DNA hypermethylation of CADM1, PAX5, WT1, RARβ, and PAX6 genes in oropharyngeal cancer associated with human papillomavirus

References

• INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER. Global Cancer Observatory: GLOBOCAN 2020. 2021 Jan 5th. December, 2020. http://gco.iarc.fr/
   Google Scholar
• Saba NF, Goodman M, Ward K, et al. Gender and ethnic disparities in incidence and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue, base of tongue, and tonsils: a surveillance, epidemiology and end results program-based analysis. Oncology. 2011;81(1):12–20.
   Google Scholar
• de Souza DL, Bernal MM, Jerez Roig J, et al. Oropharyngeal Cancer Survival: a Population-Based Study of Patients Diagnosed between 1978 and 2002. ISRN Oncol. 2012;39(6):207263.
   Google Scholar
• Osazuwa-Peters N, Adjei Boakye E, Rohde RL, et al. Understanding of risk factors for the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection based on gender and race. Sci Rep. 2019 Jan 22;9(1):297.
   Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi AK, Graubard BI, Broutian T, et al. Effect of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination on Oral HPV Infections Among Young Adults in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2018 01;36(3):262–267.
   Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, et al. Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Nov;29(32):4294–4301.
   Google Scholar
• Castellsagué X, Alemany L, Quer M, et al. HPV Involvement in Head and Neck Cancers: comprehensive Assessment of Biomarkers in 3680 Patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016 Jun;108(6):djv403.
   Google Scholar
• Pai SI, Westra WH. Molecular pathology of head and neck cancer: implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Annu Rev Pathol. 2009;4(1):49–70.
   Google Scholar
• Chmelarova M, Palicka V. Epigenetics in cancer: a promising path to follow? Clin Chem Lab Med. 2019 Jun 26;57(7):927–931.
   Google Scholar
• Bhat S, Kabekkodu SP, Noronha A, et al. Biological implications and therapeutic significance of DNA methylation regulated genes in cervical cancer. Biochimie. 2016Feb;121:298–311.
   Google Scholar
• Westra WH, Lewis JS. Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: oropharynx. Head Neck Pathol. 2017 Mar;11(1):41–47.
   Google Scholar
• Laco J, Sieglová K, Vošmiková H, et al. The presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA transcripts in a subset of sinonasal carcinomas is evidence of involvement of HPV in its etiopathogenesis. Virchows Arch. 2015 Oct;467(4):405–415.
   Google Scholar
• Demokan S, Dalay N. Role of DNA methylation in head and neck cancer. Clin Epigenetics. 2011 Aug;2(2):123–150.
   Google Scholar
• Fisser MC, Rommer A, Steinleitner K, et al. Induction of the proapoptotic tumor suppressor gene Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 by chemotherapeutic agents is repressed in therapy resistant acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Carcinog. 2015 Dec;54(12):1815–1819.
   Google Scholar
• Mao X, Seidlitz E, Truant R, et al. Re-expression of TSLC1 in a non-small-cell lung cancer cell line induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth. Oncogene. 2004 Jul 22;23(33):5632–5642.
   Google Scholar
• Chen K, Wang G, Peng L, et al. CADM1/TSLC1 inactivation by promoter hypermethylation is a frequent event in colorectal carcinogenesis and correlates with late stages of the disease. Int J Cancer. 2011 Jan 15;128(2):266–273.
   Google Scholar
• Overmeer RM, Henken FE, Snijders PJ, et al. Association between dense CADM1 promoter methylation and reduced protein expression in high-grade CIN and cervical SCC. J Pathol. 2008 Aug;215(4):388–397.
   Google Scholar
• Vallath S, Sage EK, Kolluri KK, et al. CADM1 inhibits squamous cell carcinoma progression by reducing STAT3 activity. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 1;6(1):24006.
   Google Scholar
• Steenbergen RD, Kramer D, Braakhuis BJ, et al. TSLC1 gene silencing in cervical cancer cell lines and cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Feb 18;96(4):294–305.
   Google Scholar
• van Kempen PM, Noorlag R, Braunius WW, et al. Differences in methylation profiles between HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Epigenetics. 2014 Feb;9(2):194–203.
   Google Scholar
• van Kempen PM, van Bockel L, Braunius WW, et al. HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with TIMP3 and CADM1 promoter hypermethylation. Cancer Med. 2014 Oct;3(5):1185–1196.
   Google Scholar
• Woo HJ, Kim SJ, Song KJ, et al. Hypermethylation of the tumor-suppressor cell adhesion molecule 1 in human papillomavirus-transformed cervical carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol. 2015;46(6):2656–2662.
   Google Scholar
• Guerrero-Preston R, Michailidi C, Marchionni L, et al. Key tumor suppressor genes inactivated by “greater promoter” methylation and somatic mutations in head and neck cancer. Epigenetics. 2014 Jul;9(7):1031–1046.
   Google Scholar
• Hayashi M, Guerrero-Preston R, Sidransky D, et al. Paired box 5 methylation detection by droplet digital PCR for ultra-sensitive deep surgical margins analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2015 Nov;8(11):1017–1026.
   Google Scholar
• Wu D, Zhang J, Fan P, et al. Methylation in the promoter regions of WT1, NKX6-1 and DBC1 genes in cervical cancer tissues of Uygur women in Xinjiang. Genet Mol Biol. 2018 Jan-Mar;41(1):9–17.
   Google Scholar
• Scharnhorst V, van der EAJ, Jochemsen AG. WT1 proteins: functions in growth and differentiation. Gene. 2001;273(2):141–161. 2001/08//.
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro IP, Caramelo F, Marques F, et al. WT1, MSH6, GATA5 and PAX5 as epigenetic oral squamous cell carcinoma biomarkers - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2016 Dec;39(6):573–582.
   Google Scholar
• Oji Y, Yamamoto H, Nomura M, et al. Overexpression of the Wilms’ tumor gene WT1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2003 Aug;94(8):712–717.
   Google Scholar
• Lotan R. Retinoids in cancer chemoprevention. FASEB J. 1996 Jul;10(9):1031–1039.
   Google Scholar
• McGregor F, Muntoni A, Fleming J, et al. Molecular Changes Associated with Oral Dysplasia Progression and Acquisition of Immortality: Potential for Its Reversal by 5-Azacytidine. Cancer Res . 2002;62(16): 4757–4766.
   Google Scholar
• Maruya S, Issa JP, Weber RS, et al. Differential methylation status of tumor-associated genes in head and neck squamous carcinoma: incidence and potential implications. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jun;10(11):3825–3830.
   Google Scholar
• Youssef EM, Lotan D, Issa JP, et al. Hypermethylation of the retinoic acid receptor-beta(2) gene in head and neck carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Mar;10(5):1733–1742.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Yang X, Wang J, et al. Down-regulation of PAX6 by promoter methylation is associated with poor prognosis in non small cell lung cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(9):11452–11457.
   Google Scholar