The Impact of National Direct Democracy on the Choice for Convening EU Referendums

References

• Albi, A. (2005) ‘Europe’ articles in the constitutions of the Central and Eastern European countries, Common Market Law Review, 42(2), pp. 399–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auer, A. & Bützer, M. (Eds) (2001) Direct Democracy: The Eastern and Central European Experience (Aldershot: Ashgate).
   Google Scholar
• Balsom, D. (1996) The United Kingdom: Constitutional pragmatism and the adoption of the referendum, in: M. Gallagher & P. V. Uleri (Eds) The Referendum Experience in Europe, pp. 209–225 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
   Google Scholar
• Beichelt, T. (2004) Euro-skepticism in the EU accession countries, Comparative European Politics, 2(1), pp. 29–50. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110024
   Google Scholar
• Bellmann, J. (2006) Niederlande – die Verfassung als Sündenbock?, in: Th. König, S. Daimer & D. Finke (Eds) Plebiszit und Ratifikation. Eine vergleichende Untersuchung von Referenden zur Europäischen Verfassung, pp. 83–91 (Speyerer Forschungsberichte 248/Speyer: Deutsches Forschungsinstitut für öffentliche Verwaltung Speyer).
   Google Scholar
• Búrca, G. (2006) The European Constitution project after the referenda, Constellations, 13(2), pp. 205–217. doi: 10.1111/j.1351-0487.2006.00451.x
   Google Scholar
• Chander, A. (1992) Sovereignty, referenda and the entrenchment of a United Kingdom Bill of Rights, Yale Law Journal, 101(2), pp. 457–480.
   Google Scholar
• Checkel, J. T. (1999) Social construction and integration, Journal of European Public Policy, 6(4), pp. 545–560. doi: 10.1080/135017699343469
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Closa, C. (2007) Why convene referendums? Explaining choices in EU constitutional politics, Journal of European Public Policy, 14(8), pp. 1311–1332. doi: 10.1080/13501760701656478
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dür, A. & Mateo, G. (2011) To call or not to call? Political parties and referendums on the EU's constitutional treaty, Comparative Political Studies, 44(4), pp. 468–492 doi: 10.1177/0010414010393476
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finke, D. & König, Th. (2009) Why risk popular ratification failure? A comparative analysis of the choice of the ratification instrument in the 25 member states of the EU, Constitutional Political Economy, 20(3/4), pp. 341–365. doi: 10.1007/s10602-008-9068-y
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher, M. (1996) Ireland: The referendum as a conservative device, in: M. Gallagher & P. V. Uleri (Eds.) The Referendum Experience in Europe, pp. 86–105 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher, M. & Uleri, P. V. (Eds) (1996) The Referendum Experience in Europe (London: Macmillan).
   Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S. B. (2006) Direct democracy and European integration, Journal of European Public Policy, 13(1), pp. 153–166. doi: 10.1080/13501760500380825
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S. B. (2009) Europe in Question: Referendums on European Integration (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Hölscheidt, S. & Putz, I. (2003) Referenden in Europa, Die Öffentliche Verwaltung, 56(18), pp. 737–746.
   Google Scholar
• Hug, S. (2003) Voices of Europe. Citizens, Referendums, and European Integration (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers).
   Google Scholar
• Hummer, W. & Obwexer, W. (2001) Irlands ‘Nein zu Nizza’: Konsequenzen aus dem negative irischen Referendum vom 7. Juni 2001, Integration, 24(3), pp. 237–249.
   Google Scholar
• Jahn, D. & Storsved, A.-S. (1995) Legitimacy through referendum? The nearly successful domino-strategy of the EU referendums in Austria, Finland, Sweden and Norway, West European Politics, 18(4), pp. 18–37. doi: 10.1080/01402389508425105
   Google Scholar
• Jung, O. (1987) Volksgesetzgebung in Deutschland, Leviathan, 15(2), pp. 242–265.
   Google Scholar
• Justaert, A. & Cruys, R. van de (2011) Belgian discourse on the EU: Elite-driven and federal-minded, in: C. T. Ramos (Ed.) Ideas of Europe in National Political Discourse, pp. 137–166 (Bologna: Il Mulino).
