Mechanical Requirements of Shape-Memory Polymers in Biomedical Devices

References

• Yakacki , C. M. , Shandas , R. , Safranski , D. , Ortega , A. M. , Sassaman , K. and Gall , K. 2008 . Strong, tailored, biocompatible shape-memory polymer networks, . Adv. Funct. Mater , 18 : 2428 – 2435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , C. and Mather , P. T. 2002 . Thermomechanical Characterization of a Tailored Series of Shape Memory Polymers, . J. Applied Medical Plastics. , 6 : 47 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Baer , G. , Wilson , T. S. , Matthews , D. L. and Maitland , D. J. 2007 . Shape-memory behavior of thermally stimulated polyurethane for medical applications, . J. Appl. Polym. Sci , 103 : 3882 – 3892 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lendlein , A. , Schmidt , A. M. , Schroeter , M. and Langer , R. 2005 . Shape-Memory Polymer Networks from Oligo(e-caprolactone)Dimethacrylates, . Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry , 43 : 1369 – 1381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelch , S. , Choi , N. , Wang , Z. and Lendlein , A. 2008 . Amorphous, Elastic AB Copolymer Networks from Acrylates and Polyy[(L-lactide)-ran-glycolide]dimethacrylates, . Advanced Engineering Materials. , 10 : 494 – 502 .
   Google Scholar
• Xie , T. and Rousseau , I. A. 2009 . Facile tailoring of thermal transition temperatures of epoxy shape memory polymers, . Polymer. , 50 : 1852 – 1856 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maitland , D. J. , Metzger , M. F. , Schumann , D. , Lee , A. and Wilson , T. S. 2002 . Photothermal properties of shape memory polymer micro-actuators for treating stroke, . Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. , 30 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small , W. , Wilson , T. S. , Benett , W. , Loge , J. and Maitland , D. J. 2005 . Laser-activated shape memory polymer intravascular thrombectomy device, . Optics Express. , 13 : 8204 – 8213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , C. , Qin , H. and Mather , P. T. 2007 . Review of progress in shape-memory polymers, . Journal of Materials Chemistry. , 17 : 1543 – 1558 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng , Q. and Hu , J. 2009 . A review of shape memory polymer composites and blends, . Composites: Part A. , 40 : 1661 – 1672 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 510(k) K083792 WedgeLoc Suture Anchor . 2009 . “ editor ” . In Administration, USFaD
   Google Scholar
• 510(k) K101808 ShapeLoc Soft Tissue Fastner . 2010 . “ editor ” . In Administration, USFaD
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , J. N. , Yu , Y. J. , Miller , M. W. , Wilson , T. S. , Hartman , J. , Clubb , F. J. , Gentry , B. and Maitland , D. J. 2012 . Opacification of shape memory polymer foam designed for treatment of intracranial aneurysms, . Ann. Biomed. Eng. , 40 : 883 – 897 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Syzygy Memory Plastics, Inc. 2012 . Available at: http://www.memoryplastics.com
   Google Scholar
• Yakacki , C. M. and Gall , K. 2010 . “ Shape-Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications ” . In Shape-Memory Polymers , Edited by: Lendlein , A . 147 – 175 . Berlin Heidelberg : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Ware , T. , Simon , D. , Arreaga-Salas , D. E. , Reeder , J. , Rennaker , R. , Keefer , E. W. and Voit , W. 2012 . Fabrication of Responsive, Softening Neural Interfaces, . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 22 : 3470 – 3479 .
