Diversity pattern of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in a modified tropical environment in the western region of Cameroon

References

• African Chiroptera Report. 2018. African Bats. Pretoria: NPC.
   Google Scholar
• Aldridge H, Rautenbach I. 1987. Morphology, echolocation, and resource partitioning in insectivorous bats. The Journal of Animal Ecology 56: 763–778. https://doi.org/10.2307/4947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arielle S. 2016. Réponses des chiroptères aux environnements: diversité virale et potentiel d’adaptation/Response of bats to environments: viral diversity and adaptation potential. PhD Thesis. University of French Guiana, France.
   Google Scholar
• Atagana PJ, Bakwo Fils EM, Mbeng DW, Tsague KJA, Kekeunou S. 2018. The bat fauna of the Mpem and Djim National Park, Cameroon (Mammalia Chiroptera). Biodiversity Journal 9: 241–254. https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2018.9.3.241.254.
   Google Scholar
• Aziz SA, Olival KJ, Bumrungsri S, Richards GC, Racey PA. 2016. The conflict between pteropodid bats and fruit growers: species, legislation, and mitigation. In: Voight CC, Kingston T (Eds), Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World. SpringerOpen. pp 377–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_13.
   Google Scholar
• Bakwo Fils EM. 2009. Inventaire des chauves-souris de la Réserve de Biosphère du Dja, Cameroun. Le Vespère 2: 11–20.
   Google Scholar
• Bakwo Fils EM, Bol A Anong D, Badoana TD, Guieké B, Tsala DE, Kuate FA. 2014. Diversity of bats of the Far North Region of Cameroon with two first records for the country. Biodiversity 15: 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2014.889578.
   Google Scholar
• Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S. 2015. Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software 67: 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobrowiec PED, Gribel R. 2010. Effects of different secondary vegetation types on bat community composition in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Animal Conservation 13: 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00322.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockerhoff EG, Jactel H, Parrotta JA, Quine CP, Sayer J. 2008. Plantation forests and biodiversity: oxymoron or opportunity? Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 925–951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9380-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgin CJ, Colella JP, Kahn PL. 2018. How many species of mammals are there? Journal of Mammalogy 99: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyx147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cisneros LM, Fagan ME, Willig MR. 2015. Effects of human-modified landscapes on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic dimensions of bat biodiversity. Diversity and Distributions 21: 523–533. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charbonnier Y, Gaüzère P, van Halder I, Nezan J, Barnagaud JY, Jactel H, Barbaro L. 2016. Deciduous trees increase bat diversity at stand and landscape scales in mosaic pine plantations. Landscape Ecology 31: 291–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0242-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiarello AG. 1999. Effects of fragmentation of the Atlantic forest on mammal communities in south-eastern Brazil. Biological Conservation 89: 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00130-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colwell RK. 2009. Estimates: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/EstimateS. [Accessed 16 July 2012].
   Google Scholar
• Cooper-Bohannon R, Rebelo H, Jones G, Monadjem A, Cotterill F, Schoeman MC, Taylor P, Park K. 2016. Predicting bat distributions and diversity hotspots in southern Africa. Hystrix, Italian Journal of Mammalogy 27: 1. https://doi.org/10.4404/hystrix-27.1-11722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa LM, Lourenço EC, Luz JL, Carvalho APF, Esberard CEL. 2012. The activity of two species of free-tailed bats over a stream in southeastern Brazil. Acta Chiropterologica 13: 405–409. https://doi.org/10.3161/150811011X624884.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Elizalde R, Berriozabal-Islas C, Hernandez-Salinas U, Martínez-Morales MA, Ramírez-Bautista A. 2016. Amphibian species richness and diversity in a modified tropical environment of central Mexico. Tropical Ecology 57: 407–417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Oliveira HFM, de Camargo NF, Gager Y, Aguiar LMS. 2017. The Response of Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) to Habitat Modification in a Neotropical Savannah. Tropical Conservation Science 10: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082917697263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estrada A, Coates-Estrada R. 2002. Bats in continuous forest, forest fragments, and in an agricultural mosaic habitat-island at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Biological Conservation 103: 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00135-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. 1997. State of the world’s forests. Rome: Forestry Department, Food and Agricultural Organization.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. 2010. Evaluation des Ressources Forestières Mondiales 2010. Rome: FAO.
   Google Scholar
• Fenton MB, Acharya L, Audet D, Hickey MBC, Merriman C, Obrist MK, Syme DM. 1992. Phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) as indicators of habitat disruption in the neotropics. Biotropica 24: 440–446. https://doi.org/10.2307/2388615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frick WF, Kingston T, Flanders J. 2020. A review of the major threats and challenges to global bat conservation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1469: 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frick WF, Price RD, Heady PA, Kay KM. 2013. Insectivorous bat pollinates columnar cactus more effectively per visit than specialized nectar Bat. American Naturalist 181: 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1086/668595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frontier S.1976. Utilisation des diagrammes rang-fréquence dans l’analyse des écosystèmes. Journal de Recherche Océanographique 1: 35–48.
   Google Scholar
• Frontier S. 1985. Diversity and structure in aquatic ecosystems. Marine Biology: An Annual Review 23: 253–312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson L, Lynam AJ, Bradshaw CJA, He F, Brickford DP, Woodruff DS, Bumrungsri S, Laurance WF. 2013. Near-complete extinction of native small mammal fauna 25 years after forest fragmentation. Science 341: 1508–1510. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1240495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimaret-Carpentier C, Pélissier R, Pascal J.P, Houllier F. 1998. Sampling strategies for the assessment of tree species diversity. International Journal of Vegetable Science 9: 161–172. https://doi.org/10.2307/3237115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman SM, Rakotondravony D. 2000. The effects of forest fragmentation and isolation on insectivorous small mammals (Lipotyphla) on the Central High Plateau of Madagascar. Journal of Zoology 250: 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01069.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grubb PTSJ, Davies AG, Edberg E, Starin E, Hill J. 1998. Mammals of Cameroon, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia. Zennor & St. Ives: The Trendrine Press. 265 p.
   Google Scholar
• Hagen EM, Sabo J.L. 2011. A landscape perspective on bat foraging ecology along rivers: does channel confinement and insect availability influence the response of bats to aquatic resources in riverine landscapes? Oecologia 166: 751–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-1913-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen MC, Stehman SV, Potapov PV, Loveland TR, Townshend JRG, DeFries RS, Pittman KW, Arunarwati B, Stolle F, Steininger MK, et al. 2008. Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 was quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: 9439–9444. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804042105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happold M, Happold DCD. 2013. Mammals of Africa Volume IV: Hedgehogs, shrews, and bats. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey CA, Gonzalez Villalobos JA. 2007. Agroforestry systems conserve species-rich but modified assemblages of tropical birds and bats. Biodiversity & Conservation 16: 2257–2292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9194-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayman RW, Hill JE. 1971. Part 2, Order Chiroptera. In: Meester J, Setzer HW (Eds), The mammals of Africa: an identification manual. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp 1–73.
   Google Scholar
• Helbig-Bonitz M, Rutten G, Kalko EK. 2013. Fruit bats can disperse figs over different land use types on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology 52: 122–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooper DU, Adair EC, Cardinale BJ. Byrnes JEK, Hungate BA, Matulich KL. 2012. A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change. Nature 486: 105–108. http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature11118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs D, Barclay R. 2009. Niche differentiation in two sympatric sibling bat species, Scotophilus dinganii, and Scotophilus mhlanganii. Journal of Mammalogy 90: 879–887. https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-235.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacques-Felix. 1950. Géographie des dénudations et dégradation des sols au Cameroun. Ministère Français d’outre-mer. In Bulletin scientifique Vol. III, no. 127.
   Google Scholar
• Jones G, Jacobs DS, Kunz TH, Willig MR, Racey PA. 2009. Carpe noctem: The importance of bats as bioindicators. Endangered Species Research 8: 93–115.
   Google Scholar
• Jones KE, Barlow KE, Vaughan A, Rodriguez-Duran A, Gannon MR. 2001. Short-term impacts of extreme environmental disturbance on the bats of Puerto Rico. Animal Conservation 4: 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943001001068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung K, Kaiser S, Böhm S, Nieschulze J, Kalko EKV. 2012. Moving in three dimensions: effects of structural complexity on occurrence and activity of insectivorous bats in managed forest stands. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 523–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02116.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalcounis-Ruppell MC, Psyllakis JM, Brigham RM. 2005. Tree roost selection by bats: an empirical synthesis using meta-analysis. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33: 1123–1132. https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1123:TRSBBA]2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kangoyé NM, Oueda A, Thiombiano A, Guenda. 2015. Diversité et structure du peuplement des chauves-souris au Burkina Faso. Vespère 5: 357–369.
   Google Scholar
• Kaňuch P, Danko Š. Celuch M, Krištín A, Pjenčák P, Matis Š, Šmídt J. 2008. Relating bat species presence to habitat features in natural forests of Slovakia (Central Europe). Mammalian Biology 73: 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2006.12.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaňuch P, Krištín A. 2006. Altitudinal distribution of bats in the Polana Mts area (Central Slovakia). Biologia 61: 605–610. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-006-0097-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keesing F, Beiden LK, Daszak P, Dobson A, Harvell CD, Holt RD, Hudson P, Jolle A, Jones KE, Mitchell CE, Myers SS, Bogich T, Ostfeld RS. 2010. Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. Nature 468: 647–52. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kock D, Barnett L, Fahr J, Emms C. 2002. On a collection of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Gambia. Acta Chiropterologica 4: 77–97. https://doi.org/10.3161/001.004.0108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunz TH, De Torrez EB, Bauer D, Lobova T, Fleming TH. 2011. Ecosystem services provided by bats. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1223: 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06004.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunz TH, Fenton MB. 2005. Bat ecology. Volume III. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kunz TH, Lumsden LF. 2003. Ecology of cavity and foliage roosting bats. In: Kunz TH, Fenton MB (Eds), Bat Ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp 3–90.
   Google Scholar
• Lacki MJ, Baker MD. 2003. A prospective power analysis and review of habitat characteristics used in studies of tree-roosting bats. Acta Chiropterologica 5: 199–208. https://doi.org/10.3161/001.005.0211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacki MJ, Hayes JP, Kurta A. 2007. Bats in Forests: Conservation and Management. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Laurance WF. 2007. Have we overstated the tropical biodiversity crisis? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22: 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.09.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurance WF, Nascimento HEM, Laurance SG, Andrade A, Ewers RM, Harms KE, Luizao RCC, Ribeiro JE. 2007. Habitat fragmentation, variable edge effects, and the landscape divergence hypothesis. PLoS ONE 2: e1017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law BS, Anderson J, Chidel M. 1999. Bat communities in a fragmented forest landscape on the south-west slopes of New South Wales, Australia. Biological Conservation 88: 333–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmkuhl NC, Dabelsteen T, Bohmann K, Monadjem A. 2012. Molossid bats in an African agro-ecosystem select sugarcane fields as foraging habitat. African Zoology 47: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2012.11407517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letouzey R. 1968. Etude phytogéographique du Cameroun. Paris: Lechevalier.
   Google Scholar
• Lourenço EC, Costa Gomes LA, da Costa Pinheirol, Patriciol PMP, Famadas KM. 2014. Composition of bat assemblages (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in tropical riparian forests. Zoologia 31: 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000400007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lourenço EC, Costa LM, Luz JL, Dias RM, Esbérard CEL. 2010. Morcegos em manguezal análise de uma assembléia e compilação de dados disponíveis no Brasil. In: Pessoa LM, Travares WC, Siciliano S (Eds), Mamifero de restingas e manguezais de Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia. pp 173–187.
   Google Scholar
• Magurran AE. 1988. Ecological Diversity and its Measurements. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7358-0.
   Google Scholar
• Mahmoud MI, Campbell MJ, Sloan S, Alamgir M, Laurance WF. 2020. Land-cover change threatens tropical forests and biodiversity in the Littoral Region, Cameroon. Oryx 54: 882–891. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318000881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfothang DE, Bakwo Fils EM, Mongombe AM, Tchuenguem FF-N. 2020. Diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) along an altitudinal gradient in the western region of Cameroon. Bonn Zoological Bulletin 69: 45–54.
