Fabrication and characterization of PVA/NNSA/GLA/nano-silica proton conducting composite membranes for DMFC applications

References

• Liu JG, Zhao TS, Chen R, et al. The effect of methanol concentration on the performance of a passive DMFC. Electrochem Commun. 2005;7:288–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kho BK, Oh IH, Hong SA, et al. The effect of pretreatment methods on the performance of passive DMFCs. Electrochim Acta. 2004;50:777–781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa K, Okajima K, Sudoh M. Structural control and impedance analysis of cathode for direct methanol fuel cell. J Power Sources. 2005;139:9–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panero S, Fiorenza P, Navarra MA, et al. Sillca added composite poly (vinyl alcohol) membranes for fuel cell application. J Electrochem Soc. 2005;152:A2400–A2405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costamagna P, Srinivasan S. Quantum jumps in the PEMFC science and technology from the 1960s to the year 2000. J Power Sources. 2001;102:242–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Liu ZX, Mao ZQ, et al. Preparation and evaluation of a novel self-humidifying Pt/PFSA composite membrane for PEM fuel cell. Chem Eng J. 2005;112:87–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang H, Kim JR, Cho JH, et al. Materials and processes for small fuel cells. Solid State Ion. 2002;148:601–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng H, Xu J, Ma L, et al. Preparation and characterization of sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymers with pendant sulfoalkyl groups as proton exchange membranes. J Power Sources. 2014;260:307–316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Fei X, Zhang G, et al. Preparation and properties of epoxy-based cross-linked sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) proton exchange membrane for direct methanol fuel cell applications. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2010;35:6409–6417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou S, Kim D. Cross-linked aryl-sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) proton exchange membranes for fuel cell. Electrochim Acta. 2012;63:238–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang G, Qiao J, Hong F. Application of phosphoric acid and phytic acid-doped bacterial cellulose as novel proton-conducting membranes to PEMFC. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2012;37:9182–9192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Q, Qian G, Huang K. Hydrophobic hydrogel caged H3PO4 as a new class of high-temperature proton exchange membranes with enhanced acid retention. RSC Adv. 2013;3:3520–3525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prabhuram J, Zhao TS, Liang ZX, et al. Pd and Pd-Cu alloy deposited nafion membranes for reduction of methanol crossover in direct methanol fuel cells. J Electrochem Soc. 2005;152:A1390–A1397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savadogo O. Emerging membranes for electrochemical systems: part II. High temperature composite membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) applications. J Power Sources. 2004;127:135–161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan S, Pivovar BS, Wang Y, et al. Pervaporation membranes in direct methanol fuel cells. J Membr Sci. 1999;154:155–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Shin HS, Lee YM, et al. Properties of electroresponsive poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) IPN hydrogels under an electric stimulus. J Appl Polym Sci. 1999;73:1675–1683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higa M, Hatemura K, Sugita M, et al. Performance of passive direct methanol fuel cell with poly(vinyl alcohol)-based polymer electrolyte membranes. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2011;37:6292–6301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maiti J, Kakati N, Lee SH, et al. PVA nanocomposite membrane for DMFC application. Solid State Ion. 2011;201:21–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CC. Fabrication and characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol)/montmorillonite/poly (styrene sulfonic acid) proton-conducting composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2011;36:4419–4431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhim JW, Park HB, Lee CS, et al. Cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol) membranes containing sulfonic acid group: proton and methanol transport through membranes. J Membr Sci. 2004;238:143–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DS, Park HB, Rhim JW, et al. Preparation and characterization of cross-linked PVA/SiO2 hybrid membranes containing sulfonic acid groups for direct methanol fuel cell applications. J Membr Sci. 2004;240:37–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DS, Park IC, Cho HI, et al. Effect of organo clay content on proton conductivity and methanol transport through cross-linked PVA hybrid membrane for direct methanol fuel cell. J Ind Eng Chem. 2009;15:265–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza Gomes AD, Dutra Filho JC. Hybrid membranes of PVA for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) applications. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2012;37:6246–6252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang T, Xu Q, Wang Y, et al. Primary study on double-layer membranes for direct methanol fuel cell. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2008;33:6766–6771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang T. Preliminary study of SPEEK/PVA blend membranes for DMFC applications. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2008;33:6772–6779.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar GG, Uthirakumar P, Nahm KS, et al. Fabrication and electro chemical properties of poly vinyl alcohol/para toluene sulfonic acid membranes for the applications of DMFC. Solid State Ion. 2009;180:282–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Li Y, Zhang Y, et al. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide reinforced PVA film with boric acid as cross-linker. J Appl Polym Sci. 2015;132:42000–42008.
   Google Scholar
• Schoots K, Kramer GJ, Van Der Zwaan BCC. Technology learning for fuel cells: an assessment of past and potential cost reductions. Energy Policy. 2010;38:2887–2897.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansur HS, Sadahira CM, Souza AN, et al. FTIR spectroscopy characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with different hydrolysis degree and chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Mater Sci Eng C. 2008;28:539–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng CY, Ye YS, Kao KY, et al. Interpenetrating network-forming sulfonated poly (vinyl alcohol) proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2011;36:11936–11945.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timofeeva MN, Jhung SH, Hwang YK, et al. Ce-silica mesoporous SBA-15- type materials for oxidative catalysis: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application. Appl Catal. 2007;317:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Yang CC, Lin SJ. Preparation of composite alkaline polymer electrolyte. Mater Lett. 2002;57:873–881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CC, Lin SJ. Preparation of alkaline PVA-based polymer electrolytes for Ni–MH and Zn-air batteries. J Appl Electrochem. 2003;33:777–787.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zawodzinski JT, Derouin C, Radzinski S, et al. Water uptake by and transport through Nafion 117 membranes. J Electrochem Soc. 1993;140:104–1047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parnian MJ, Gashoul F, Rowshanzamir S. Studies on the SPEEK membrane with low degree of sulfonation as a stable proton exchange membrane for fuel cell applications. Iran J Hydrogen Fuel Cell. 2016;3:221–232.
   Google Scholar
• Han YH, Taylor A, Mantle MD, et al. Sol–gel-derived organic–inorganic hybrid materials. J Non Cryst Solids. 2007;353:313–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CC. Synthesis and characterization of the cross-linked PVA/TiO2 composite polymer membrane for alkaline DMFC. J Membr Sci. 2007;288:51–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DK, Park JT, Choi JK, et al. Proton conducting cross-linked membranes by polymer blending of triblock copolymer and poly (vinyl alcohol). Macromol Res. 2008;16:549–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar