Christensen. 2010. Electrokinetic desalination of glazed ceramic tiles. In Journal of Applied Electrochemistry (Vol 40:1161–1171. doi:10.1007/s10800-010-0086-x.
  • Ottosen, L. M., A. J. Pedersen, and I. Rörig-Dalgaard. 2007. Salt-related problems in brick masonry and electrokinetic removal of salts. Journal of Building Appraisal 3:181–194. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jba.2950074.
  • Ottosen, L. M., and I. Rörig-Dalgaard. 2009. Desalination of a brick by application of an electric DC field. Materials and Structures 42(7):961–971. doi:10.1617/s11527-008-9435-1.
  • Ottosen, L. M., I. Rörig-Dalgaard, and A. Villumsen. 2008. Electrochemical removal of salts from masonry - Experiences from pilot scale. In Salt Weathering on Buildings and Stone Sculptures, Proceedings from the international conference. DTU Byg, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, 250–341.
  • Paz-García, J. M., B. Johannesson, L. M. Ottosen, A. N. Alshawabkeh, A. B. Ribeiro, and J. M. Rodríguez-Maroto. 2012. Modeling of electrokinetic desalination of bricks. Electrochimica Acta 86:213–222. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.132.
  • Pel, L., H. Huinink, and K. Kopinga. 2003. Salt transport and crystallization in porous building materials. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 21:317–320. doi:10.1016/S0730-725X(03)00161-9.
  • Pel, L., A. Sawdy, and V. Voronina. 2010. Physical principles and efficiency of salt extraction by poulticing. Journal of Cultural Heritage 11 (1):59–67. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2009.03.007ç.
  • Petković, J., H. P. Huinink, L. Pel, K. Kopinga, and R. P. J. Van Hees. 2007. Salt transport in plaster/substrate layers. Materials and Structures 40 (5):475–490. doi:10.1617/s11527-006-9151-7.
  • Price, C. A. 1993. Preventive conservation of salt-contaminated masonry in the Wakefield Tower. HM Tower of London. Institute of Archaeology Bulletin (1993 (30):121–133.
  • Rivas, T., E. Alvarez, M. J. Mosquera, L. Alejano, and J. Taboada. 2010. Crystallization modifiers applied in granite desalination: The role of the stone pore structure. Construction and Building Materials 24 (5):766–776. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.031.
  • Rivas, T., J. Feijoo, I. De Rosario, and J. Taboada. 2017. Use of Ferrocyanides on Granite Desalination by Immersion and Poultice-Based Methods. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 11 (4):588–606. doi:10.1080/15583058.2016.1277282.
  • Rodrigues, J. D., and A. Grossi. 2007. Indicators and ratings for the compatibility assessment of conservation actions. Journal of Cultural Heritage 8:32–43. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2006.04.007.
  • Rodriguez-Navarro, C., L. Linares-Fernandez, E. Doehne, and E. Sebastian. 2002. Effects of ferrocyanide ions on NaCl crystallization in porous stone. Journal of Crystal Growth 243 (3–4):503–516. doi:10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01499-9.
  • Sawdy, A. M., A. Heritage, and L. Pel. 2008. A review of salt transport in porous media : Assessment methods and salt reduction treatments. In Salt Weathering on Buildings and Stone Sculptures (SWBSS) 22–24 (October):2008.
  • Silva, B., T. Rivas, and B. Prieto. 2003. Soluble salts in granitic monuments: Origin and decay effects. In Applied study of cultural heritage and clays, ed. J. L. Pérez-Rodríguez, ISBN 84-00-08197-8, 113–130.
  • Tsui, N., R. J. Flatt, and G. W. Scherer. 2003. Crystallization damage by sodium sulfate. Journal of Cultural Heritage 4:109–115. doi:10.1016/S1296-2074(03)00022-0.
  • Unruh, J. 2001. A revised endpoint for ceramics desalination at the archaeological site of Gordion, Turkey. Studies in Conservation 46:81–92. doi:10.2307/1506839.
  • Valenza, J. J., and G. W. Scherer. 2007. A review of salt scaling: II. Mechanisms. Cement and Concrete Research 37 (7):1022–1034. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.03.003.
  • Vergès-Belmin, V., and H. Siedel. 2005. Desalination of Masonries and Monumental Sculptures by Poulticing: A Review. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 11 (6):391–408. doi:10.1515/rbm-2005-6000.
  • Watt, D., and B. Colston. 2000. Investigating the effects of humidity and salt crystallisation on medieval masonry. Building and Environment 35:737–749. doi:10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00015-9.
  • White, A. F., and S. L. Brantley. 2003. The effect of time on the weathering of silicate minerals: Why do weathering rates differ in the laboratory and field? Chemical Geology 202 (3–4):479–506. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.03.001.
  • Zornoza-Indart, A. (2012). Técnicas de desalación. pp. 143–54. Curso postgrado CSIC. La conservación de los geomateriales utilizados en el patrimonio. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. ISBN: 978-84-615-7660-9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.