   Google Scholar
• Marinho-Filho JS. 1991. The coexistence of two frugivorous bat species and the phenology of their food plants in Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 7: 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400005083.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins MA, de Carvalho WD, Dias D, Franca de SD, de Oliveira MB. 2015. Bat species richness (Mammalia, Chiroptera) along an elevational gradient in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. Acta Chiropterologica 17: 401–409. https://doi.org/10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.2.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbeng DW, Bakwo Fils EM, Atagana PJ, Tsague KJA, Tamesse JL. 2020. Diversity and community structure of bats (Chiroptera) in the Centre Region of Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology 58: 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menzel MA. Carter TC, Menzel JM, Mark Ford W, Chapman BR. 2002. Effects of group selection silviculture in bottomland hardwoods on the spatial activity patterns of bats. Forest Ecology and Management 162: 209–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00516-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mickleburgh SP, Hutson AM, Racey PA. 2002. A review of the global conservation status of bats. Oryx 36: 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605302000054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends: Findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group. Washington, DC: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mongombe AM, Bakwo Fils EM, Tamesse JL. 2019: Diversity and altitudinal distribution of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) on Mount Cameroon. Tropical Zoology 32: 166–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2019.1680077.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno CE, Halffter G. 2000 Assessing the completeness of bat biodiversity inventories using species accumulation curves. Journal of Applied Ecology 37: 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00483.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouillot D, Lepretre A. 2000. Introduction of Relative Abundance Distribution (RAD) indices, estimated from the Rank-Frequency Diagrams (RFD), to assess changes in community diversity. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 63: 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006297211561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller J, Brandl R, Buchner J, Pretzsch H, Seifert S, Strätz C, Veith M, Fenton B. 2013. From ground to above canopy-bat activity in mature forests is driven by vegetation density and height. Forest Ecology and Management 306: 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller J, Mehr M, Bässler C, Fenton M, Hothorn T, Pretzsch H, Klemmt H-J, Brandl R. 2012. Aggregative response in bats: prey abundance versus habitat. Oecologia 169: 673–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2247-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muscarella R, Fleming TH. 2007. The role of frugivorous bats in tropical forest succession. Biological Reviews 82: 573–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00026.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Da Fonseca GAB, Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 6772: 853–858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501.
   Google Scholar
• Niamien Coffi JM, Kadjo Blaise, Koné Kéassemon CH, N’Goran Kouakou E. 2017. Ressources alimentaires de Eidolon helvum (Kerr, 1792), espece proche de la menace (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). European Journal of Scientific Research 13: 182–196. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n3p182.
   Google Scholar
• Nkrumah EE, Opoku BA, Badu EK, Danquah E, Tschapka M, Oppong SK. 2017. Estimating bat abundance and diversity in a modified tropical environment in central Ghana. Tropical Ecology 58: 751–759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noss RF. 1994 Habitat Fragmentation. In: Meffi GK, Carroll CR (eds), Principles of Conservation Biology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, Inc. pp 237–264.
   Google Scholar
• OFAC. 2012. Les forêts du bassin du Congo État des Forêts 2010. Office des publications de l’Union Européenne, Luxembourg. 276 p.
   Google Scholar
• Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Friendly M, Kindt R, Legendre P, McGlinn D, Minchin PR, O’Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Szoecs E, Wagner H. 2016. vegan: Community Ecology Package version 2.4-0. Vienna: CRAN R-project.
   Google Scholar
• Olivry JC. 1976. Régimes Hydrologiques en Pays Bamiléké (Cameroun). Thèse de Doctorat, 3e Cycle. Université Montpellier II Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, France.
   Google Scholar
• Ongole S, Sankaran M, Karanth KK. 2018. Responses of aerial insectivorous bats to local and landscape-level features of coffee agroforestry systems in Western Ghats, India. PLoS ONE 13: e0201648. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAN/LCD. 2006. Plan d’Action National de Lutte Contre la Désertification. Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Protection de la Nature. République du Cameroun. http://www.unccd-prais.com. [Accessed 20 May 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Park KJ. 2015. Mitigating the impacts of agriculture on biodiversity: bats and their potential role as bioindicators. Mammalian Biology 80: 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2014.10.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson BD, Webala PW. 2012. Keys to the bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of East Africa. Fieldiana, Life and Earth Sciences 6: 1–60. https://doi.org/10.3158/2158-5520-12.6.1.
   Google Scholar
• Perfecto I, Rice RA, Greenberg R, Van der Voort ME. 1996. Shade coffee: a disappearing refuge for biodiversity. Bioscience 46: 598–608. https://doi.org/10.2307/1312989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeifer M, Lefebvre V, Peres CA, Banks-Leite C, Wearn OR, Marsh CJ, Butchart SHM, Arroyo-Rodriguez V, Barlow J, Cerezo A, et al. 2017. Creation of forest edges has a global impact on forest vertebrates. Nature 551: 187–191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phommexay P, Satasook C, Bates P, Pearch M, Bumrungsri S. 2011. The impact of rubber plantations on the diversity and activity of understorey insectivorous bats in southern Thailand. Biodiversity and Conservation 20: 1441–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0036-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plank M, Fiedler K, Reiter G. 2012. Use of forest strata by bats in temperate forests. Journal of Zoology 286: 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00859.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyke GH. 1984. Optimal foraging theory: a critical review. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15: 523–575. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002515.
   Google Scholar
• QGIS Development Team. 2013. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. https://qgis.osgeo.org.
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. 2017. A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. ISBN3–900051–7–0.
   Google Scholar
• Randrianandrianina F, Andriafidison D, Kofoky AF, Ramilijaona O, Ratrimomanarivo F, Racey PA, Jenkins RKB. 2006. Habitat use and conservation of bats in rainforest and adjacent human-modified habitats in eastern Madagascar. Acta Chiropterologica 8: 429–437. https://doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2006)8[429:HUACOB]2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis NR, Guillaumet JL. 1983. ‘Les Chauves-Souris Frugivores de la Région de Manaus et leur Rôle dans la Dissémination des Espèces Végétales. La Terre et la Vie: Revue d’Ecologie Appliquée 38: 147–169.
   Google Scholar
• Reis NR, Peracchi AL, Lima IP, Pedro WA. 2006. Riqueza de espécie de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em dois diferentes habitats, na região centro-sul do Paraná, sul do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23: 813–816. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752006000300028.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez RM, Hoffmann F, Porter CA, Baker R. 2006. La communauté de chauves-souris du champ pétrolifère de Rabi dans le complexe d’aires protégées de gamba, Gabon. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 12: 149–154.
   Google Scholar
• Rosevear DR. 1965.The Bats of West Africa. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History).
   Google Scholar
• Sakamoto Y, Ishiguro M, Kitagawa G. 1986. Akaike Information Criterion Statistics. Mathematics and its Applications. Tokyo/Dordrecht: KTK Scientific Publishers/D Reidel Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Scanlon AT, Petit S, Tuiwawa M, Naikatini A. 2014. High similarity between a bat serviced plant assemblage and that used by humans. Biological Conservation 174: 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.03.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnitzler H-U, Kalko EKV. 2001. Echolocation by insect-eating bats. Bioscience 51: 557–569. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0557:EBIEB]2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnitzler H-U, Moss CF, Denzinger A. 2003. From spatial orientation to food acquisition in echolocating bats. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18: 386–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00185-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroth G, Harvey CA. 2007. Biodiversity conservation in cocoa production landscapes: an overview. Biodiversity and Conservation 16: 2237–2244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9195-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafie NJ, Mohd Sah SA, Latip ANS, Azman NM, Khairuddin NL. 2011. Diversity Pattern of Bats at Two Contrasting Habitat Types along Kerian River, Perak, Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research 22: 13–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shapiro JT, Monadjem A, Roder T, McCleery RA. 2020. Response of bat activity to land cover and land use in savannas is scale-, season-, and guild-specific. Biological Conservation 241: 108245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sierro A. 1999. Habitat selection by barbastelle bats (Barbastella barbastellus) in the Swiss Alps (Valais). Journal of Zoology 248: 429–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01042.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikes RS, Gannon WL, the Animal Care and Use Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists. 2011. Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research. Journal of Mammalogy 92: 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-F-355.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons NB, Cirranello AL. 2020. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. www.batnames.org. [Accessed 19 November 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Sirami C, Jacobs DS, Cumming GS. 2013. Artificial wetlands and surrounding habitats provide important foraging habitats for bats in agricultural landscapes in the Western Cape, South Africa. Biological Conservation 164: 30–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somarriba E, Harvey CA, Samper M, Anthony F, González J, Staver C, Rice RA. 2004. Biodiversity conservation in neotropical coffee (Coffea arabica) plantations. In: Schroth G (Ed.), Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes. Washington, DC: Island Press. pp 198–226.
