Nitrogen driving force and pressure relationships at contrasting scales: Implications for catchment management

References

• Alexander , R.B. , Smith , R.A. and Schwarz , G.E. 2000 . “Effect of Stream Channel Size on the Delivery of Nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico,” . Nature , 403 : 758 – 761 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen , H.E. , Kronvang , B. and Larsen , S.E. 1999 . “Agricultural Practices and Diffuse Nitrogen Pollution in Denmark,” . Water Science and Technology , 39 (12) : 257 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson , R. 1986 . “Losses of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Arable Land in Sweden – Magnitude, Regulating Factors and Measured Proposed,” . 215 Uppsala : Institute for Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences . PhD Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Baker , J.L. and Johnson , H.P. 1981 . “Nitrate‐N in Tile Drainage as Affected by Fertilization,” . J. Environ. Qual. , 10 : 519 – 522 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartkow , M.E. and Udy , J.W. 2004 . “Quantifying Potential Nitrogen Removal by Denitrification in Stream Sediments at a Regional Scale,” . Marine and Freshwater Research , 55 (3) : 309 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechmann , M. , Eggestad , H.O. and Vagstad , N. 1998 . “Nitrogen Balances and Leaching in Four Agricultural Catchments in Southeastern Norway,” . Environmental Pollution , 102 : 493 – 499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrendt , H. and Opitz , D. 2000 . “Retention of Nutrients in River Systems: Dependence on Specific Runoff and Hydraulic Load,” . Hydrobiologia , 410 : 111 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billen , G. and Garnier , J. 1999 . “Nitrogen Transfer Through the Seine Drainage Network: A Budget Based on the Application of the RIVERSTRAHLER Model,” . Hydrobiologia , 410 : 139 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billen , G. , Barles , B. , Garnier , G. , Rouillard , J. and Benoit , P. 2008 . “The Food‐Print of Paris: Long‐term Reconstruction of the Nitrogen Flows Imported into the City from its Rural Hinterland,” . Regional Environmental Change . doi: 10.1007/s10113–008–0051‐y.
   Google Scholar
• Bouwman , A.F. , Lee , D.S. , Asman , A.H. , Dentener , J.H. , Van Der Hoek , K.W. and Olivier , J.G.J. 1997 . “A Global High‐Resolution Emission Inventory for Ammonia,” . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 11 : 561 – 587 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brink , N. 1983 . “Gödselanvändningens Miljöproblem,” . Ekohydrologi , 14 : 31 – 49 . (In Swedish).
   Google Scholar
• Caraco , N.F. and Cole , J.J. 1999 . “Human Impacts on Nitrate Export: An Analysis Using Major World Rivers,” . Ambio , 28 (2) : 167 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caraco , N.F. , Cole , J.J. , Likens , G.E. , Lovett , G.M. and Weathers , K.C. 2003 . “Variation in NO3 Export from Flowing Waters of Vastly Different Sizes: Does One Model Fit All?,” . Ecosystems , 6 : 344 – 352 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cugier , Ph. , Billen , G. , Guillaud , J.F. , Garnier , J. and Ménesquen , A. 2005 . “Modelling the Eutrophication of the Seine Bight (France) Under Historical, Present and Future Riverine Nutrient Loading,” . J. Hydrol. , 304 : 381 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon , P.J. and Kirchner , W.B. 1975 . “The Effects of Geology and Land Use on the Export of Phosphorus from Watersheds,” . Water Research , 9 : 135 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducharne , A. , Baubion , C. , Benoit , M. , Billen , G. , Brisson , N. , Garnier , J. , Kieken , H. , Lebonvallet , S. , Ledoux , E. , Mary , B. , Mignolet , C. , Poux , X. , Sauboua , E. , Schott , C. , Théry , S. and Viennot , P. 2007 . “Long Term Prospective of the Seine River System: Confronting Climatic and Direct Anthropogenic Changes,” . The Science of the Total Environment , 375 : 292 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EEA . 2000 . “Sustainable Use of Europe's Water? State Prospects and Issues,” . Environmental assessment report no. 7 Copenhagen : European Environment Agency (EEA) .
   Google Scholar
• EEA . 2001 . “Eutrophication in Europe's coastal waters,” . EEA Topic Report 7/2001 Copenhagen : European Environment Agency (EEA) .
