Strategy by Stealth? The Development of EU Internal and External Security Strategies

References

• Bailes , A. J. K. 2005 . The European Security Strategy. An Evolutionary History , Stockholm : SIPRI . SIPRI Policy Paper No. 10
   Google Scholar
• Ball , N. 2004 . Reforming security sector governance . Conflict, Security and Development , 4 ( 3 ) : 509 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Balzacq , T. 2008 . The External Dimension of EU Justice and Home Affairs: Tools, Processes, Outcomes , Brussels : CEPS . CEPS Working Document No. 303
   Google Scholar
• Berenskoetter , F. S. 2005 . Mapping the mind gap: A comparison of US and European security strategies . Security Dialogue , 36 ( 1 ) : 71 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bet-El , I. 2006 . Wanted: A Strategic Vision , Brussels : 7.12.2006 .
   Google Scholar
• Bigo , D. 1996 . Polices En Réseaux , Paris : Presse de Sciences Po .
   Google Scholar
• Bigo , D. 2000 . “ When two become one: Internal and external securitisations in Europe ” . In International Relations Theory and the Politics of European Integration. Power, Security and Community , Edited by: Kelstrup , M. and Williams , M. C. 171 – 204 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Biscop , S. 2004 . The European Security Strategy. Implementing a Distinctive Approach to Security , Brussels : Royal Defence College, Paper No. 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Bono , G. 2002 . European Security and Defence Policy: The Rise of the Military in the EU , Bradford : University of Bradford, Peace Studies Papers 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Collantes , G. Celador . 2005 . Police reform: Peacebuilding through ‘democratic policing’? . International Peacekeeping , 12 ( 3 ) : 364 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 1995 . The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. Barcelona Declaration Adopted at the Euro-Mediterranean Conference , Brussels : 28.11.1995 .
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 1999a . Helsinki European Council Presidency Conclusions , Brussels : 11.12.1999 . 00300/1/99
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 1999b . Tampere Justice and Home Affairs Council Presidency Conclusions , Brussels : 16.10.1999 . 200/1/99
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2001 . Gothenburg Presidency Conclusions: EU Programme for the Prevention of Violent Conflicts , Brussels : 11.06.2001 .
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2003 . European Security Strategy. A Secure Europe in a Better World , Brussels : 12.12.2003 .
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2004a . Brussels European Council Presidency Conclusions , Brussels : 19.07.2004 . 10679/2/04
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2004b . The Hague Programme: Strengthening Freedom, Security and Justice in the European Union , Brussels : 13.12.2004 . 16054/04
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2004c . Revised Draft Declaration of the Meeting of the EU Chiefs of Police on Police Aspects in the ESDP-Framework, Warnsveld, 25 October 2004 , Brussels : 18.10.2004 . 13383/1/04
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . December 2005 2005a . Council Secretariat Factsheet: EU Police Advisory Team (EUPAT) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia December 2005 , Brussels EUPAT/00
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2005b . EU Concept for ESDP Support to Security Sector Reform (SSR) , Brussels : 13.10.2005 . 12566/4/05
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2005c . The European Union Counter-Terrorism Strategy , Brussels : 30.11.2005 . 14469/4/05
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2005d . A Strategy for the External Dimension of JHA: Global Freedom, Security and Justice , Brussels : 06.12.2005 . 15446/05
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2006a . Action Oriented Paper on Improving Cooperation, on Organized Crime, Corruption, Illegal Immigration and Counter-Terrorism, between the EU, Western Balkans and Relevant ENP Countries , Brussels : 12.05.2006 . 9272/06
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . March 2006 2006b . Council Secretariat Factsheet: EU Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUPM) March 2006 , Brussels
   Google Scholar
• Council of the European Union . 2006c . Vienna Declaration on Security Partnership , Brussels : 05.05.2006 .
   Google Scholar
• DeLeon , P. 1999 . “ The stages approach to the policy process. What has it done? Where is it going? ” . In Theories of the Policy Process , Edited by: Sabatier , P. A. 19 – 32 . Boulder, CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• den Boer , M. and Wallace , W. 2000 . “ Justice and Home Affairs. Integration through incrementalism? ” . In Policymaking in the European Union , Edited by: Wallace , H. and Wallace , W. 493 – 519 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ducarme , D. R. 2008 . Revision of the European Security Strategy – Reply to the Annual Report of the Council, Document A/2000, 54th Session of the ESDA , Brussels : European Security and Defence Assembly .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , S. 2004 . The European Security Strategy in a comparative framework: Does it make for secure alliances in a better world? . European Foreign Affairs Review , 9 ( 4 ) : 459 – 481 .
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2003a . Communication from the Commission on Governance and Development , Brussels : 20.10.2003 . COM(2003) 615 final
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2003b . Communication from the Commission: Wider Europe – Neighbourhood: A New Framework for Relations with our Eastern and Southern Neighbours , Brussels : 11.03.2003 . COM(2003) 104 final
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2004 . European Neighbourhood Policy. Strategy Paper , Brussels : 12.05.2004 . COM(2004)373
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2006a . Communication from the Commission on Strengthening the European Neighbourhood Policy , Brussels : 04.12.2006 . COM(2006)726 final
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2006b . Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: Strategy for Africa: An EU Regional Political Partnership for Peace, Security and Development in the Horn of Africa , Brussels : 21.11.2006 . 15594/06
   Google Scholar
• European Commission . 2006c . A Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform , Brussels : 24.05.2006 . COM(2006)253 final
   Google Scholar
• Future Group . 2008 . Freedom, Security, Privacy – European Home Affairs in an Open World. Report of the Informal High Level Advisory Group on the Future of European Home Affairs Policy , Brussels : June 2008 .
   Google Scholar
• Gourlay , C. 2006 . “ Civil–civil co-ordination in EU crisis management ” . In Civilian Crisis Management: The EU Way , Edited by: Nowak , A. 103 – 122 . Paris : EU ISS . Chaillot Paper No. 90
   Google Scholar
• Gowan , R. 2005 . “ The Battlegroups: A concept in search of a strategy? ” . In E Pluribus Unum? Military Integration in the European Union , Edited by: Biscop , S. 13 – 20 . Brussels : Royal Institute for International Relations . Egmont Paper 7
   Google Scholar
• Gray , C. S. 1999 . Modern Strategy , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Guiraudon , V. 2000 . European integration and migration policy: Vertical policy-making as venue shopping . Journal of Common Market Studies , 38 ( 2 ) : 251 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas , P. M. 1992 . Introduction: Epistemic communities and international policy coordination . International Organization , 46 ( 1 ) : 1 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , A. 2006 . Against All Odds – The Evolution of Planning for ESDP Operations. Civilian Crisis Management from EUPM Onwards , Berlin : Zentrum für Internationale Friedenseinsätze, Studie 10/06 .
   Google Scholar
• Howorth , J. 2003 . Saint-Malo Plus Five: An Interim Assessment of ESDP , Paris : Notre Europe Policy papers N°7 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaldor , M. , Martin , M. and Selchow , S. 2007 . Human security: A new strategic narrative for Europe . International Affairs , 83 ( 2 ) : 273 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , P. 1991 . Grand Strategies in War and Peace , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kirchner , E. and Sperling , J. 2002 . The new security threats in Europe: Theory and evidence . European Foreign Affairs Review , 7 ( 4 ) : 423 – 452 .
   Google Scholar
• Kurowska , X. 2008a . “ More than a Balkan crisis manager: The EUJUST Themis in Georgia ” . In European Security and Defence Policy. An Implementation Perspective , Edited by: Merlingen , M. and Ostrauskaite , R. 97 – 110 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Kurowska , X. 2008b . “ The role of ESDP missions ” . In European Security and Defence Policy. An Implementation Perspective , Edited by: Merlingen , M. and Ostrauskaite , R. 25 – 42 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Lavenex , S. 2004 . EU external governance in ‘wider Europe’ . Journal of European Public Policy , 11 ( 4 ) : 680 – 700 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavenex , S. 2006 . Shifting up and out: The foreign policy of European immigration control . West European Politics , 29 ( 2 ) : 329 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavenex , S. and Wallace , W. 2005 . “ Justice and Home Affairs. Towards a ‘European public order’? ” . In Policy-making in the European Union , Edited by: Wallace , H. , Wallace , W. and Pollack , M. A. 457 – 480 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Liddell , B. Hart . 1991 . Strategy , 2nd revised ed. , New York : Meridian .
   Google Scholar
• Lindblom , C. E. 1959 . The science of muddling through . Public Administration Review , 19 ( 2 ) : 79 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matlary , J. H. 2006 . When soft power turns hard: Is an EU strategic culture possible? . Security Dialogue , 37 ( 1 ) : 105 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , C. O. 2005 . Convergence towards a European strategic culture? A constructivist framework for explaining changing norms . European Journal of International Relations , 11 ( 4 ) : 523 – 549 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Missiroli , A. 2006 . Disasters past and present: New challenges for the EU . Journal of European Integration , 28 ( 5 ) : 423 – 436 .
   Google Scholar
• Monar , J. 2006 . Justice and Home Affairs . Journal of Common Market Studies , 44 ( Annual Review ) : 101 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Nowak , A. 2006 . “ Civilian crisis management within ESDP ” . In Civilian Crisis Management: The EU Way , Edited by: Nowak , A . 15 – 38 . Paris : EU Institute for Security Studies . Chaillot Paper No. 90
   Google Scholar
• Ortega , M. 2005 . Petersberg Tasks, and Missions for the EU Military Forces, Factsheet, Online , Paris : EU Institute for Security Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Pawlak , P. 2009 . The external dimension of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice: Highjacker or hostage of cross-pillarisation? . Journal of European Integration , 31 ( 1 ) : 25 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Présidence de la République Française . 2008 . White Paper on Defence and National Security , Paris : June 2008 .
   Google Scholar
• Pullinger , S. 2007 . Revising the European Security Strategy: Building a secure Europe in a better world . European Security Review , 35 : 1 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Quille , G. 2004 . The European Security Strategy: A framework for EU security interests? . International Peacekeeping , 11 ( 3 ) : 422 – 438 .
   Google Scholar
• Schmitt , B. 2005 . European Capabilities Action Plan (ECAP) , Paris : EU Institute for Security Studies . Factsheet, updated May 2005, Online
   Google Scholar
• Schneckener , U. 2002 . Developing and Applying EU Crisis Management. Test Case Macedonia , Flensburg : European Centre for Minority Issues . Working Paper No. 14
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder , U. C. 2006 . Coping with Complexity. An Organizational Perspective on European Security Governance , San Domenico di Fiesole : European University Institute . EUI SPS Working Papers No 2006/09
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder , U. C. 2007 . “ Governance of EU crisis management: From comprehensive concepts to integrated planning? ” . In Evaluating the EU's Crisis Missions in the Balkans , Edited by: Gross , E. M. and Emerson , M. 17 – 41 . Brussels : Centre for European Policy Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Strachan , H. 2005 . The lost meaning of strategy . Survival , 47 ( 3 ) : 33 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Study Group on Europe's Security Capabilities . 2004 . A Human Security Doctrine for Europe Barcelona
   Google Scholar
• The White House . 2006 . The National Security Strategy of the United States of America , Washington : March 2006 .
   Google Scholar
• Toje , A. 2005 . The 2003 European Union Security Strategy: A critical appraisal . European Foreign Affairs Review , 10 ( 1 ) : 117 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• UK Cabinet Office . 2008 . The National Security Strategy of the United Kingdom. Security in an interdependent world. Cm 7291
   Google Scholar
• UK House of Lords , E. U. C. 2008 . Minutes of Evidence. The European Security Strategy. Major General Messervy-Whiting CBE and Mr Nick Whitney , London : 05.06.2008 .
   Google Scholar
• Zehetner , T. 2007 . Waiting in the wings: The civilian ESDP mission in Kosovo . European Security Review , 33 : 4 – 7 .
   Google Scholar