References
- Akiije I. 2014. Strength and permeability characteristics of selected laterite stabilized using powermax cement. Int J Sci Eng Res. 5:695–702.
- Al Dwairi R, A, Al Saqarat B, Shaqour F, Sarireh M. 2018. Characterization of Jordanian volcanic tuff and its potential use as lightweight aggregate. Jordan J Earth Environ Sci. 9(2):127–133.
- Alemayehu A, Efram T, Getu S, Kassa D. 2002. Stabilization of cinder gravels with volcanic ash and cement [BSc thesis]. Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University Faculty of Technology.
- ASTM C131/C131M-20. 2020. Standard test method for resistance to degradation of small-size coarse aggregate by abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles Machine. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. [accessed 2020 Nov 28]. www.astm.org.
- ASTM C136/C136M-19. 2019. Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. [accessed 2020 Nov 28]. https://www.astm.org/Standards/C136.htm.
- ASTM D2434-68. 2006. Standard test method for permeability of granular soils (Constant Head) (Withdrawn 2015). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. [accessed 2020 Nov 28]. https://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/HISTORICAL/D2434-68R06.htm.
- ASTM D4318-17e1. 2017. Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. [accessed 2020 Nov 28]. https://www.astm.org/Standards/D4318.
- ASTM D4429-09a. 2009. Standard test method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of soils in place (Withdrawn 2018). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. [accessed 2020 Nov 28]. https://www.astm.org/Standards/D4429.htm.
- ASTM D698-12e2. 2012. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. [accessed 2020 Nov 28]. https://www.astm.org/Standards/D698.
- Berhanu G. 2009. Stabilizing cinder gravels for heavily trafficked base course. J EEA. 26:23–29.
- Chen Z, Yu l, Cao C, Ren j. 2013. Application of volcanic ash material in pavement base. Proceedings of the International Journal of Pavements Conference, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Civil Work. 2014. Civil Work, 3110. R19. Division 4. Sub grade, sub base and base courses construction, description, general, definitions. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Winnipeg Public Library. [accessed 2020 Nov 30]. https://www.winnipeg.ca/finance/findata/matmgt/std_const_spec/current/Docs/CW3110.pdf.
- Construction Specifications. 2019. Colorado Department of Transportation, State Department of Highways, Division of Highways, State of Colorado, Denver. [accessed 2020 Nov 30]. Procurement-notices.undp.org/view_file.cfm? doc_id = 112133.
- Das BM. 2006. Principles of geotechnical engineering. 4th ed. Boston: PWS Publishing Company; p. 712.
- Gourley CS, Greening PAK. 1999. Performance of low volume sealed roads: results and recommendations from studies in Southern Africa. Vol. 1, PR/OSC/167/99; Berkshire, UK: TRL. [accessed 2020 Nov 28]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343310284_The_Impact_of_Drainage_on_the_Performance_of_Low_Volume_Sealed.
- Hadera Z. 2015. The potential use of cinder gravel as a base course material when stabilised by volcanic ash and lime. MSc thesis submitted to the University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Engineering geology of cinder gravel in Ethiopia: prospecting, testing and application to low volume roads. [accessed 2020 Nov 29]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326419054_Engineering_geology_of_cinder_gravel_in_Ethiopia_prospecting_testing_and_application_to_low-volume_roads.
- Head KH. 1992. Manual of soil laboratory testing, soil specification and compaction tests. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. London: Pentech Press.
- Hearn GJ, Greening PAK, Otto A. 2016. Investigation of the use of cinder gravels in pavement layers for low volume roads. UK Aid for Africa community access partnership, AFCAP project reference number ETH2058A. Thane, England: ReCAP Project Management Unit, Cardno Emerging Market (UK) Ltd. [accessed 2020 Nov 29]. http://www.research4cap.org/Library/Hearnetal_TRL_2016_InvestigationUseCinderGravelsinPavementLayersLVR_InceptionReport_AfCAP_ETH2058A_v160426_compressed.pdf.
- Hossain M, Salam B, Tariq M. 2019. Changes in soil physico-chemical properties and fertility status of long-term cultivated soils in Southwestern Bangladesh. Malays J Soil Sci. 23:31–41.
- Mahmoud H, Belal ZA, Abba HA. 2012. Rood pavement failure induced by poor soil properties along Gombi-Biu Highway, Nigeria. Am J Eng Appl Sci. 4:22–27.
- National Asphalt Pavement Association [NAPA]. 2015. HMA pavement mix type selection guide, Information series 128, in flexible pavement bases. Lanham, MD: National Asphalt Pavement Association. [accessed 2020 Nov 30]. http://training.ce.washington.edu/.
- Newill D, Aklilu K. 1980. The location and engineering properties of volcanic cinder gravels in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the 7th Regional Conference for Africa on Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering, Accra, June. [accessed 2020 Nov 29]. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/52c1/23815de7e70effbfc30caaffe43d65806fcd.pdf.
- Ogban PI, Abang PO, Achi EA, Nweke C. 2019. Soil management systems based on soil quality at three different toposequences in Cross River State, South-Eastern Nigeria. Malays J Soil Sci. 23:69–86.
- Ramezani N, Landi A, Barzegar AR, Sayyad GA. 2019. Evaluation and comparison of physical and hydraulic properties in different soil structures. Malays J Soil Sci. 23:43–54.
- Reddy KR. 2002. Engineering properties of soils based on laboratory testing. Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago. [accessed 2020 Nov 29]. http://faculty.uml.edu/ehajduk/teaching/14.333/documents/uicsoilslab-reddy20.02.pdf
- Ramezani N, Sayyad GA, Bahman BA. 2017. Tractor wheel compaction effect on soil water infiltration, hydraulic conductivity and bulk density. Malays J Soil Sci. 21:47–61.
- Saroni MK. 2014. Improvement of red volcanic soil using volcanic tuffs from Ngurunga. Bachelor project. University of Nairobi, College of Architecture and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, University Way, Nairobi, Kenya. [accessed 2020 Nov 30]. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Improvement-of-Red-Volcanic-Soil-Using-Volcanic-Saroni/8660bf03bb8c436b32fdcc7a03e25b9a24eaeb1c.
- Siraw Z, Bewket W, Adnew Degefu M. 2018. Effects of community-based watershed development on soil properties in the Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia. Malays J Soil Sci. 22:1–33.
- [SUDS] Iowa Statewide Urban Design and Specifications. 2014. Division-Earthwork, Part3-Execution. Ames, IA: Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Institute for Transportation. [accessed Nov 29 2020]. https://intrans.iastate.edu/app/uploads/sites/15/2018/09/Division_02-2014.pdf.
- Swamy KA, Das A. 2012. Possible use of some waste materials in road construction. The Masterbuilder, Vol. 3 No. 42. October 31, 2012; p. 44–48. [accessed 2020 Nov 30]. www.masterbuilder.co.in.
- Taha S, Gabr A, El-Badawy S, Azam AM. 2015. Modeling of California bearing ratio using basic engineering properties. Proceedings of the 8th International Engineering Conference, Sharm Al-Shiekh, Egypt, Nov 17–22. [accessed 2020 Nov 30]. file:///C:/Users/MCC/Downloads/ModelingofCaliforniaBearingRatioUsingBasicEngineeringProperties_7-10-15.pdf. and https://mymans.mans.edu.eg/cv/b8c3d32c-f2db-4449-8433-da979e925c7e/2.
- Teshom T. 2015. The use of natural pozzolana (volcanic ash) to stabilize cinder gravel for road base (along Modjo-Ziway Route) [MSc thesis]. Ethiopia: Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. [accessed 2020 Nov 30]. http://etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/4158/Thomas%20Teshome.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.