References
- Adler, P. A., & Adler, P. (1987). Membership roles in field research. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.
- Agnew, R. (2006). Pressured into crime. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company.
- Bachman, R., & Schutt, R. K. (2014). The practice of research in criminology and criminal justice. London: SAGE.
- Barlow, P. (2012). A practical review of the glasgow coma scale and score. The Surgeon, 10(2), 114–119.
- Bayley, D. H. (1990). Patterns of policing. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
- Bostrom, M. (2005). The Influence of Higher Education on Police Officer Work Habits. The Police Chief, 72, 10.
- Bottoms, A. E. (2006). Incivilities, offence and social order in residential communities. In A. von Hirsch & A. P. Simester (Eds.), Incivilities: Regulating offensive behaviour, 239–280. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
- Braga, A. A. (2016). The value of “pracademics” in enhancing crime analysis in police departments. Policing, 10(3), 308–314.
- Brown, J. (1996). Police research: Some critical issues. In F. Leishman, B. Loveday, & S. P. Savage (Eds.), Core issues in policing (pp. 177–190). London: Longman.
- Brown, J., Belur, J., Tompson, L., McDowall, A., Hunter, G., & May, T. (2018). Extending the remit of evidence-based policing. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 20(1), 38–51.
- Brown, M. K. (1981). Working the Street. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
- Brunger, M., Tong, S., & Martin, D. (eds.). (2016). Introduction to policing research. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Cain, M. E. (1973). Society and the policeman’s role. London: Routledge.
- Chan, J. B. L. (1996). Changing police culture. British Journal of Criminology, 36(1), 109–134.
- Christopher, S. (2015). The quantum leap: police recruit training and the case for mandating higher education pre-entry schemes. Policing, 9(4), 388–404.
- Cockcroft, T. (2013). Police cultures. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Corbin Dwyer, S., & Buckle, J. L. (2009). The space between. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8, 1.
- Costley, C., Elliott, G. C., & Gibbs, P. (2010). Doing work based research. London: SAGE Publications.
- Crank, J. P. (1998). Understanding police culture. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing Company.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
- Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research. London: SAGE.
- Decker, S. H., & van Winkle, B. (1996). Life in the gang. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Deutsch, M. (1973). The resolution of conflict. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Ellis, D., Choi, A., & Blaus, C. (1993). Injuries to police officers attending domestic disturbances: An empirical study. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 35(1), 149–168.
- Epp, C. R., Maynard-Moody, S. A., & Haider-Markel, D. P. A. (2014). Pulled over. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Hallenberg, K., ONeill, M., & Tong, S. (2016). Watching the detectives. In M. Brunger, S. Tong, & D. Martin (Eds.), Introduction to policing research. Researching investigative practice (pp. 101–117). Abingdon: Routledge.
- Hammersley, M. (1992). What’s wrong with ethnography?.London: Routledge.
- Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography. Abington: Routledge.
- Hendy, R. (2014). Routinely armed and unarmed police: What can the scandinavian experience teach us? Policing, 8(2), 183–192.
- Hendy, R. (2018). Procedural conflict and conflict resolution: a cross-national study of police officers from New Zealand and South Australia ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Holdaway, S. (1983). Inside the British police. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Holgersson, S. (2015). An Inside Job. In E. Cockbain & J. Knutsson (Eds.), Applied police research,106–116. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge.
- Huey, L., & Mitchell, R. J. (2016). Unearthing hidden keys: Why pracademics are an invaluable (If underutilized) resource in policing research. Policing, 10(3), 300–307.
- Knutsson, J. (2010). Nordic reflections on the dialogue of the deaf. Police Practice and Research, 11(2), 132–134.
- Knutsson, J., & Tompson, L. (2017). Advances in evidenced-based policing. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Lanza-Kaduce, L., & Greenleaf, R. G. (1994). Police-citizen encounters: Turk on norm resistance. Justice Quarterly, 11(4), 605–623.
- Loftus, B. (2009). Police culture in a changing world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Lum, C., & Koper, C. (2017). Evidence-based policing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Maguire, M. (2011). Criminal investigation and crime control. In T. Newburn (Ed.), Handbook of policing (2nd ed.), 430–464. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Manning, P. K. (2014). Ethnographies of policing. In R. J. Kane & M. D. Reisig (Eds.), The oxford handbook of police and policing, 518–547. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Marks, M. (2003). Policing ethnography. Society in Transition, 34(1), 38–69.
- Mastrofski, S. D., Parks, R. B., & McCluskey, J. D. (2013). Systematic social observation in criminology. In A. R. Piquero & D. Weisburd (Eds.), Handbook of quantitative criminology (pp. 225–247). New York, NY: Springer New York.
- Muir, W. K. (1977). Police: streetcorner politicians. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Niederhoffer, A. (1967). Behind the shield. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc.
- Norris, C. (1993). Some ethical considerations on field-work with the police. In D. Hobbs & T. May (Eds.), Interpreting the field, 122–144. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Paoline, E. A., & Terrill, W. (2013). Police culture. Durham: Carolina Academic Press.
- Paoline, E. A., Terrill, W., & Rossler, M. T. (2015). Higher education, college degree major, and police occupational attitudes. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 26(1), 49–73.
- Piza, E. L., & Feng, S. Q. (2017). The current and potential role of crime analysts in evaluations of police interventions. Police Quarterly, 72, 3.
- Punch, M. (1979). Policing the inner city: A study of Amsterdam’s Warmoesstraat. London: The Macmillan Press.
- Reed, J., & Procter, S. (1995). Practitioner research in context. In J. Reed & S. Procter (Eds.), Practitioner research in health care (pp. 3–31). London: Nelson Thornes.
- Reiner, R. (2010). The politics of the police (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Reiss, A. J. (1971). Systematic observation of natural social phenomena. Sociological methodology, 3, 3–33.
- Rojek, J., Smith, H. P., & Alpert, G. P. (2012). The prevalence and characteristics of police practitioner-researcher partnerships. Police Quarterly, 15(3), 241–261.
- Rowe, M. (2007). Tripping over molehills: Ethics and the ethnography of police work. International journal of social research methodology, 10(1), 37–48.
- Rowe, M. (2013). Introduction to policing. London: SAGE.
- Schollum, M. (2005). Investigative interviewing: The literature. Wellington: New Zealand Police.
- Schulenberg, J. L. (2012). Systematic social observation of police decision-making: the process, logistics, and challenges in a canadian context. Quality & Quantity, 48(1), 297–315.
- Schwandt, T. A. (1998). Constructivist, interpretivist approaches to human inquiry. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The landscape of qualitative research, 221–259. Sage Publications, Inc.
- Shearing, C. D., & Ericson, R. V. (1991). Culture as figurative action. The British journal of sociology, 42(4), 481.
- Sherman, L. W., & Murray, A. (2015). Evidence-based policing: from academics to professionals. International Criminal Justice Review, 25(1), 7–10.
- Skinns, L., Wooff, A., & Sprawson, A. (2016). The ethics of researching the police. In M. Brunger, S. Tong, & D. Martin (Eds.), Introduction to policing research. dilemmas and new directions (pp. 185–201). Abingdon: Routledge.
- Sollund, R. (2005). Obstacles and possibilities in police research. Outlines - Critical Practice Studies, 7(2), 43–64.
- Sykes, R.E., & Brent, E.E. (1980). The regulation of interaction by police. Criminology, 18(2), 182–197.
- Turk, A. T. (1969). Criminality and legal order. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company.
- van Hulst, M. (2013). Storytelling at the police station: The canteen culture revisited. British Journal of Criminology, 53(4), 624–642.
- Waddington, P. A. J. (1999). Police (canteen) sub-culture. An appreciation. British Journal of Criminology, 39(2), 287–309.
- Waddington, P. A. J., & Wright, M. (2011). Police use of force, firearms and riot-control. In T. Newburn (Ed.), Handbook of policing (2nd ed.), 465–496. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Waddington, P. A. J., Badger, D., & Bull, R. (2006). The violent workplace. Cullompton, Devon: Willan Publishing.
- Westmarland, L. (2001). Blowing the whistle on police violence. Gender, ethnography and ethics. British Journal of Criminology, 41(3), 523–535.
- Westmarland, L. (2016). Outsiders inside. In M. Brunger, S. Tong, & D. Martin (Eds.), Introduction to policing research. Ethnography and police culture (pp. 163–173). Abingdon: Routledge.
- Willis, J. J. (2016). The romance of police pracademics. Policing, 10(3), 315–321.
- Worden, R. E., & McLean, S. J. (2014). Systematic social observation of the police. In R. J. Kane & M. D. Reisig (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of police and policing (pp. 471–496). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Young, M. (1991). An inside job. Oxford: Oxford University Press.