Digestive parameters and energy assimilation of Cape porcupine on economically important crops

References

• Alkon PU. 1984. Chemical immobilization of Indian crested porcupines (Hystrix indica). Mammalia 48: 150–152.
   Google Scholar
• Alkon PU, Degen AA, Cohen A, Pollak H. 1986. Seasonal energy requirements and water intakes of Indian crested porcupines (Hystrix indica) in captivity. Journal of Mammalogy 67: 333–342. doi: 10.2307/1380887
   Google Scholar
• Alkon PU, Saltz D. 1985. Potatoes and the nutritional ecology of crested porcupines in a desert biome. Journal of Applied Ecology 22: 727–737. doi: 10.2307/2403225
   Google Scholar
• Armar-Klemesu M. 2000. Urban agriculture and food security, nutrition and health. In: Bakker N, Dubbeling M, Gündel S, Sabel-Koschella U, de Zeeuw H (eds), Growing cities, growing food: urban agriculture on the policy agenda. Feldafing: Deutsche Stiftung für internationale Entwicklung. pp 99–118.
   Google Scholar
• Barthelmess EL. 2006. Hystrix africaeaustralis. Mammalian Species 788: 1–7. doi: 10.1644/788.1
   Google Scholar
• Bragg CJ, Donaldson JS, Ryan PG. 2005. Density of Cape porcupines in a semi-arid environment and their impact on soil turnover and related ecosystem processes. Journal of Arid Environments 61: 261–275. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.007
   Google Scholar
• de Villiers MS, van Aarde RJ. 1994. Aspects of habitat disturbance by Cape porcupines in a savanna ecosystem. South African Journal of Zoology 29: 217–219. doi: 10.1080/02541858.1994.11448351
   Google Scholar
• Demment MW, van Soest PJ. 1985. A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. American Naturalist 125: 641–672. doi: 10.1086/284369
   Google Scholar
• Ellis JE, Galvin KA. 1994. Climate patterns and land-use practices in the dry zones of Africa. BioScience 44: 340–349. doi: 10.2307/1312384
   Google Scholar
• Gabriel IN. 1928. Notes on the habits and behaviour of the porcupine in Oregon. Journal of Mammalogy 9: 33–38. doi: 10.2307/1373353
   Google Scholar
• Godfray HCJ, Beddington JR, Crute IR, Haddad L, Lawrence D, Muir JF, Pretty J, Robinson S, Thomas SM, Toulmin C. 2010. Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science 327: 812–818. doi: 10.1126/science.1185383
   Google Scholar
• Grubb P. 2008. Hystrix africaeaustralis. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Version 2013.2. Available at http://www.iucnredlist.org [accessed June 2014].
   Google Scholar
• Gutterman Y. 1982. Observations on the feeding habits of the Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) and the distribution of some hemicryptophytes and geophytes in the Negev desert highlands. Journal of Arid Environments 5: 261–268.
   Google Scholar
• Haim A, van Aarde RJ, Skinner JD. 1990a. Metabolism and thermo- regulation in the Cape porcupine, Hystrix africaeaustralis. Physio- logical Zoology 63: 795–802.
   Google Scholar
• Haim A, van Aarde RJ, Skinner JD. 1990b. Metabolic rates, food consumption and thermoregulation in seasonal acclimatization of the Cape porcupine, Hystrix africaeaustralis. Oecologia 83: 197–200. doi: 10.1007/BF00317752
   Google Scholar
• Haim A, van Aarde RJ, Skinner JD. 1992. Urinary characteristics of the Cape porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis: effects of photoperiod and temperature. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 3: 165–175. doi: 10.1515/JBCPP.1992.3.2.165
   Google Scholar
• Illius AW, Gordon IJ. 1992. Modelling the nutritional ecology of ungulate herbivores: evolution of body size and competitive interactions. Oecologia 89: 428–434. doi: 10.1007/BF00317422
   Google Scholar
• Khan AA, Ahmad S, Hussain I, Munir S. 2000. Deterioration impact of Indian crested porcupine, Hystrix indica, on forestry and agricultural systems in Pakistan. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 45: 143–149. doi: 10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00046-9
   Google Scholar
• Kinlaw A. 1999. A review of burrowing by semi-fossorial vertebrates in arid environments. Journal of Arid Environments 41: 127–145. doi: 10.1006/jare.1998.0476
   Google Scholar
• Knight-Eloff AK, Knight MH. 1988. Volatile fatty acid production in the Cape porcupine. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 18: 157–159.
