331
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Anthropogenic and tidal influences on salinity levels of the Shatt al-Arab River, Basra, Iraq

, , , &
Pages 357-366 | Received 22 Feb 2016, Accepted 19 May 2016, Published online: 20 Jun 2016

References

  • Abbass, R.H., Abdul-Hussan, J.K., and Resen, A.K., 2014. Assessment of water quality of Shatt al Arab river in north of Basra. Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture, 11 (1), 37–56.
  • Abdullah, D.A., et al., 2015. The Shatt al Arab system under escalating pressure: a preliminary exploration of the issues and options for mitigation. International Journal of River Basin Management, 13 (2), 215–227. doi: 10.1080/15715124.2015.1007870
  • Adib, A. and Javdan, F., 2015. Interactive approach for determination of salinity concentration in tidal rivers (Case study: The Karun River in Iran). Ain Shams engineering Journal, 6, 785–793. doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2015.02.005
  • Afkhami, M., 2003. Environmental effects of salinity in the Karun-dez basin, Iran. Seventh international water technology conference, 1–3 April, Egypt. 229–233.
  • Afkhami, M., et al., 2007. Development a water quality management model for Karun and Dez rivers. Iranian Journal Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 4 (2), 99–106.
  • Aghdam, J.A., et al., 2012. The Karun river waters in the Ambal ridge region (Zagros mountain Range, southwestern Iran): mixing calculation and hydrogeological implications. Carbonates Evaporites, 27(3), 251–267. doi: 10.1007/s13146-012-0083-8
  • Al-Furaiji, M., et al., 2015. Evaluation of water demand and supply in the south of Iraq. Journal of Water Resources and Desalination, doi: 10.2166/wrd.2015.043.
  • Allahyaripour, F., 2011. Study on the changes of the quality of the Karoun river at Khouzestan plain in the view of agricultural usages and its environmental effects. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5 (10), 3291–3295.
  • Al-Manssory, F.A., Abdul-Kareem, M.A., and Yassen, M.M., 2004. An assessment of environmental pollution by some trace metals in the northern part of Shatt al-Arab sediments, Southern Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Earth Science, 4 (2), 11–22.
  • Al-Tawash, B., Al-Lafta, S.H., and Merkel, B., 2013. Preliminary assessment of the Shatt al Arab riverine environment, Basra Government, Southern Iraq. Journal of Natural Science Research, 3 (13), 120–136.
  • Brandimarte, L., Popescu, I., and Neamah, N.K., 2015. Analysis of fresh-saline water interface at the Shatt al-Arab estuary. International Journal of River Basin Management, 13 (1), 17–25. doi: 10.1080/15715124.2014.945092
  • Canedo-Arguelles, M., et al., 2013. Salinisation of rivers: an urgent ecological issue. Environmental Pollution, 173, 157–167. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.10.011
  • De Voogt, K., et al., 2000. Modeling water allocation between wetlands and irrigated agriculture in the Gediz basin, Turkey. International of Water Resources Development, 16 (4), 639–650. doi: 10.1080/713672530
  • Fawzi, M.N. and Mahdi, A.B., 2014. Iraq’s inland water quality and their impact on the North-Western Arabian Gulf. Marsh Bulletin, 9 (1), 1–22.
  • ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas), 2012. Iraq salinity assessment, managing salinity in Iraq’s agriculture, current state, causes, and impacts, an overview of the scope and scale of soil and water salinity in central and southern Iraq. Australia: ICARDA, Report 1: Situation Analysis.
  • Italy-Iraq, 2006 . New Eden master plan for integrated water resources management in the Marshlands Area. Volume 1, Overview of present conditions and current use of the water in the Marshlands Area. Iraq.
  • Masih, I., 2011. Understanding hydrological variability for improved water management in the semi-arid karkheh basin, Iran. Thesis (PhD). UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education and Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
  • Moyel, M.S., 2014. Assessment of water quality of the Shatt al Arab river, using multivariate statistical technique. Mesopotamia Environment Journal, 1 (1), 39–46.
  • Rahi, K.A. and Halihan, T., 2010. Changes in the salinity of the Euphrates river system in Iraq. Regional Environmental Change, 10, 27–35. doi: 10.1007/s10113-009-0083-y
  • Shamout, M.N. and Lahn, G., 2015. The Euphrates in crisis: channels of cooperation for a threatened river. London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House.
  • The Iraqi Foundation, 2003. Draft report physical characteristics of Mesopotamian Marshlands of Southern Iraq, background material prepared for the technical advisory panel. Iraq: Eden Again Project.
  • UN-ESCWA and BGR (United nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia; Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe), 2013. Inventory of shared water resources in Western Asia. Beirut: UN-ESCWA and BGR.
  • Vörösmarty, C.J. and Sahagian, D., 2000. Anthropogenic disturbance of the terrestrial water cycle. BioScience, 50 (9), 753–765. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0753:ADOTTW]2.0.CO;2

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.