Tick infestations in the Namaqualand speckled padloper, Homopus signatus signatus (Gmelin, 1789)

References

• BARNARD, S.M. & DURDEN, L.A. 2000. A Veterinary Guide to the Parasites of Reptiles. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida.
   Google Scholar
• BEGON, M., HARPER, J.L. & TOWNSEND, C.R. 1990. Parasitism and disease. In: Ecology, (eds) M. Begon, J.L. Harper & C.R. Townsend, 2nd edn, Ch. 12. Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Boston.
   Google Scholar
• BOYCOTT, R. & BOURQUIN, O. 2000. The Southern African Tortoise Book: A Guide to Southern African Tortoises, Terrapins and Turtles. Privately printed, Hilton.
   Google Scholar
• BRITES, VL.D. & RANTIN, F.T. 2004. The influence of agricultural and urban contamination on leech infestation of freshwater turtles, Phrynops geoffroanus, taken from two areas of the Uberabinha River. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 96: 273–281.
   Google Scholar
• BROWN, M.B., BERRY, K.H., SCHUMACHER, I.M., NAGY, K.A., CHRISTOPHER, M.M. & KLEIN, P.A. 1999. Seroepidemiology of upper respiratory tract disease in the desert tortoise in the western Mojave Desert of California. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35: 716–727.
   Google Scholar
• BROWN, M.B., SCHUMACHER, I.M., KLEIN, P.A., HARRIS, K., CORRELL, T. & JACOBSON, E.R. 1994. Mycoplasma agassizii causes upper respiratory-tract disease in the desert tortoise. Infection and Immunity 62: 4580–4586.
   Google Scholar
• BURRIDGE, M.J., SIMMONS, L.A., SIMBI, B.H., PETER, T.F. & MAHAN, S.M. 2000a. Evidence of Cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater) in Amblyomma sparsum ticks found on tortoises imported into Florida. Journal of Parasitology 86: 1135–1136.
   Google Scholar
• BURRIDGE, M.J., SIMMONS, L.A. & ALLAN, S.A. 2000b. Introduction of potential heartwater vectors and other exotic ticks into Florida on imported reptiles. Journal of Parasitology 86: 700–704.
   Google Scholar
• BURRIDGE, M.L. & SIMMONS, L.A. 2003. Exotic ticks introduced into the United States on imported reptiles from 1962 to 2001 and their potential roles in international dissemination of diseases. Veterinary Parasitology 113: 289–320.
   Google Scholar
• CAGLE, F.R. 1939. A system of marking turtles for future identification. Copeia 1939: 170–173.
   Google Scholar
• CUMMING, G.S. 1998. Host preference in African ticks (Acari: Ixodida): a quantitative data set. Bulletin of Entomological Research 88: 379–407.
   Google Scholar
• DURDEN, L.A., KEIRANS, J.E. & SMITH, L.L. 2002. Amblyomma geochelone, a new species of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) from the Madagascan ploughshare tortoise. Journal of Medical Entomology 39: 398–403.
   Google Scholar
• ERNST, C.H. & ERNST, E.M. 1977. Ectoparasites associated with Neotropical turtles of the genus Callopsis (Testudines, Emydidae, Bataguridae). Biotropica 9: 139–142.
   Google Scholar
• FIELDEN, L.J. & RECHAV, Y. 1994. Attachment sites of the tick Amblyomma marmoreum on its tortoise host, Geochelone pardalis. Experimental and Applied Acarology 18: 339–349.
   Google Scholar
• GUNER, E.S., WATANABE, M., HASHIMOTO, N., KADOSAKA, T., KAWAMURA, Y., EZAKI, T., KAWABATA, H., IMAI, Y., KANEDA, K. & MASUZAWA, T. 2004. Borrelia turcica sp nov., isolated from the hard tick Hyalomma aegyptium in Turkey. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 1649–1652.
   Google Scholar
• HOFMEYR, M.D., HENEN, B.T. & LOEHR, V.J.T. 2005. Overcoming environmental and morphological constraints: egg size and pelvic kinesis in the smallest tortoise, Homopus signatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83: 1343–1352.
   Google Scholar
• HORAK, I.G., BRAACK, L.E.O., FOURIE, L.J. & WALKER, J.B. 2000. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXXVIII. Ixodid ticks collected from 23 wild carnivore species. Onderste-poort Journal of Veterinary Research 67: 239–250.
   Google Scholar
• HORAK, I.G. & FOURIE, L.J. 1992. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXXI. Adult ixodid ticks on sheep in the Cape Province and in the Orange Free State. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 59: 275–283.
   Google Scholar
• KAHN, C. M. AND LINE, S. (eds) 2005. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 9th edn. Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.
   Google Scholar
• LABRUNA, M.B., CAMARGO, L.M.A., TERRASSINI, F.A., SCHUMAKER, T.T.S. & CAMARGO, E.P. 2002. Notes on parasitism by Amblyomma humerale (Acari: Ixodidae) in the state of Rondonia, Western Amazon, Brazil. Journal of Medical Entomology 39: 814–817.
   Google Scholar
• LEDERLE, P.E., RAUTENSTRAUCH, K.R., RAKE-STRAW, D.L., ZANDER, K.K. & BOONE, J.L. 1997. Upper respiratory tract disease and mycoplasmosis in desert tortoises from Nevada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33: 759–765.
   Google Scholar
• LOEHR, V.J.T. 2002. Population characteristics and activity patterns of the Namaqualand speckled padloper (Homopus signatus signatus) in the early spring. Journal of Herpetology 36: 378–389.
   Google Scholar
• LOEHR, V.J.T. 2004. Growth of the Namaqualand speckled padloper, Homopus signatus signatus (Reptilia: Testudinidae). African Zoology 39: 309–313.
   Google Scholar
• LOEHR, V.J.T., HENEN, B.T. & HOFMEYR, M.D. 2004. Reproduction of the smallest tortoise, the Namaqua-land speckled padloper, Homopus signatus signatus. Herpetologica 60: 444–454.
   Google Scholar
• McARTHUR, S. 1996. Veterinary Management of Tortoises and Turtles. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• PETNEY, T.N. & AL-YAMAN, F. 1985. Attachment sites of the tortoise tick Hyalomma aegyptium in relation to tick density and physical condition of the host. Journal of Parasitology 71: 287–289.
   Google Scholar
• RECHAV, Y. & FIELDEN, L.J. 1995. Seasonal abundance of the tortoise tick Amblyomma marmoreum (Acari, Ixodidae) on the leopard tortoise, Geochelone paradalis. Journal of Medical Entomology 32: 161–165.
   Google Scholar
• ROBBINS, R.G., KARESH, W.B., CALLE, P.P., LEONTYEVA, O.A., PERESHKOLNIK, S.L. & ROSENBERG, S. 1998. First records of Hyalomma aegyptium (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae) from the Russian spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca nikolskii, with an analysis of tick population dynamics. Journal of Parasitology 84: 1303–1305.
   Google Scholar
• ROBBINS, R.G. & OKATT, S.G. 2000. First report of Amblyomma clypeolatum Neumann (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) from the Union of Myanmar, with two new records from tortoises. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102: 225–226.
   Google Scholar
• ROBBINS, R.G. & PLATT, S.G. 2001. First report of Amblyomma supinoi Neumann (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodi-dae) from the Arakan forest turtle, Geoemyda depressa Anderson (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae), with additional records of this tick from the union of Myanmar. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 103: 1023–1024.
   Google Scholar
• ROBBINS, R.G., PLATT, S.G., RAINWATER, T.R. & WEISMAN, W. 2001. Statistical measures of association between Amblyomma sabanerae Stoll (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) and the furrowed wood turtle, Rhinoclemmys areolata (Duméril and Bibron) (Testu-dines: Emydidae), in northern Belize. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 103: 54–59.
   Google Scholar
• SCHRADIN, C. In press. Nest site competition in diurnal rodents from the succulent karoo of South Africa: the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) against the bush karoo rat (Otomys unisulcatus). Journal of Mammalogy 86.
   Google Scholar
• THEILER, G. 1962. The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Project S 9958. Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• WALKER, J.B., KEIRANS, J.E. & HORAK, I.G. 2000. The Genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixodidae): A Guide to the Brown Ticks of the World. Cambridge Academic Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• WALTON, G. 1962. The Ornithodoros moubata super-species problem in relation to human relapsing fever epidemiology. In: Aspects of Disease Transmission by Ticks, (ed.) D.R. Arthur, pp. 83–129. Zoological Society of London, London.
   Google Scholar
• ZAR, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. 4th edn. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
   Google Scholar
• ZERBE, G.O., ARCHER, P.G., BANCHERO, N. & LECHNER, A.J. 1982. On comparing regression lines with unequal slopes. American Journal of Physiology, Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 242: 178–180.
   Google Scholar