1,233
Views
59
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

“Making Her Community a Better Place to Live”: Culturally Responsive Urban School Leadership in Historical Context

Pages 19-36 | Published online: 18 Aug 2006

REFERENCES

  • Alston , J. A. 2005 . Tempered radicals and servant leaders: Black females persevering in the superintendency . Educational Administration Quarterly , 41 ( 4 ) : 675 – 688 . [CSA]
  • 1919 . A new day for the colored woman worker: A study of colored women in industry in New York City. , New York : C. P. Young .
  • Appleby , J. 1992 . Recovering America’s historic diversity: Beyond exceptionalism . Journal of American History , 79 ( 2 ) : 419 – 431 . [CSA]
  • Ayer , G. 1963 . Notes on my native sons—Education in Harlem . Freedomways , III : 375 – 383 . [CSA]
  • Bell , D. 1980 . Brown v. Board of Education and the interest-convergence dilemma . Harvard Law Review , 93 : 518 [CSA]
  • Biondi , M. 2003 . To stand and fight: The struggle for civil rights in postwar New York City , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Bloom , C. and Erlandson , D. 2003 . African American women principals in urban schools: Realities, (re)constructions, and resolutions . Educational Administration Quarterly , 39 ( 3 ) : 339 – 369 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Child Training—Spare the Rod and Spoil the Child—Vicious Propoganda, Gertrude Ayer Scrapbook, Gertrude Elise Ayer Papers, 1931–1966, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library
  • Collins , P. H. 1991 . Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment , New York : Routledge .
  • Danns , D. 2002 . Black student empowerment and Chicago school reform efforts in 1968 . Urban Education , 37 ( 5 ) : 631 – 655 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Danns , D. . Thriving in the midst of discrimination: Educator Maudelle Bousfield’s struggles in Chicago, 1920–1950 . Paper presented at annual conference of the American Educational Research Association . April 21–25 , Chicago.
  • Dillard , C. B. 1995 . Leading with her life: An African American feminist (re)interpretation of leadership for an urban high school principal . Educational Administration Quarterly , 31 ( 4 ) : 539 – 563 . [CSA]
  • Donato , R. and Lazerson , M. 2000 . New directions in American educational history: Problems and prospects . Educational Researcher , 29 ( 8 ) : 4 – 15 . [CSA]
  • Education Hearing, April 4, 1935. E. Franklin Frazier papers, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University
  • First Negro Woman Wins Principal Post, Sc Micro R-4842, Gertrude Ayer Scrapbook, 1931–1966, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library
  • Foster , W. 1989 . The administrator as transformative intellectual . Peabody Journal of Education , 66 ( 3 ) : 5 – 18 . [CSA]
  • Gay , G. 2000 . Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice , New York : Teachers College Press .
  • Gay , G. and Kirkland , K. 2003 . Developing cultural critical consciousness and self-reflection in preservice teacher education . Theory Into Practice , 42 ( 3 ) : 181 – 187 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Giroux , H. A. 1985 . Teachers as transformative intellectuals . Social Education , 49 ( 5 ) : 76 – 79 . [CSA]
  • Giroux , H. A. 1990 . Curriculum theory, textual authority, and the role of teachers as public intellectuals . Journal of Curriculum and Supervision , 5 ( 4 ) : 361 – 383 . [CSA]
  • Greenberg , C. L. 1997 . Or does it explode? Black Harlem in the Great Depression , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Guy-Sheftall , B. 1995 . Words of fire: An anthology of African-American feminist thought , New York : New Press .
  • Harlem’s First, Time, February 18, 1935, p. 56
  • Hine , D. C. 1994 . “We specialize in the wholly impossible”: The philanthropic work of Black women ” . In Hinesight: Black women and the re-construction of American history , Edited by: Hine , D. C. Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
  • Human Principal, Newsweek, July 5, 1954. Gertrude Ayer, Schomburg Clipping File, 1925–1974, Sc 000,388–1, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library
  • Irvine , J. J. 1990 . Black students and school failure , Westport, CT : Greenwood Press .
  • Johnson , L. 2002 . “Making democracy real”: Teacher union and community activism to promote diversity in the New York City public schools—1935–1950 . Urban Education , 37 ( 5 ) : 566 – 588 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Johnson , L. . Making a difference: Leadership for social justice in historical perspective . Paper presented at the annual convention of the University Council of Educational Administration . November 6–9 , Portland.
  • Johnson , L. 2004 . A generation of women activists: African American female educators in Harlem, 1930–1950 . Journal of African American History , 89 ( 3 ) : 223 – 240 . [CSA]
  • Kilpatrick , W. H. 1918 . The project method: The use of the purposeful act in the educative process . Teachers College Record , 19 ( 4 ) : 319 – 334 . [CSA]
  • Ladson-Billings , G. 1994 . The dreamkeepers: Successful teachers of African American children , San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
  • Ladson-Billings , G. 1995a . Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy . American Educational Research Journal , 32 ( 3 ) : 465 – 491 . [CSA]
  • Ladson-Billings , G. 1995b . But that’s just good teaching! The case for culturally relevant pedagogy . Theory Into Practice , 34 ( 3 ) : 159 – 165 . [CSA]
  • Lomotey , K. 1989 . African-American principals: School leadership and success , New York : Greenwood Press .
  • McDougald , E. J. 1923a . The Negro and the northern public schools . The Crisis , 25 ( 6 ) July : 262 – 265 . [CSA]
  • McDougald , E. J. 1923b . The Negro woman teacher and the Negro student . The Messenger , 7 April : 769 – 770 . [CSA]
  • McDougald , E. J. 1925 . The double task: The struggle of Negro women for sex and race emancipation . Survey Graphic , : 689 – 691 . [CSA]
  • Moll , L. C. 1992 . Funds of knowledge for teaching: Using a qualitative approach to connect homes and classrooms . Theory into Practice , 31 ( 1 ) : 132 – 141 . [CSA]
  • Morrison , C. 1941 . An appraisal of the Activity Program: A preliminary report of the survey of the curriculum experiment with the Activity Program in the New York City elementary schools , Albany : State Education Department .
  • Mrs. Gertrude Ayers Appointed Principal, The Chicago Defender, February 1, 1935, p. 1
  • Murtadha , K. and Watts , D. M. 2005 . Linking the struggle for education and social justice: Historical perspectives of African American leadership in schools . Educational Administration Quarterly , 41 ( 4 ) : 591 – 608 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Negro Puerto Rican Tutors Flock to Supervisor Classes . 1964 . The Amsterdam News , March 7 : 28 [CSA]
  • Perry , T. 1993 . Toward a theory of African-American student achievement , Boston, MA : Center on Families, Communities, Schools and Children’s Learning. Wheelock College . Report No. 16
  • Principals’ Ratings Must Jibe, Gertrude Ayer Scrapbook, Gertrude Elise Ayer Papers, 1931–1966, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library
  • Randolph , A. 2004 . The memories of an all-Black Northern urban school: Good memories of leadership, teachers, and the curriculum . Urban Education , 39 ( 6 ) : 596 – 620 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Reitzug , U. C. and Patterson , J. 1998 . “I’m not going to lose you!” Empowerment through caring in an urban principal’s practice with students . Urban Education , 33 ( 2 ) : 150 – 181 . [CSA]
  • Retired Principal Wants More Respect for Teachers, Gertrude Ayer Scrapbook, Gertrude Elise Ayer Papers, 1931–1966, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library
  • Rousmaniere , K. 1997 . City teachers: Teaching and school reform in historical perspective , New York : Teachers College Press .
  • Scheurich , J. 1998 . Highly successful and loving, public elementary schools populated mainly by low SES children of color: Core beliefs and cultural characteristics . Urban Education , 33 ( 4 ) : 451 – 491 . [CSA]
  • Semel , S. and Sadovnik , A. 1999 . “Schools of tomorrow,” schools of today: What happened to progressive education? , New York : Peter Lang .
  • Siddle Walker , V. 2001 . African American teaching in the South: 1940–1960 . American Educational Research Journal , 38 ( 4 ) : 751 – 759 . [CSA]
  • Siddle Walker , V. 2003 . The architects of Black schooling in the South: The case of one principal leader . Journal of Curriculum and Supervision , 19 ( 1 ) : 54 – 72 . [CSA]
  • Tate , W. 1995 . Returning to the root: A culturally relevant approach to mathematics pedagogy . Theory Into Practice , 34 ( 3 ) : 166 – 173 . [CSA]
  • Tyack , D. B. 1974 . The one best system: A history of American urban education , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Villegas , A. M. and Lucas , T. 2002 . Educating culturally responsive teachers: A coherent approach , Albany : State University of New York Press .
  • Woman Principal Runs School Like a ‘Big City.’ (1935). Gertrude Ayer Scrapbook, Gertrude Elise Ayer Papers, ScMicro R-4842, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library
  • Why a Teacher Should Also Serve as a Social Worker: Elise MacDougald Ayer in 2‐Fold Service.” Gertrude Ayer Scrapbook, Gertrude Elise Ayer Papers, 1931–1966, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.