   Google Scholar
• Ware , T. , Hearon , K. , Lonnecker , A. , Wooley , K. L. , Maitland , D. J. and Voit , W. 2012 . Triple-Shape Memory Polymers Based on Self-Complementary Hydrogen Bonding, . Macromolecules. , 45 : 1062 – 1069 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearon , K. , Gall , K. , Ware , T. , Maitland , D. J. , Bearinger , J. P. and Wilson , T. S. 2011 . Post-Polymerization Crosslinked Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers, . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 121 : 144 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry , J. L. , Manoach , E. , Mekkaoui , C. , Rolland , P. H. , Moore , J. E. and Rachev , A. 2002 . Hemodynamics and wall mechanics of a compliance matching stent: In vitro and in vivo analysis, . J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. , 13 : 97 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvarasu , N. K.C. , Tafti , D. K. and Vlachos , P. P. 2011 . Hydrodynamic Effects of Compliance Mismatch in Stented Arteries, . J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME. , 133 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Katti , K. S. 2004 . Biomaterials in total joint replacement, . Colloids Surf, B , 39 : 133 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uhthoff , H. K. , Poitras , P. and Backman , D. S. 2006 . Internal plate fixation of fractures: short history and recent developments, . J. Orthop. Sci. , 11 : 118 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremblay , D. , Zigras , T. , Cartier , R. , Leduc , L. , Butany , J. , Mongrain , R. and Leask , R. L. 2009 . A Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Materials Used in Aortic Arch Reconstruction, . Ann. Thorac. Surg. , 88 : 1484 – 1491 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Navarro , M. , Michiardi , A. , Castano , O. and Planell , J. A. 2008 . Biomaterials in orthopaedics, . J. Royal. Soc. Inter. , 5 : 1137 – 1158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puskas , J. E. and Chen , Y. H. 2004 . Biomedical application of commercial polymers and novel polyisobutylene-based thermoplastic elastomers for soft tissue replacement, . Biomacromolecules. , 5 : 1141 – 1154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quigley , F. P. , Buggy , M. and Birkinshaw , C. 2002 . Selection of elastomeric materials for compliant-layered total hip arthroplasty, . Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part. H.-J. Eng. Med. , 216 : 77 – 83 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stammen , J. A. , Williams , S. , Ku , D. N. and Guldberg , R. E. 2001 . Mechanical properties of a novel PVA hydrogel in shear and unconfined compression, . Biomaterials. , 22 : 799 – 806 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha , C. , Kohmon , R. E. and Kong , H. 2009 . Biodegradable Polymer Crosslinker: Independent Control of Stiffness, Toughness, and Hydrogel Degradation Rate, . Adv. Funct. Mater. , 19 : 3056 – 3062 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. E. , Parks , S. S. , Hyjek , M. A. , Downey , S. E. and Gall , K. 2009 . The effect of the glass transition temperature on the toughness of photopolymerizable (meth)acrylate networks under physiological conditions, . Polymer. , 50 : 5112 – 5123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson , S. J. , Visser , J. M.A. and Polikeit , A. 2006 . The long-term mechanical integrity of non-reinforced PEEK-OPTIMA polymer for demanding spinal applications: experimental and finite-element analysis, . Eur. Spine J. , 15 : 149 – 156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teoh , S. H. 2000 . Fatigue of biomaterials: a review, . Int. J. Fatigue. , 22 : 825 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pecorini . 1993 . The fracture toughness and fatigue crack propogation behavior of annealed PET, . Polymer. , 34 : 5053 – 5062 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman , B. R.K. , Kinloch , A. J. , Lee , J. S. , Taylor , A. C. , Agarwal , R. , Schueneman , G. and Sprenger , S. 2007 . The fracture and fatigue behaviour of nano-modified epoxy polymers, . J. Mater. Sci. , 42 : 7049 – 7051 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbaczewskiespuche , E. , Gerard , J. F. , Pascault , J. P. , Reffo , G. and Sautereau , H. 1993 . Toughness improvment of an epoxy anhydride matrix - influence on processing and fatigue properties of unidirectional glass-fiber composites . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 47 : 991 – 1002 .
   Google Scholar
• Meyers , M. A. , Chen , P. Y. , Lopez , M. I. , Seki , Y. and Lin , A. Y.M. 2011 . Biological materials: A materials science approach, . J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. , 4 : 626 – 657 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barthelat , F. and Rabiei , R. 2011 . Toughness amplification in natural composites, . J. Mech. Phys. Solids. , 59 : 829 – 840 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung , Y. C. 1993 . Biomechanics:mechanical properties of living tissues. 2nd ed , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Buehler , M. J. 2006 . Nature designs tough collagen: explaining the nanostructure of collagen fibrils, . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , 103 : 12285 – 12290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bevill , G. , Farhamand , F. and Keaveny , T. M. 2009 . Heterogeneity of yield strain in low-density versus high-density human trabecular bone, . J. Biomech. , 42 : 2165 – 2170 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan , Y. L. , Ngan , A. H.W. and King , N. M. 2009 . Use of focused ion beam milling for investigating the mechanical properties of biological tissues: A study of human primary molars, . J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. , 2 : 375 – 383 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DiSilvestro , M. R. , Zhu , Q. L. and Suh , J. K.F. 2001 . Biphasic poroviscoelastic simulation of the unconfined compression of articular cartilage: II - Effect of variable strain rates, . J. Biomech. Eng., Trans. ASME. , 123 : 198 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , C. and Marks , R. Evaluation of biomechanical properties of human skin, . Clin. Dermat. , 13 375 – 380 .
   Google Scholar
• Jantarat , J. , Palamara , J. E.A. , Lindner , C. and Messer , H. H. 2002 . Time-dependent properties of human root dentin, . Dent. Mater. , 18 : 486 – 493 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotha , S. P. and Guzelsu , N. 2003 . Tensile damage and its effects on cortical bone, . J. Biomech. , 36 : 1683 – 1689 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mow , V. C. , Ratcliffe , A. and Poole , A. R. 1992 . “Cartilage and Diarthrodial Joints as Paradigms for Hierarchical Materials and Structures “ . Biomaterials. , 13 : 67 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , X. D. and Nyman , J. S. 2007 . A novel approach to assess post-yield energy dissipation of bone in tension, . J. Biomech. , 40 : 674 – 677 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhu , D. , Gu , G. S. , Wu , W. , Gong , H. , Zhu , W. M. , Jiang , T. and Cao , Z. L. 2008 . Micro-structure and mechanical properties of annulus fibrous of the L4-5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs, . Clin. Biomech. , 23 : S74 – S82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra , N. , Kapusetti , G. , Jaiswal , S. and Maiti , P. 2011 . Toughening of Bone Cement Using Nanoparticle: The Effect of Solvent, . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 121 : 1203 – 1213 .
   Google Scholar
• Lye , K. W. , Tideman , H. , Merkx , M. A.W. and Jansen , J. A. 2009 . Bone Cements and Their Potential Use in a Mandibular Endoprosthesis, . Tissue Eng. Part. B.-Rev. , 15 : 485 – 496 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Semba , T. , Kitagawa , K. , Ishiaku , U. S. and Hamada , H. 2006 . The effect of crosslinking on the mechanical properties of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone blends, . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 101 : 1816 – 1825 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jing , F. and Hillmyer , M. A. 2008 . A bifunctional monomer derived from lactide for toughening polylactide, . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 130 : 13826 – 13827 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maglio , G. , Migliozzi , A. , Palumbo , R. , Immirzi , B. and Volpe , M. G. 1999 . Compatibilized poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/poly(L-lactide) blends for biomedical uses, . Macromol. Rapid. Commun. , 20 : 236 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , K. E. , Temenoff , J. S. and Gall , K. 2009 . On the Toughness of Photopolymerizable (Meth)Acrylate Networks for Biomedical Applications, . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 114 : 2711 – 2722 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. E. , Trusty , P. , Wan , B. and Gall , K. 2011 . Long-term toughness of photopolymerizable (meth)acrylate networks in aqueous environments, . Acta Biomater. , 7 : 558 – 567 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nogueira , P. , Ramirez , C. , Torres , A. , Abad , M. J. , Cano , J. , Lopez , J. , Lopez-Bueno , I. and Barral , L. 2001 . Effect of water sorption on the structure and mechanical properties of an epoxy resin system, . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 80 : 71 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamouda , A. M.S. 2002 . The influence of humidity on the deformation and fracture behaviour of PMMA, . J. Mater. Process. Technol. , 124 : 238 – 243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , W. W. 1981 . The Effect of Diffusion of Water into Epoxy-Resins and Their Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Composites . Composites , 12 : 201 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Pilliar , R. M. , Vowles , R. and Williams , D. F. 1987 . The Effect of Environmental Aging on the Fracture Toughness of Dental Composites, . J. Dent. Res. , 66 : 722 – 726 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sideridou , I. D. , Karabela , M. M. and Bikiaris , D. N. 2007 . Aging studies of light cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins and a resin composite in water or ethanol/water, . Dent. Mater. , 23 : 1142 – 1149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gniadecka , M. , Nielsen , O. F. , Wessel , S. , Heidenheim , M. , Christensen , D. H. and Wulf , H. C. 1998 . Water and protein structure in photoaged and chronically aged skin, . J. Invest. Dermatol. , 111 : 1129 – 1133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chimich , D. , Shrive , N. , Frank , C. , Marchuk , L. and Bray , R. 1992 . Water-content alters viscoelastic behavior of the normal adolescent rabbit medial collateral ligament . J. Biomech. , 25 : 831 – 837 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , T. L. and Stedry , P. J. 1960 . Time and temperature dependence of the ultimate properties of an SBR rubber at constant elongations, . J. Appl. Phys. , 31 : 1892 – 1898 .
   Google Scholar
• Yakacki , C. M. , Willis , S. , Luders , C. and Gall , K. 2008 . Deformation Limits in Shape-Memory Polymers, . Adv. Eng. Mater. , 10 : 112 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , T. L. 1963 . Ultimate tensile properties of elastomers. I. Characterization by a time and temperature independent failure envelope, . J. Polym. Sci. Part. A. , 1 : 3597 – 3615 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldkamp , D. A. and Rousseau , I. A. 2010 . Effect of the Deformation Temperature on the Shape-Memory Behavior of Epoxy Networks, . Macrmolecular Materials and Engineering. , 295 : 726 – 734 .
   Google Scholar
• Hearon , K. , Nash , L. D. , Volk , B. L. , Ware , T. , Lewicki , J. P. , Voit , W. E. , Wilson , T. S. and Maitland , D. J. Electron Beam Crosslinked Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymers with Tunable Mehcnical Properties, . J. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. , In Press
   Google Scholar
• Safranski , D. L. and Gall , K. 2008 . Effect of chemical structure and crosslinking density on the thermo-mechanical properties and toughness of (meth)acrylate shape memory polymer networks, . Polymer. , 49 : 4446 – 4455 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura , K. , Hatakeyama , T. and Hatakeyama , H. 1983 . Relationship between hydrogen-bonding and bound water in polyhydroxystyrene derivatives, . Polymer. , 24 : 871 – 876 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , A. , Corkhill , P. H. and Tighe , B. J. 1988 . Synthetic hydrogels 3. Hydroxyalkyl acrylate and methacrylate copolymers-surface and mechanical properties, . Polymer. , 29 : 2191 – 2202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corkhill , P. H. , Jolly , A. M. , Ng , C. O. and Tighe , B. J. 1987 . Synthetic hydrogels. 1. Hydroxyl acrylate and methacrylate copolymers- Water binding studies, . Polymer. , 28 : 1758 – 1766 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , B. , Huang , W. M. , Li , C. , Lee , C. M. and Li , L. 2004 . On the effects of moisture in a polyurethane shape memory polymer, . Smart Mater Struct. , 13 : 191 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , B. , Huang , W. M. , Li , C. and Li , L. 2006 . Effects of moisture on the thermomechanical properties of polyurethane shape memory polymer, . Polymer. , 47 : 1348 – 1356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , Y. J. , Hearon , K. , Wilson , T. S. and Maitland , D. J. 2011 . The effect of moisture absorption on the physical properties of polyurethane shape memory polymer foams, . Smart Mater Struct. , 20 : 1 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Kurtz , S. M. and Devine , J. N. 2007 . PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants, . Biomaterials. , 28 : 4845 – 4869 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi , N. , Kelch , S. and Lendlein , A. 2006 . Synthesis, Shape-Memory Functionality and Hydrolytical Degradation Studies on Polymer Networks fromPoly(rac-lactide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-bpoly(rac-lactide)dimethacrylates**, . Advanced Engineering Materials. , 8 : 439 – 445 .
   Google Scholar
• Kelch , S. , Steuer , S. , Schmidt , A. M. and Lendlein , A. 2007 . Shape-Memory Polymer Networks from Oligoo[(E-hydroxycaproate)-co-glycolate]dimethacrylates and Butyl Acrylate with Adjustable Hydrolytic Degradation Rate, . Biomacromolecules. , 8 : 1018 – 1027 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lendlein , A. , Schmidt , A. M. and Langer , R. 2001 . AB-polymer networks based on oligo(e-caprolactone) segments showing shape-memory properties, . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , 98 : 842 – 847 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wischke , C. , Neffe , A. T. , Steuer , S. and Lendlein , A. 2009 . Evaluation of a degradable shape-memory polymer network as matrix for controlled drug release, . Journal of Controlled Release. , 138 : 243 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safranski , D. L. , Lesniewski , M. A. , Caspersen , B. S. , Uriarte , V. M. and Gall , K. 2010 . The effect of chemistry on the polymerization, thermo-mechanical properties and degradation rate of poly(beta-amino ester) networks, . Polymer. , 51 : 3130 – 3138 .
   Google Scholar
• Safranski , D. L. , Weiss , D. , Clark , J. B. , Caspersen , B. S. , Taylor , W. R. and Gall , K. 2011 . Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate concentration on network properties and in vivo response of poly(beta-amino ester) networks, . J. Biomed. Mater. Res., A. , 96A : 320 – 329 .
   Google Scholar
• Brey , D. M. , Chung , C. , Hankenson , K. D. , Garino , J. P. and Burdick , J. A. 2010 . Identification of osteoconductive and biodegradable polymers from a combinatorial polymer library, . J. Biomed. Mater. Res., A. , 93A : 807 – 816 .
   Google Scholar
• Safranski , D. L. , Crabtree , J. C. , Huq , Y. R. and Gall , K. 2011 . Thermomechanical properties of semi-degradable Poly(b-amino ester)-co-methyl methacrylate networks under simulated physiological conditions, . Polymer. , 52 : 4920 – 4927 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lakhera , N. , Laursen , C. M. , Safranski , D. L. and Frick , C. P. 2012 . Biodegradable thermoset shape-memory polymer developed from poly(β-amino ester) networks, . Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics. , 50 : 777 – 789 .
   Google Scholar
• Safranski , D. L. 2010 . Poly(beta-amino esters) for Cardiovascular Applications , Atlanta : Georgia Institute of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , W. , Chen , L. and Zhang , Y. 2009 . Surprising shape-memory effect of polylactide resulted from toughening by polyamide elastomer, . Polymer. , 50 : 1311 – 1315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migneco , F. , Huang , Y. C. , Birla , R. K. and Hollister , S. J. 2009 . Poly(glycerol-dodecanoate), a biodegradable polyester for medical devices and tissue engineering scaffolds, . Biomaterials. , 30 : 6479 – 6484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , D. W. , Giese , M. L. , Prukop , S. L. and Grunlan , M. A. 2011 . Poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-Based Shape Memory Polymers with Variable Polydimethylsiloxane Soft Segment Lengths, . J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. , 49 : 754 – 761 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar