The psychobiology of stress, depression, adjustment disorders and resilience

References

• APA. 1987. Diagnostic and statistical manual-III. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association Press.
   Google Scholar
• APA. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual-5. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, Yang H, Botchkina GI, Watkins LR, Wang H, Abumrad N, Eaton JW, Tracey KJ. 2000. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature. 405:458–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey PR. 2016. Borderline between normal and pathological responses. In Casey PR and Strain JJ, editors. Trauma and stressor-related disorders: a handbook for clinicians. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; p. 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Casey PR, Strain JJ. 2016. Trauma and stressor-related disorders: a handbook for clinicians. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; p. 224.
   Google Scholar
• Chrousos GP, Gold PW. 1992. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. JAMA. 267:1244–1252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danese A, McEwen B. 2012 . Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease. Physiol Behav. 106:29–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhabhar FS. 2009. Enhancing versus suppressive effects of stress on immune function: implications for immunoprotection and immunopathology. Neuroimmunomodulation. 16:300–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhabhar FS, Malarkey WB, Neri E, McEwen BS. 2012. Stress-induced redistribution of immune cells—from barracks to boulevards to battlefields: a tale of three hormones-Curt Richter award winner. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 37:1345–1368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dienstbier RA. 1989. Arousal and physiological toughness: implications for mental and physical health. Psychol Rev. 96:84–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman MJ, McEwen BS. 2004. Post-traumatic stress disorder, allostatic load, and medical illness. In Schnurr PP, Green BL, editors. Trauma and health: physical health consequences of exposure to extreme stress. Washington (DC): American Psychological Association; p. 157–188.
   Google Scholar
• Haglund ME, Nestadt PS, Cooper NS, Southwick SM, Charney DS. 2007. Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience: relevance to prevention and treatment of stress-related psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol. 19:889–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodes GE, Kana V, Menard C, Merad M, Russo SJ. 2015. Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression. Nature Neurosci. 18:1386–1393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [ICD-11] International Classification of Disease–11. 2018 (Proposed 2018). Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, Hughes M, Nelson CB. 1995 . Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 52:1048–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilpatrick DG, Koenen KC, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R, Galea S, Resnick HS, Roitzsch J, Boyle J, Gelernter J. 2007 . The serotonin transporter genotype and social support and moderation of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in hurricane-exposed adults. Am J Psychiatry. 164:1693–1699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maercker A. 2013. Personal communication.
   Google Scholar
• Maercker A, Einsle F, Kollner V. 2007. Adjustment disorders as a stress response syndrome: a new diagnostic conception and its exploration in a medical sample. Psychopathology. 40:135–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maercker A, Perkonigg A. 2016. ICD-10, ICD-11, and DSM-5: new developments and crosswalks. In: Casey PR, Strain JJ, editors. Trauma and stressor-related disorders: a handbook for clinicians. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; p. 189–208.
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy MM, Arnold AP. 2011. Reframing sexual differentiation of the brain. Nat Neurosci. 14:677–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen B, Rasgon N. 2018. Brain and body on stress: allostatic load and mechanisms for depression and dementia. In: Strain JJ, Blumenfield M, editors. Depression as a systemic illness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McEwen BS. 1998. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N Engl J Med. 338:171–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen BS. 2004. Protection and damage from acute and chronic stress: allostasis and allostatic overload and relevance to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1032:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen BS, Bowles NP, Gray JD, Hill MN, Hunter RG, Karatsoreos IN, Nasca C. 2015a. Mechanisms of stress in the brain. Nat Neurosci. 18:1353–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen BS, Gray JD, Nasca C. 2015b. 60 years of neuroendocrinology: redefining neuroendocrinology: stress, sex and cognitive and emotional regulation. J Endocrinol. 226:T67–T83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen BS, Stellar E. 1993. Stress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to disease. Arch Intern Med. 153:2093–2101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller GE, Chen E. 2010. Harsh family climate in early life presages the emergence of a proinflammatory phenotype in adolescence. Psychol Sci. 21:848–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plau ML, Menard C, Russo SJ. 2018. Inflammatory mediators in mood disorders: therapeutic opportunities. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 58:14.1–14.18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post RM. 2018. Depression as a recurrent, progressive illness: need for long term prevention. In: Strain JJ, Blumenfield M, editors. Depression as a systemic illness. New York: Oxford University.
   Google Scholar
• Selye H. 1956. The stress of life. New York: McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan RP, McCreath H, Tracey KJ, Sidney S, Liu K, Seeman T. 2007. RR interval variability is inversely related to inflammatory markers: the CARDIA study. Mol Med. 13:178–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southwick SM, Charney DS. 2012. Resilience: the science of mastering life’s greatest challenges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sterling P, Eyer J. 1988. Allostasis: a new paradigm to explain arousal pathology. In: Fisher S, Reason J, editors. Handbook of life stress, cognition and health. New York: John Wiley & Sons; p. 629–649.
   Google Scholar
• Strain JJ, Casey PR. 2016. Conceptual framework and controversies in adjustment disorders. In: Casey PR, Strain JJ, editors. Trauma and stressor-related disorders: a handbook for clinicians. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; p. 37–58.
   Google Scholar
• Strain JJ, Friedman M. 2011. Considering adjustment disorders as stress response syndromes for DSM-5. Depress Anxiety. 28:818–823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomasdottir MO, Sigurdsson JA, Petursson H, Kirkengen AL, Krokstad S, McEwen B, Hetlevik I, Getz L. 2015 . Self reported childhood difficulties, adult multimorbidity and allostatic load. a cross-sectional analysis of the Norwegian HUNT study. PloS One. 10:e0130591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrer P. 2016. Limits to the phenomenological approach to the diagnosis of adjustment disorder. In: Casey PR, Strain JJ, editors. Trauma and stressor-related disorders: a handbook for clinicians. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; p. 23–36.
   Google Scholar