   Google Scholar
• EC . 2000 . “Directive 200/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy, Official Journal of the European Communities,” . 1 – 73 . European Commission (EC) . OJ L 372 (43)
   Google Scholar
• Ekholm , P. , Kallio , K. , Salo , S. , Pietiläinen , O.‐P. , Rekolainen , S. , Laine , Y. and Joukola , M. 2000 . “Relationship Between Catchment Characteristics and Nutrient Concentrations in an Agricultural River System,” . Water Research , 34 (15) : 3709 – 3716 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway , J.N. and Cowling , E.B. 2002 . “Nitrogen and the World,” . Ambio , 31 : 64 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway , J.N. and Dentener , F.J. 2004 . “Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future,” . Bio geochemistry , 70 (2) : 153 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway , J.N. , Townsend , A.R. , Erisman , J.W. , Bekunda , M. , Cai , Z. , Freney , J.R. , Martinelli , L.A. , Seitzinger , S.P. and Sutton , M.A. 2008 . “Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions,” . Science , 320 (5878) : 889 – 892 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnier , J. , Billen , G. , Hannon , E. , Fonbonne , S. , Videnina , Y. and Soulie , M. 2002 . “Modelling Transfer and Retention of Nutrients in the Drainage Network of the Danube River,” . Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. , 54 : 285 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnier , J. , Billen , G. , Butterbach‐Bahl , K. , Martinez , A. , Mounier , E. , Silvestre , M. , TOCHE , F. , Vilain , G and Werner , C. “ (accepted). “Nitrous Oxide (N2O) in the Seine River and Basin: Observations and Budgets,” . AEE .
   Google Scholar
• Garnier , J. , Billen , G. , Vilain , G. , Martinez , A. , Mounier , E. , Silvestre , M. and Toche , F. 2009 . “Nitrous Oxide (N2O) in the Seine River and Basin: Observations and Budgets,” . Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. , doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.04.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gast , R.G. , Nelson , W.G. and Randall , G.W. 1978 . “Nitrate Accumulation in Soils and Loss in Tile Drainage Following Nitrogen Applications to Continuous Corn,” . J. Environ. Qual. , 7 : 258 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulding , K.W.T. 2000 . “Nitrate Leaching from Arable and Horticultural Land,” . Soil Use and Management , 16 : 145 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , R. , Blicher‐Mathiesen , G. , Andersen , H.E. , Lauble , A.R. , Jensen , P.G. and Rasmussen , P. 1997 . “The Agricultural Watershed Monitoring Programme, 1997,” . National Environmental Research Institute Report No. 210 141 (In Danish)
   Google Scholar
• Green , P.A. , Vörösmarty , C.J. , Meybeck , M. , Galloway , J.N. , Peterson , B.J. and Boyer , E. 2004 . “Pre‐Industrial and Contemporary Fluxes of Nitrogen Through Rivers: A Global Assessment Based on Typology,” . Biogeochemistry , 68 : 71 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimvall , A. and Stålnacke , P. 1996 . “Statistical Methods for Source Apportionment of Riverine Loads of Pollutants,” . Environmetrics , 7 : 201 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimvall , A. , Stålnacke , P. and Tonderski , A. 2000 . “Timescales of Nutrient Losses from Land to Sea – A European Perspective,” . J. Ecological Engineering , 14 : 363 – 371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haggard , B.E. , Moore , P.A. JR , Chaubey , I. and Stanley , E.H. 2003 . “Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and Export from an Ozark Plateau Catchment in the United States,” . Biosystems Engineering , 86 (1) : 75 – 85 . doi: 10.1016/S1537–5110(03)00100–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , R.O. and Tank , J.L. 2003 . “Ecosystem Metabolism Controls Nitrogen Uptake in Streams in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming,” . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 48 (3) : 1120 – 1128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , J.A. , Seitzinger , S.P. , Bouwman , A.F. , Caraco , N.F. , Beusen , A.H.W. and Vörösmarty , C.J. 2005 . “Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus Export to the Coastal Zone: Results From a Spatially Explicit, Global Model,” . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 19 GB4S03, doi: 10.1029/2004GB002357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , A.R. 1981 . “Stream Phosphorus Exports from Watersheds with Contrasting Land Uses in Southern Ontario,” . Water Resources Bulletin , 17 : 627 – 634 .
   Google Scholar
• Howarth , R.W. 1998 . “An Assessment of Human Influences on Fluxes of Nitrogen from the Terrestrial Landscape to the Estuaries and Contintental Shelves of the North Atlantic Ocean,” . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , 52 : 213 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howarth , R.W. , Billen , G. , Swaney , D. , Townsend , A. , Jaworski , N. , Lajtha , K. , Downing , J.A. , Elmgren , R. , Caraco , N. , Jordan , T. , Berendse , F. , Freney , J. , Kudeyarov , V. , Murdoch , P. and Zhao‐Liang , Z. 1996 . “Regional Nitrogen Budgets and Riverine N and P Fluxes for the Drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and Human Influences,” . Biogeochem , 35 : 75 – 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iital , A. , Stålnacke , P. , Deelstra , J. , Loigu , E. and Pihlak , M. 2005 . “Effects of Large‐Scale Changes in Emissions on Nutrient Concentrations in Estonian Rivers in the Lake Peipsi Drainage Basin,” . Journal of Hydrology , 304 : 261 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnes , P. and Butterfield , D. 2002 . “Landscape, Regional and Global Estimates of Nitrogen Flux from Land to Sea: Errors and Uncertainties,” . Biogeochemistry , 57/58 : 429 – 476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancelot , C. , Gypens , N. , Billen , G. , Garnier , J. and Roubeix , V. 2007 . “Linking Marine Eutrophication to Land Use: An Integrated River‐Ocean Mathematical Tool: The Southern Bight of the North Sea Over the Past 50 years,” . Journal of Marine Systems , 64 : 216 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laznik , M. , Stålnacke , P. , Grimvall , A. and Wittgren , H.B. 1999 . “Riverine Input of Nutrients to the Gulf of Riga – Temporal and Spatial Variability,” . Journal of Marine Systems , 23 : 11 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledoux , E. , Gomez , E. , Monget , J.‐M. , Viavattene , C. , Viennot , P. , Ducharne , A. , Benoit , M. , Mignolet , C. , Schott , C. and Mary , B. 2007 . “Agriculture and Groundwater Nitrate Contamination in the Seine Basin. The STICS‐MODCOU Modelling Chain,” . The Science of the Total Environment , 375 : 33 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Thi Phuong , Q. , Billen , G. , Garnier , J. , Théry , S. , Fézard , C. and Chau Van , M. 2005 . “Nutrient (N, P) Budgets for the Red River Basin (Vietnam and China),” . Global Biogeochem . Cycles, 19, GB2022, doi: 10.1029/2004GB002405.
   Google Scholar
• Liang , B.C. , Remillard , M. and Mackenzie , A.F. 1991 . “Influence of Fertilizer, Irrigation, and Non‐Growing Season Precipitation on Soil Nitrate‐Nitrogen Under Corn,” . Journal of Environmental Quality , 20 : 123 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löfgren , S. , Gustafson , A. , Steineck , S. and Stålnacke , P. 1999 . “Agricultural Development and Nutrient Flows in the Baltic States and Sweden after 1988,” . Ambio , 28 : 320 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIsaac , G.F. , David , M.B. , Gertner , G.Z. and Goolsby , D.A. 2002 . “Relating Net Nitrogen Input in the Mississippi River Basin to nitrate Flux in the Lower Mississippi River: A Comparison of Approaches,” . Journal of Environmental Quality , 31 : 1610 – 1622 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mignolet , C. , Schott , C. and Benoît , M. 2007 . “Spatial Dynamics of Farming Practices in the Seine Basin: Methods for Agronomic Approaches on A Regional Scale,” . Science of the Total Environment , 375 : 13 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mörth , C.M. , Humborg , C. , Eriksson , H. , Danielsson , A. , Medina , M.R. , Löfgren , S. , Swaney , D.P. and Rahm , L. 2007 . “Modelling Riverine Nutrient Transport to the Baltic Sea: ALarge‐Scale Approach,” . Ambio , 36 (2–3) : 124 – 133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neill , M. 1989 . “Nitrate Concentrations in River Waters in the South‐East of Ireland and their Relationships with Agricultural Practice,” . Water Research , 23 : 1339 – 1355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nixon , S.W. 1995 . “Coastal Marine Eutrophication: A Definition, Social Causes, and Future Concerns,” . Ophelia , 41 : 199 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC . 1993 . “Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas” . Washington, DC : National Research Council (NRC), National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1995 . “Developing a set of OECD agri‐environmental indicators,” . 24 Paris , , France : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 2001 . “Environmental Indicators for Agriculture,” . vol. 3 , Paris , , France : Methods and Results. Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) .
   Google Scholar
• O'Loughlin , G. , Huber , W. and Chocat , B. 1996 . “Rainfall – Runoff Processes and Modelling,” . J. Hydraul. Res. , 34 (6) : 733 – 751 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , B.J. , Wollheim , W.M. , Mulholland , P.J. , Webster , J.R. , Meyer , J.L. , Tank , J.L. , Marti , E. , Bow‐den , W.B. , Valett , H.M. , Hershey , A.E. , McDowell , W.H. , Dodds , W.K. , Hamilton , S.K. , Gregory , S. and Morrall , D.D. 2001 . “Control of Nitrogen Export from Watersheds by Headwater Streams,” . Science , 292 (5514) : 86 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peierls , B. , Caraco , N. , Pace , M. and Cole , J. 1991 . “Human Influence on River Nitrogen,” . Nature , 350 : 386 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabalais , N. 2002 . “Nitrogen in Aquatic Ecosystems” . Ambio , 31 : 102 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rekolainen , S. 1989 . “Phosphorus and Nitrogen Load from Forest and Agricultural Areas in Finland,” . Aqua Fennica , 19 : 95 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Royer , T.V. , Tank , J.L. and David , M.B. 2004 . “Transport and Fate of Nitrate in Headwater Agricultural Streams in Illinois” . J. Environ. Qual. , 33 : 1296 – 1304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seitzinger , S.P. and Kroeze , C. 1998 . “Global Distribution of Nitrous Oxide Production and N Inputs in Freshwater and Coastal Marine Ecosystems,” . Global Biogeochemical Cycles , 12 (1) : 93 – 113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seitzinger , S.P. , Kroeze , C. , Bouwman , A.F. , Caraco , N. , Dentener , F. and Styles , R.V. 2002a . “Global Patterns of Dissolved Inorganic and Particulate Nitrogen Inputs to Coastal Systems: Recent Conditions and Future Projections,” . Estuaries , 25 (4b) : 640 – 655 .
   Google Scholar
• Seitzinger , S.P. , Styles , R.W. , Boyer , R.W. , Alexander , R.B. , Billen , G. , Howarth , R.W. , Mayer , B. and van Breemen , N. 2002b . “Nitrogen Retention in Rivers: Model Development and Application to Watersheds in the Northeastern U.S.A,” . Biogeochemistry , 57 ( 58 ) : 199 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sileika , A.S. , Stålnacke , P. , Kutra , S. , Gaigalis , K. and Berankiene , L. 2006 . “Temporal and Spatial Variation of Nutrient Levels in the Nemunas River (Lithuania and Belarus),” . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , doi: 10.1007/s10661–006–9186–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmelsgaard , S. E. , Kristensen , K. , Andersen , H.E. , Grant , R. , Jørgensen , J. O. and Østergaard , H. S. 2000 . “An Empirical Model for Calculation of Root Zone Nitrate Leaching,” . DJF rapport Markbrug no. 32 67 Danmarks JordbrugsForskning . (in Danish)
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R.A. , Schwarz , G.E. and Alexander , R.B. 1997 . “Regional Interpretation of Water‐Quality Monitoring Data,” . Water Resources Research , 33 (12) : 2781 – 2798 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , S. , Swaney , D. , Buddemeier , R. , Scarsbrook , M. , Weatherhead , M. , Humborg , C. , Eriksson , H. and Hannerz , F. 2005 . “River nutrient Loads and Catchment Size,” . Biogeochemistry , 75 (1) : 83 – 107 . doi: 10.1007/s10533–004–6320‐z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stålnacke , P. , Grimvall , A. , Sundblad , K. and Wilander , A. 1999a . “Trends in Nitrogen Transport in Swedish Rivers,” . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 59 : 47 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stålnacke , P. , Grimvall , A. , Sundblad , K. and Tonderski , A. 1999b . “Estimation of Riverine Loads of Nitrogen and Phosphorus to the Baltic Sea, 1970–1993,” . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 58 : 173 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stålnacke , P. and Roll , G. 2002 . “Lake Peipsi – a transboundary lake on the future border of the European Union,” . In The NEBI Yearbook 20021/2002 , Edited by: Hedegaard , L. and Lindström . 159 – 176 . Springer‐Verlag Berlin Heidelberg .
