Publication Cover
International Journal of Architectural Heritage
Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration
Volume 16, 2022 - Issue 4
192
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Microtremor Measurement and Damage Investigation of Historical Timber–masonry Composite Tiered Temples in Nepal

ORCID Icon, , , , , , & show all
Pages 518-537 | Received 30 Nov 2019, Accepted 07 Aug 2020, Published online: 10 Sep 2020

References

  • AIJ. 2003. Standard for structural design of timber structures. Architectural Institute of Japan.
  • Altunisik, A. C., E. Kalkan, F. Y. Okur, K. Ozgan, O. Ş. Karahasan, and A. Bostanci. 2020. Non-destructive modal parameter identification of historical timber bridges using ambient vibration tests after restoration. Measurement 146:411–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.06.051.
  • Architectural Institute of Japan. 2016. Reconnaissance report on the 2015 Nepal Gorkha earthquake. Architectural Institute of Japan.
  • Dixit, A. M., A. Ringler, D. Sumy, E. Conchran, S. Hough, S. Martin, S. Gibbons, J. Luetgert, J. Galetzka, S. Shrestha, et al. 2015. Strong-motion observations of the M 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake sequence and development of the N-SHAKE strong-motion network. Seismological Research Letters 86 (6):1533–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150146.
  • Fujita, K., D. Ponce, K. Kawashima, T. Toyoda, S. Kim, T. Hanazato, J. Subedi, and M. Shakya. 2018. Micro tremor measurement and damage investigation on historic timber masonry composite pagoda in Nepal three storied pagoda in Patan. World Conference on Timber Engineering, TRD03-04, CDR, August.
  • Fujita, K., T. Hanazato, and I. Sakamoto. 2004. Earthquake response monitoring and seismic performance of five storied timber pagoda. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, vol. 54.
  • Fukuwa, N., T. Hirai, J. Tobita, and K. Kurata. 2016. Dynamic response of tall buildings on sedimentary basin to long-period seismic ground motion. Journal of Disaster Research 11 (5):857–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0857.
  • Gutschow, N., and B. Basukala. 2011. Architecture of the Newars: A history of building typologies and details in Nepal. Vols. 2–3. Serindia. http://www.nset.org.np/nset2012/index.php/menus/subsubmenudetail/menuid-58/submenuid-137/subsubmenuid-48.
  • Jaishi, B., W. Ren, Z. Zong, and P. Maskey. 2003. Dynamic and seismic performance of old multi-tiered temples in Nepal. Engineering Structures 25 (14):1827–39. December. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.08.006.
  • Korn, W. 2007 Edition (first published in 1976). The traditional architecture of the Kathmandu Valley. Bibliotheca Minalayica. ISBN978-99933-0-630-6.
  • Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) & Nepal Disaster Preparedness Network (DPNet). 2009. Nepal disaster report: The hazardscape and vulnerability, Chapter 6: Earthquakes pp. 104–125, UNDP, Kathmandu.
  • Nienhuys, S. 2003. Options for reconstruction and retrofitting of historic Pagoda temples. Example of the Narayan Temple, Kathmandu Durbar Square. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sjoerd_Nienhuys/publication/232659617.
  • Niitsu, Y., and T. Hanazato. 2018. Restoration of seismically-vulnerable historical masonry structures struck by and earthquake, Part 9: Acceleration Monitoring of Nyatapola Temple in Nepal, Annual Report of Architectural Institute of Japan, 881–82.
  • NRICP Tokyo. 2016. Project for investigation of damage situation of cultural heritage in Nepal. National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo, Project Report, March.
  • NSET-Nepal. 2018. Earthquake catalogue of Nepal 1255 – 2011 AD. National Society for Earthquake Technology. Accessed November 8, 2018.
  • Pepi, C., M. Gioffre’, and M. D. Grigoriu. 2019. Parameters identification of cable stayed footbridges using Bayesian inference. Meccanica 54:1403–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-019-01019-x.
  • Russo, S., D. Liberatore, and L. Sorrentino. 2018. Combined ND techniques for structural assessment: The case of historic Nepali constructions after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Proceedings of The Eighteenth International Conference of Experimental Mechanics, Brussels.
  • Shakya, M., and C. Kawan. 2015. Reconnaissance based damage survey of buildings in Kathmandu Valley: An aftermath of 7.8 Mw, 25 April 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) Earthquake. Elsevier Ltd. ISSN 1350-6307. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.10.003.
  • Soti, R., L. Abdulrahman, A. R. Barbosa, R. L. Wood, M. E. Mohammadi, and M. J. Olsen. 2020. Case study: Post-earthquake model updating of a heritage pagoda masonry temple using AEM and FEM. Engineering Structures 206:109950. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109950.
  • Thapa, D. 2018. Seismicity of Nepal and the surrounding region. Bulletin of the Department of Geology 20:83–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v20i0.20727.
  • Theophile, E., and R. Ranjitkar. 1992. The Nepalese pagoda temple. Presented at the ICOMOS International Wood Committee, Nepal, vol. 8th International Symposium.
  • Tiwari, S. 2009. Temples of the Nepal Valley. Himal Books.
  • United States Geological Survey. 2015. M 7.8 – 36 km E of Khudi, Nepal. Reston, VA: Department of the Interior. April 25.
  • Wood, R., M. E. Mohammadi, A. R. Barbosa, L. Abdulrahman, R. Soti, C. K. Kawan, M. Shakya, and M. Olsen. 2017. Damage assessment and modeling of the five-tiered pagoda-style Nyatapola Temple. Earthquake Spectra 33 (S1):S377–S384. doi:https://doi.org/10.1193/121516eqs235m.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.