   Google Scholar
• Krämer, H. R. (1982) Greenland's European Community (EC)-referendum: Background and consequences, German Yearbook of International Law, 25, pp. 273–289.
   Google Scholar
• Linder, W. (2005) Schweizerische Demokratie. Institutionen, Prozesse, Perspektiven (Bern: Haupt-Verlag).
   Google Scholar
• Linder, W. (2009) Das politische System der Schweiz, in: W. Ismayr (Ed.) Die politischen Systeme Westeuropas, pp. 567–606 (Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag).
   Google Scholar
• Magin, R. & Eder, Ch. (2007) Direkte Demokratie in den Bundesländern: Grundlagen, Institutionen, Anwendungen, in: M. Freitag & U. Wagschal (Eds) Direkte Demokratie. Bestandsaufnahme und Wirkungen in internationalen Vergleich, pp. 151–187 (Münster and Berlin: Lit-Verlag).
   Google Scholar
• Mateo González, G. (2006) Domestic Politics and Referendums on the Constitutional Treaty. EUI Working Papers No. 32/2006, San Domenico Di Fiesole (FI).
   Google Scholar
• Maurer, A. (2005) Die Ratifikation des Verfassungsvertrages, in: M. Jopp & S. Matl (Eds) Der Vertrag über eine Verfassung für Europa. Analysen zur Konstituierung der EU, pp. 493–521 (Baden-Baden: Nomos-Verlag).
   Google Scholar
• Michels, A. (2009) Ideological positions and the referendum in the Netherlands, in: M. Setälä & Th. Schiller (Eds) Referendums and Representative Democracy, pp. 56–74 (London/New York: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Morel, L. (1996) France: Towards a less controversial use of the referendum?, in: M. Gallagher & P. V. Uleri (Eds) The Referendum Experience in Europe, pp. 66–85. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Morel, L. (2007) The rise of politically obligatory referendums: The 2005 French referendum in comparative perspective, West European Politics, 30(5), pp. 1041–1067. doi: 10.1080/01402380701617449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierson, P. (2000) Increasing returns, path dependency, and the study of politics, American Political Science Review, 94(2), pp. 251–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rye, L. & Steinnes, K. (2010) Norway's 1994 quest for EU membership. Ideas of national culture and Europe in Norwegian political discourse, in: M. Beers & J. Raflik (Eds) National Cultures and Common Identity. A Challenge for Europe?, pp. 267–278 (Brussels: Peter Lang).
   Google Scholar
• Setälä, M. (1999) Referendums in West Europe – a wave of direct democracy?, Scandinavian Political Studies, 22(4), pp. 327–340. doi: 10.1111/1467-9477.00022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suksi, M. (1996) Finland: The referendum as a dormant feature, in: M. Gallagher & P. V. Uleri (Eds.) The Referendum Experience in Europe, pp. 52–65 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
   Google Scholar
• Svensson, P. (1996) Denmark: The referendum as a dormant feature, in: M. Gallagher & P. V. Uleri (Eds) The Referendum Experience in Europe, pp. 33–51 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
   Google Scholar
• Szczerbiak, A. & Taggart, P. (Eds) (2005) EU Enlargement and Referendums (London and New York: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• Temple Lang, J. (1987) The Irish court case which delayed the Single European Act: Crotty vs. An Taoiseach and Others, Common Market Law Review, 24(4), pp. 709–718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uleri, P. V. (1996) Italy: Referendums and initiatives from the origins to the crisis of a democratic regime, in: M. Gallagher & P. V. Uleri (Eds) The Referendum Experience in Europe, pp. 106–125 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
   Google Scholar
• Uleri, P. V. (2002) On referendum voting in Italy: YES, NO or non-vote? How Italian parties learned to control referendums, European Journal of Political Research, 41(6), pp. 863–883.
   Google Scholar
• Wagschal, U. (2011) Direkte Demokratie: rechtliche Grundlagen und politische Praxis, in: F. Grotz & F. Müller-Rommel (eds.) Regierungssysteme in Mittel- und Osteuropa. Die neuen EU-Staaten im Vergleich, pp. 237–261 (Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag).
   Google Scholar
• Wyller, Th. (1996) Norway: Six exceptions to the rule, in: M. Gallagher & P. V. Uleri (Eds.) The Referendum Experience in Europe, pp. 139–153. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar