246
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Anti-Seismic Retrofitting Techniques for Vernacular Adobe Buildings in Colombia: A Proposed Framework for Developing and Assessing Sustainable and Appropriate Interventions

ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 923-939 | Received 30 Jul 2021, Accepted 27 Sep 2021, Published online: 07 Nov 2021

References

  • Abdulla, K. F., L. S. Cunningham, and M. Gillie. 2021. Out-of-plane strengthening of adobe masonry using hemp fibre ropes: An experimental investigation. Engineering Structures 245:112931. Science direct. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112931.
  • Allahvirdizadeh, R., D. V. Oliveira, and R. A. Silva. 2019. Numerical modeling of the seismic out-of-plane response of a plain and TRM-strengthened rammed earth subassembly. Engineering Structures 193:43–56. Science direct. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.05.022.
  • Angulo-Ibáñez, Q., A. Mas-Tomás, V. Galvañ-Llopis, and J. Sántolaria-Montesinos. 2012. Traditional braces of earthen constructions. Valencia: Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier.
  • Aranguren, J., F. Vieux-Champagne, M. Duriez, and J. E. Aubert. 2020. Experimental analysis of timber inclusions effect on paraseismic behavior of earth masonry walls. Engineering Structures 212:110429. Science direct doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110429.
  • Ashby, M. 2012. Materials and the environment: Eco-informed material choice. Butterworth-Heinemann-Elsevier.
  • Avrami, E. C., H. Guillaud, and M. Hardy, eds. 2008. Terra literature review: An overview of research in earthen architecture conservation. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute.
  • Blondet, M. 2010. Manual de construcción con adobe reforzado con geomallas, de viviendas de bajo costo saludables y seguras. Lima, Perú: Pontificia Universidad Católica.
  • Blondet, M., D. Torrealva, G. Villa García, F. Ginocchio, and I. Madueño. 2005. Using industrial materials for the construction of safe adobe houses in seismic areas. Proceedings of EarthBuild2005 International Earth Building Conference, Sydney, Australia, January 19 –21, 2005.
  • Blondet, M., J. Vargas, C. Sosa, and J. Soto. 2014. Using mud injection and an external rope mesh to reinforce historical earthen buildings located in seismic areas. In Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, Mexico City, October 14-17 2014, ed. F. Peña, and M. Chávez, Mexico City: National Autonomous University of Mexico.
  • Blondet, M., J. Vargas-Neumann, N. Tarque, and C. Iwaki. 2011. Construcción sismorresistente en tierra: La gran experiencia contemporánea de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Informes de la Construcción 63 (523):41–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.3989/ic.10.017.
  • Blondet, M., J. Vargas,N. Tarque. 2008. Low-cost reinforcement of earthen houses in seismic areas. 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, Beijing, China, October 12–17, 2008.
  • Cancino, C., S. Macdonald, S. Lardinois, D. D’Ayala, C. Fonseca, D. Torrealva, and E. Vicente. 2012. The seismic retrofitting project: Methodology for seismic retrofitting of historic earthen sites after the 2007 earthquake. Proceedings of 11th International Conference on the Study and Conservation of Earthen Architectural Heritage, Lima, Peru, April 23 –26, 2012.
  • Cárdenas-Haro, X., L. Todisco, J. León, C. Jurado, and E. Vergara. 2021. Geometry and proportions of adobe vernacular buildings in cuenca, ecuador. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 1–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2021.1879312.
  • Christoforou, E., A. Kylili, P. Fokaides, and I. Ioannou. 2015. Creadle to site life cycle assessment (LCA) of adobe bricks. Journal of Cleaner Production 112:443–52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.016.
  • Correia, M., P. Lourenço, and H. Varum. Eds. 2015. Seismic retrofitting: Learning from vernacular architecture. London: Taylor& Francis Group,978–1–138–02892–0
  • Costa, C., A. Cerqueira, F. Rocha, and A. Velosa. 2019. The Sustainability of Adobe Construction: Past to Future. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 13 5:639–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2018.1459954
  • D’Ayala, D., and E. Speranza, 2002. An integrated procedure for the assessment of seismic vulnerability of historic buildings. Proceedings of 12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, London, 9-13 September 2022. Elsevier Science Ltd.
  • De Filippi, F., and E. Zanet. 2018. The “Cartilla de mantenimiento” as a tool for deprotection and maintenance of the earthen architectural heritage in Tunja, Colombia. In World heritage and knowledge: Representation, restoration, redesign, resilience, 757–66. Roma: Gangemi Editore.
  • De Filippi, F., R. Pennacchio, L. Restuccia, and S. Torres. 2020. “Towards a sustainable and context-based approach to anti-seismic retrofitting techniques for vernacular adobe buildings in Colombia, Int.” Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci XLIV–M–1–2020, 1089–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIV-M-1-2020-1089-2020.
  • Dowling, D., B. Samali, and J. Li. , 2005. An 4improved means of reinforcing adobe walls-external vertical reinforcement. In SismoAdobe,1-19. Lima, Perú: PUCP.
  • Elnashai, A. S., B. Gencturk,O. S. Kwon,I. L. Al-Qadi, Y. Hashash, J. Roesler, S. J. Kim, S. H. Jeong, J. Dukes, A. Valdivia. (2010). “The Maule (Chile) Earthquake of February 27, 2010: Consequence Assessment and Case Studies,” Mid-America Earthquake (MAE) Center, Research Report 10–04, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  • Fannin, R., V. Quinteros, and J. Vaslestad. 2013. Durability of geosynthetic reinforcement: Exumation of geogrid from a sloped reinforced soil wall after 25 years. In Proceeding of the Canadian Geothecnical Conference, Geo Montréal 2013, Montreal, Quebec, sept 29 - Oct 3.
  • Figueiredo, A., H. Varum, A. Costa, D. Silveira, and C. Oliveira. 2013. Seismic retrofitting of an adobe masonry wall. Materials and Structures 46(1–2):203–19. Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9895-1.
  • Fratini, F., R. L. Pecchioni, and U. Tonietti. 2011. The earth in the architecture of the historical centre of Lanezia Terme (Italy): Characterization for restoration. Applied Clay Science 53 (3):509–16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.11.007.
  • Gautam, D. 2017. Assessment of social vulnerability to natural hazards in Nepal. Natural hazards and earth system science, 17, 2313–2320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2313-2017
  • Giardini D, G. Grünthal, K. M. Shedlock, P. Zhang. 1999. The GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map. Ann. Geophys. [Internet]. 1999.Nov.25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4410/ag-3784
  • Invernizzi, S., M. Mattone, P. Vachey, and M. Gentile. 2017. Experimental study of earthen walls with geogrid reinforced mud plaster. In Vernacular and earthen architecture. Conservation and sustainability, ed. C. Mileto, F. Vegas Lopez-Manzanares, L. Garcia-Soriano & V. Cristini, 763–7. London: CRC-Press/Balkema, Taylor and Francis.
  • Joffroy, T., D. Gandreau, and L. Delboy. 2012. World heritage: Inventory of earthen architecture. Grenoble: CRAterre-ENSAG. 288. 978–2–906901–70–4
  • JSCE, Earthquake Engineering Committee. 2001. The January 13, 2001 off the coast of El Salvador earthquake. In Investigation of damage to civil engineering structures, buildings and dwellings, Pages 1-18. Tokyo: Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE).
  • Karanikoloudis, G., P. B. Lourenço, D. Torrealva, C. Cancino, and K. Wong, 2018. Mitigation of seismic vulnerability in earthen historic structures with traditional strengthening techniques. In Proceedings of 16th European conference on earthquake engineering. Thessaloniki.
  • Lourenço, P. B., M. P. Ciocci, F. Greco, G. Karanikoloudis, C. Ciancino, D. Torrealva, and K. Wong. 2018. Traditional techniques for the rehabilitation and protection of historic earthen structures: The seismic retrofitting project. International Journal of Architectural Heritage Taylor & Francis. 13 (1):15–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2018.1497232.
  • Michiels, M. 2015. Seismic retrofitting techniques for historic adobe buildings. International Journal of Architectural Heritage Taylor & Francis. 9 (8):1059–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2014.924604.
  • Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia, ONF Andina, 2015. Uso y legalidad de la madera en Colombia. Bogotá. http://www.minambiente.gov.co/images/BosquesBiodiversidadyServiciosEcosistemicos/pdf/Gobernanza_forestal_2/12._Uso_y_Legalidad_de_la_Madera.pdf (27 January 2020).
  • Ministerio de ambiente, vivienda y desarrollo territorial. 2010. Reglamento colombiano de construcción sismo resistente NSR-10. Bogotá: Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería Sísmica.
  • Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento, Peru. 2017. Norma E.080 “Diseño y Construccion con tierra reforzada”.El Peruano. Lima, Peru. 2017. https://procurement-notices.undp.org/view_file.cfm?doc_id=109376
  • Minke, G. 2001. Construction manual for earthquake resistant houses built of earth. Eschborn: Gate-Basin.
  • Minke, G. 2012. Building with earth: Design and technology of a sustainable architecture. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag AG.
  • Niroumand, H., M.F.M., Zain,M. Jamil. 2013. A guideline for assessing of critical parameters on Earth architecture and Earth buildings as a sustainable architecture in various countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 28: 130–165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.020
  • Ojeda, M. 2002. Análisis de la estabilidad de muros en tierra y su comportamiento ante un sismo. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.
  • ONF Andina. Sesión No. 7. Comité Asesor Estratégico I Misión de Crecimiento Verde, 2018. Presentación del estudio sobre economía forestal. Bogotá. https://www.dnp.gov.co/Crecimiento-Verde/Documents/comite/Sesion%207/presentacion%20DNP%2001%2002%202018%20-%202.pdf (27 January 2020)
  • Ortega, J., G. Vasconcelos, H. Rodrigues, and M. Correia. 2018. Assessment of the influence of horizontal diaphragms on the seismic performance of vernacular buildings. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16(9):3871–904. Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0318-8.
  • Ortega, J., G. Vasconcelos, H. Rodrigues, M. Correia, and P. B. Lourenço. 2017. Traditional earthquake resistant techniques for vernacular architecture and local seismic cultures: A literature review. Journal of Cultural Heritage 27:181–96. Elsevier. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.02.015.
  • Pennacchio, R., and R. Nicchia. 2013. Promoting vernacular architecture as a central topic in academic research and education through design – Build studios with indigenous communities of Mexico. In Vernacular heritage and earthen architecture, contributions for sustainable development, ed. M. Correia, G. Carlos, and S. Rocha. 791-796. London: CRC Press/ Balkema,Taylor and Francis.
  • Reyes, J. C., F. A. Galvis, L. E. Yamín, C. Gonzalez, J. D. Sandoval, and P. Heresi. 2019a. Out‐of‐plane shaking table tests of full‐scale historic adobe corner walls retrofitted with timber elements. Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn. 48 (8): 888–909. 2019. Wiley. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3168.
  • Reyes, J. C., I. Rincon, L. E. Yamin, J. F. Correal, J. G. Martinez, J. D. Sandoval, C. D. Gonzalez, and C. C. Angel. 2020. Seismic retrofitting of existing earthen structures using steel plates. Construction and Building Materials 230:117039. Sciencedirect doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117039.
  • Reyes, J. C., J. Paul Smith-Pardo, L. E. Yamin, F. A. Galvis, C. C. Angel, J. C. Sandoval, and C. D. Gonzalez. 2019b. Seismic experimental assessment of steel and synthetic meshes for retrofitting heritage earthen structures. Engineering Structures 198:109477. Sciencedirect. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109477.
  • Rivera, A., Rivera + Muñoz Sociedad de ideas mutuas, Fundación Jofré, 2013. El adobe. http://eladobe.cl/ (27 January 2020).
  • Ruiz, D. M., C. López, and J. C. Rivera. 2012. Propuesta de normativa para la rehabilitación sísmica de edificaciones patrimoniales. Apuntes 25 (2):226–39. Bogotá.
  • Sathiparan, N. 2020. State of art review on PP-band retrofitting for masonry structures. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 5(2):62. Springer. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-00316-9.
  • Silveira, D., H. Varum, A. Costa, H. e Pereira, L. Sarchi, and R. Monteiro. 2018. Seismic behavior of two Portuguese adobe buildings: Part I - in-plane cyclic testing of a full-scale adobe wall. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 12 (6):922–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2017.1423131.
  • Suffian, S., R. Dzombak, and K. Mehta. 2016. “Future directions for nonconventional and vernacular material research and applications.” Nonconv. Vernac. Constr. Mater Elsevier, 63–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100038-0.00003-2.
  • Tolles, E. L., E. E. Kimbo, F. A. Webster, and W. S. Ginell. 2020. Seismic stabilization of historic adobe structures: Final report of the getty seismic adobe project. Los Angeles, CA: The Getty Conservation Institute.
  • Vargas-Neumann, J., C. Oliveira, D. Silveira, and H. Varum. 2018. SeismicRetrofit of adobe constructions. in building pathology and rehabilitation. In Strengthening and retrofitting of existing structures, ed. V. Peixoto de Freitas, A. Costa, and J. M. P. Q. Delgado, Vol. 9, 85-111. Singapore: Springer. ed. A. Costa, A.Arêde, H. Varum.
  • Vega, P., A. Juan, M. I. Guerra, J. M. Morán, P. J. Aguado, and B. Llamas. 2011. Mechanical characterisation of traditional adobes from the north of Spain. Construction and Building Materials 25:3020–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.02.003.
  • Yadav, S., H. Damerji, R. Keco, Y. Sieffert, E. Crété, F. Vieux-Champagne, P. Garnier, and Y. Malecot. 2021. Effects of horizontal seismic band on seismic response in masonry structure: Application of DIC technique. Progress in Disaster Science 10:100149. Sciencedirect. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100149.
  • Yamin, L. E., A. E. Rodriguez, L. R. Fonseca, J. C. Reyes, and C. A. Phillips. 2003. Comportamiento sísmico y alternativas de reabilitacion de edificaciones en adobe y tapia pisada con base en modelos a escala reducida, ensayos en mesa bibratoria. Revista de Ingenieria de la Universidad de Los Andes 18:175–1.
  • Yamin, L. E., D. M. Ruiz, J. C. Reyes, and C. Phillips. 2007. Estudios de vulnerabilidad sísmica, rehabilitación y refuerzo de casas en adobe y tapia pisada, Vol. 20, 286–303. Bogotá: Apuntes.
  • Zavala, C., and L. Igarashi 2005. Propuesta de reforzamiento para muros de adobe. Proceedings of the SismoAdobe2005 Conference, Lima, Peru, May 16 –19, 2005.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.