   Google Scholar
• Stålnacke , P. , Grimvall , A. , Libiseller , C. , Laznik , M. and Kokorite , I. 2003 . “Trends in Nutrient Concentrations in Latvian Rivers and the Response to the Dramatic Change in Agriculture,” . Journal of Hydrology , 283 : 184 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stålnacke , P. , Vandsemb , S.M. , Vassiljev , A. , Grimvall , A. and Jolankai , G. 2004 . “Changes in Nutrient Levels in Some Eastern European Rivers in Response to Large‐Scale Changes in Agriculture,” . Water Science and Technology , 49 (3) : 28 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Syed , K.H. , Goodrich , D.C. , Myers , D.E. and Sorooshian , S. 2003 . “Spatial Characteristics of Thunderstorm Rainfall Fields and Their Relation to Runoff,” . J. Hydrol. , 271 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tetzlaff , D. and Uhlenbrook , S. 2005 . “Significance of Spatial Variability in Precipitation for Process‐Oriented Modelling: Results from Two Nested Catchments Using Radar and Ground Station Data,” . Hydrology and Earth System Sciences , 9 : 29 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thieu , V. , Billen , G. and Garnier , J. 2009 . “Nutrient transfer in three contrasting NW European watersheds: the Seine, Somme and Scheldt Rivers. A Comparative Application of the Seneque/Riverstrahler Model,” . Water Res. , 43 (6) : 1740 – 1754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USGS . 1999 . “The Quality of Our Nation's Waters,” . Reston , VA : US Geological Survey (USGS) . Circular 1225
   Google Scholar
• Vagstad , N. , Stålnacke , P. , Andersen , H.E. , Deelstra , J. , Jansons , V. , Kyllmar , K. , Loigu , E. , Rekolainen , S. and Tumas , R. 2004 . “Regional Variations in Diffuse Nitrogen Losses from Agriculture in the Nordic and Baltic Region,” . Hydrology and Earth System Sciences , 8 (4) : 651 – 662 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Breemen , N. , Boyer , E.W. , Goodale , C.L. , Jaworski , N.A. , Seitzinger , S. , Paustian , K. , Hetling , L. , Lajtha , K. , Eve , M. , Mayer , B. , van Dam , D. , Howarth , R.W. , Nadelhoffer , K.J. and Billen , G. 2002 . “Where Did all the Nitrogen Go? Fate of Nitrogen Inputs to Large Watersheds in the Northeastern U.S.A” . Biochemistry , 57 ( 58 ) : 267 – 293 .
   Google Scholar
• van Drecht , G. , Bouwman , A.F. , Boyer , E.W. , Green , P. and Siebert , S. 2005 . “A Comparison of Global Spatial Distributions of Nitrogen Inputs for Nonpoint Sources and Effects on River Nitrogen Export,” . Global Biochemical Cycles , 19 GB4S06, doi: 10.1029/2005GB002454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassiljev , A. and Stålnacke , P. 2005 . “Source Apportionment of Nutrients in the Lake Peipsi Drainage Basin ‐Experiences from a Statistical Model,” . Water Science and Technology , 51 : 309 – 317 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitousek , P.M. , Aber , J. , Bayley , S.E. , Howarth , R.W. , Likens , G.E. , Matson , P.A. , Schindler , D.W. , Schlesinger , W.H. and Tilman , J.D. 1997 . “Human Alteration of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Causes and Consequences,” . Ecol. Issues , 1 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Wickham , J.D. , Wade , T.G. , Riitters , K.H. , O'neill , R.V. , Smith , J.H. , Smith , E.R. , Jones , K.B. and Neale , A.C. 2003 . “Upstream‐to‐Downstream Changes in Nutrient Export Risk,” . Landscape Ecology , 18 : 193 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Wollheim , W.M. , Peterson , B.J. , Deegan , L.A. , Hobbie , J.E. , Hooker , B. , Bowden , W.B. , Edwardson , K.J. , Arscott , D.B. and Hershey , A.E. 2001 . “Influence of Stream Size on Ammonium and Suspended Particulate Nitrogen Processing,” . Limnology and Oceanography , 46 (1) : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Záková , Z. , Bránková , D. , Kocková , E. and Kríz , P. 1993 . “Influence of Diffuse Pollution on the Eutrophication and Water Quality of Reservoirs in the Morava River Basin,” . Water Science and Technology , 28 : 79 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar