Application of the drag force approach to model the flow‐interaction of natural vegetation

References

• Choi , S.‐U. and Kang , H. 2004 . “Reynolds Stress Modeling of Vegetated Open Channel Flows,” . IAHR Journal of Hydraulic Research , 42 : 3 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui , J. and Neary , V.S. Large eddy simulation (LES) of fully developed flow through vegetation . IAHR 5th International Conference on Hydroinformatics . July , Cardiff, UK. pp. 1 – 5 . 2002
   Google Scholar
• Dudley , S.J. 1997 . Vegetation measurements for predicting flow resistance , USA : CSU, Fort Collins, CO . PhD Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Fathi‐Maghadam , M. and Kouwen , N. 1997 . “Nonrigid, Nonsubmerged, Vegetative Roughness on Floodplains,” . ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , 123 (1) : 51 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischenich , C. and Dudley , S. 2000 . Determining Drag Coefficients and Area for Vegetation. US Army Corps of Engineers , Technical Note EMRRP SR‐08
   Google Scholar
• Fischer‐Antze , T. , Stoesser , T. , Bates , P.B. and Olsen , N.R. 2001 . “3D Numerical Modelling of Open Channel Flow with Submerged Vegetation,” . IAHR Journal of Hydraulic Research , 39 : 303 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hörandl , E. , Florineth , F. and Hadacek , F. 2002 . Weiden in Österreich und angrenzenden Gebieten, Eigenverlag des Instituts für Ingenieurbiologie und Landschaftsbau , Wien : Universität für Bodenkultur .
   Google Scholar
• Järvelä , J. 2002 . “ Determination of flow resistance of vegetated channel banks and floodplains ” . In River Flow 2002 , Edited by: Bousmar , D. and Zech , Y. 311 – 318 . Zeilinger, Lisse : Swets & .
   Google Scholar
• Klassen , G.J. and Zwaard , J.J. 1974 . Roughness Coefficients of Vegetated Floodplains,” . Journal of Hydraulic Research , 12 (1) : 43 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Lopez , F. and Garcia , M. 2001 . “Mean Flow and Turbulence Structure of Open Channel Flow through Non‐Emergent Vegetation,” . ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , 127 : 392 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepf , H. and Vivoni , E.R. Turbulence structure in depth‐limited vegetated flow: Transition between emergent and submerged regimes . XXVIII IAHR Congress Conference Proceedings . Graz, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Olsen , N.R.B. 2003 . SSIIM User's Manual , The Norwegian University of Science and Technology . <www.bygg.ntnu.no/∼nilsol/ssiimwin> (October, 2003)
   Google Scholar
• Patankar , S.V . 1980 . Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow , New York : Mc Graw‐Hill Book Company .
   Google Scholar
• Rauch , H.P. 2005 . “ Hydraulic impact of a vegetated river bank exemplified by the soil bioengineering test flume of the river Wien ” . Institute of Soil Bioengineering and Landscape Construction, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences . PhD Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Schlichting , H. 1979 . Boundary Layer Theory. , 7th Edition , New York : Mc Graw‐Hill Book Company .
   Google Scholar
• Sellin , R.H.J. 1964 . “A Laboratory Investigation into the Interaction between the Flow in the Channel of a River and that Over its Flood Plain,” . La Houille Blanche , 7 : 793 – 810 .
   Google Scholar
• Shimizu , Y. and Tsujimoto , T. 1994 . “Numerical Analysis of Turbulent Open Channel Flow over a Vegetation Layer Using a K‐Epsilon Turbulence Model,” . Journal of Hydroscience and Engineering , 11 : 57 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Stephan , U. and Gutknecht , D. 2002 . “Hydraulic Resistance of Submerged Flexible Vegetation.” . Journal of Hydrology , 269 : 27 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoesser , T. , Wilson , C.A.M.E. , Bates , P.D. and Dittrich , A. 2003 . “Application of a 3D Numerical Model to a River with Vegetated Floodplains,” . IAHR/IWA Journal of Hydroinformatics , 5 : 99 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Strahler , A.N. 1952 . Hypsometric (Area‐Altitude) Analysis of Erosional Topography, . Bull. Geolog. Soc. Amer , 63 : 1117 – 1142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsujimoto , T. , Shimizu , Y. , Kitamura , T. and Okada , T. 1992 . “Turbulent Open‐Channel Flow Over Bed Covered by Rigid Vegetation,” . Journal of Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engineering , 10 (2) : 13 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , C.A.M.E. , Stoesser , T. , Bates , P.D. and Batemann Pinzen , A. 2003 . “Open Channel Flow Through Different Forms of Submerged Flexible Vegetation,” . ASCE J. Hydraulic Engrg , 129 : 847 – 853 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , C.A.M.E. , Yagci , O. , Olsen , N. and Rauch , H.‐P. 3D numerical modelling of vegetated compound channel flow . Proceedings of the IAHR/IAHS/IWA 6th International Conference on Hydroinformatics . June 24 , Singapore. Vol. 21 , pp. 383 – 390 . Vol. 1
   Google Scholar