   Google Scholar
• Lovegrove BG, Jarvis JUM. 1986. Coevolution between mole-rats (Bathyergidae) and a geophyte, Micranthus (Iridaceae). Cimbebasia 8: 79–85.
   Google Scholar
• McMaster MK, Downs CT. 2008. Digestive parameters and water turnover of the leopard tortoise. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 151: 114–125. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.06.007
   Google Scholar
• Mulwa RK, Böhning-Gaese K, Schleuning M. 2012. High bird species diversity in structurally heterogeneous farmland in Western Kenya. Biotropica 44: 801–809. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00877.x
   Google Scholar
• Mushtaq M, Mian A, Hussain I, Munir S, Khan AA. 2010. Evaluation of fresh food baits for the management of Indian crested porcupine, Hystrix indica Kerr (Rodentia: Hystricidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 42: 507–513.
   Google Scholar
• Rothwell NJ, Stock MJ. 1979. A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis. Nature 281: 31–35. doi: 10.1038/281031a0
   Google Scholar
• Skinner JD, Chimimba CT. 2005. The mammals of the southern African subregion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Skinner JD, Smithers RHN. 1990. The mammals of the southern African subregion (2nd edn). Pretoria: University of Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Skinner JD, van Aarde RJ, van Jaarsveld AS. 1984. Adaptations in three species of large mammals (Antidorcas marsupialis, Hystrix africaeaustralis, Hyaena brunnea) to arid environments. South African Journal of Zoology 19: 82–86. doi: 10.1080/02541858.1984.11447862
   Google Scholar
• Snyder MA, Linhart YB. 1997. Porcupine feeding patterns: selectivity by a generalist herbivore? Canadian Journal of Zoology 75: 2107–2111. doi: 10.1139/z97-845
   Google Scholar
• Tenneson C, Oring LW. 1985. Winter food preferences of porcupines. Journal of Wildlife Management 49: 28–33. doi: 10.2307/3801835
   Google Scholar
• Tylianakis JM, Didham RK, Bascompte J, Wardle DA. 2008. Global change and species interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecology Letters 11: 1351–1363. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01250.x
   Google Scholar
• USDA (United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service). 2013. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 26. Available at http://www.ars. usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl [accessed September 2013].
   Google Scholar
• van Aarde RJ. 1987. Demography of a Cape porcupine, Hystrix africaeaustralis, population. Journal of Zoology (London) 213: 205–212. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb03694.x
   Google Scholar
• van Jaarsveld AS. 1983. Aspects of the digestion in the Cape porcupine. South African Journal of Animal Science 13: 31–33.
   Google Scholar
• van Jaarsveld AS, Knight-Eloff AK. 1984. Digestion in the porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis. South African Journal of Zoology 19: 109–112. doi: 10.1080/02541858.1984.11447867
   Google Scholar
• Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM. 1997. Human domination of Earth's ecosystem. Science 277: 494–499. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5325.494
   Google Scholar
• Wiebe K. 2003. Linking land quality, agricultural productivity, and food security. USDA-ERS Agricultural Economic Report no. 823. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
   Google Scholar
• Witmer MC. 1998. Do seeds hinder digestive processing of fruit pulp? Implications for plant/frugivore mutualisms. Auk 115: 319–326. doi: 10.2307/4089190
   Google Scholar