   Google Scholar
• Sørensen T .1948. A method of establishing groups of equal amplitudes in plant sociology based on the similarity of species content and its application to analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Sel-skab, Biologiske Skrifter 5: 1–34.
   Google Scholar
• Stoetzel A. 2015. Etude des Chiroptères de la Réserve naturelle nationale de Chalmessin. Conservatoire d’espaces naturels de Champagne-Ardenne. https://reserve-chalmessin.org. [Accessed 10 May 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Straube FC, Bianconi GV. 2002. Sobre a grandeza e a unidade utilizada para estimar esforço de captura com utilização de redes-de-neblina. Chiroptera Neotropical 8: 150–152.
   Google Scholar
• Tanshi I, Ogbeibu AE, Bates PJJ. 2019. Complementary bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) survey techniques uncover two new country records for Nigeria. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11: 14788–14801. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.5294.11.14.14788-14801.
   Google Scholar
• Temgoua LF. 2011. Déterminants socio-économiques et écologiques de la plantation d’arbres producteurs de bois d’œuvre et d’artisanat dans l’Ouest du Cameroun. Thèse de Doctorat. Université Michel de Montaigne, France.
   Google Scholar
• Terborgh J. 1992. Maintenance of tropical forests. Biotropica 24: 283–292. https://doi.org/10.2307/2388523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas R, Vaughan I, Lello J. 2012. Data analysis with R statistical Software: A guidebook for scientists. Eco-explore, UK: Newport Printing. http://www.eco-explore.co.uk/data-analysis-consulting/data-analysis-guidebook.
   Google Scholar
• Tourand JF, Piketty MG, Oliviera JR, Thales MC. 2004. Elevage bovin, déforestation et développement régional: le cas du Sud de l’Amazonie brésilienne. In Bois et Forêts des Tropiques 280: 5–16.
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan TA. 1970. Flight patterns and aerodynamics. In: Wimsatt WA (Ed.), Biology of Bats 1. New York: Academic Press. pp 195–216.
   Google Scholar
• Voigt CC, Holderied MW. 2012. High maneuvering costs force narrow-winged molossid bats to forage in open space. Journal of Comparative Physiology 182B: 415–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-011-0627-6.
   Google Scholar
• Vonhof MJ. Gwilliam JC. 2007. Intra-and interspecific patterns of day roost selection by three species of forest-dwelling bats in Southern British Columbia. Forest Ecology and Management 252: 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber N, Kalko EKV, Fahr J. 2009. A first assessment of the home range and foraging behavior of the African long-tongued Bat Megaloglossus woermanni (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in a heterogeneous landscape within the Lama Forest Reserve, Benin. Acta Chiropterologica 11: 317–329. https://doi.org/10.3161/150811009X485558.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weier SM, Grass I, Linden VM, Tscharntke T, Taylor PJ. 2018. Natural vegetation and bug abundance promote insectivorous bat activity in macadamia orchards, South Africa. Biological Conservation 226: 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.07.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson EO. 1988. The current state of biological diversity. In: Wilson EO, Peter FM (Eds), Biodiversity. Washington, DC: National Academic Press. pp 191–246.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson JB. 1991. Methods for fitting dominance/diversity curves. Journal of Vegetation Science 2: 35–46. https://doi.org/10.2307/3235896.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wordley CF, Sankaran M, Mudappa D, Altringham JD. 2017. Bats in the Ghats: Agricultural intensification reduces functional diversity and increases trait filtering in a biodiversity hotspot in India. Biological Conservation 210: 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.03.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar